This book develops an approach to language change based on construction grammar in order to reconceptualize grammaticalization and lexicalization. The authors show that language change proceeds by micro-steps involving every aspect of grammar including pragmatics and discourse functions. A new and productive approach to historical linguistics.
Designed for beginning undergraduates studying for degrees in English, this textbook provides an introduction to a range of sociolinguistic theories and the insights they provide for a greater understanding of varieties of English, past and present. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative approaches to sociolinguistic variation, the book provides a systematic overview such topics as:*'English' as a social and as a linguistic concept*English speech communities*Social and regional dialectology in relation to varieties of English*English historical sociolinguistics, from Old English to late Modern English*Sociolinguistics and change in English*Outcomes of contact involving varieties of English*English and language planning*English, sociolinguistics and linguistic theory.The book contains data drawn from studies of English as it is used around the world. Throughout, there is an emphasis on facilitating a deeper understanding of linguistic variation in English and the social, political and cultural contexts in which speakers and writers of English operate.
The incidence of developing infection in prosthetic joints remains low after primary arthroplasty, but owing to the growing success of joint replacement surgery as a procedure to alleviate pain and improve mobility, infection numbers are increasing. The impact on the patient is immense, and surgical options are challenging. Prevention and reducing the incidence is the key to addressing this problem. Pathways in Prosthetic Joint Infection covers the most common incidences where the risk of PJI is elevated (such as following revision arthroplasty), and indicates suitable approaches to aid the improvement of outcomes. Featuring clearly-illustrated clinical cases on the typical presentation of established and latent infections, the microbiology profiles, assessment, and definitive management are all highlighted. Taking a team-based approach that includes the ortho-plastic surgery team, physiotherapists, and microbiologists, this new book provides a concise summary of the current literature and an essential overview of the management options for those with PJI. Endorsed by the Royal College of Surgeons, BAPRAS, The Vascular Society, and BASK, Pathways in Prosthetic Joint Infection is an indispensable title for all those working with patients who may face PJI.
Covering Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Greenland and more, this concise guide reveals the natural wonders and cultural frontiers of these countries with, transport options from motorcycling to Finnish ferry-hopping.
This book develops an approach to language change based on construction grammar in order to reconceptualize grammaticalization and lexicalization. The authors show that language change proceeds by micro-steps involving every aspect of grammar including pragmatics and discourse functions. A new and productive approach to historical linguistics.
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