Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry (PHC), Volume 35 is the latest in this annual review series that contains both highlights of the previous year’s literature on heterocyclic chemistry and articles on new and developing topics of particular interest to heterocyclic chemists. Chapters in this new release are all written by leading researchers in their field, constituting a systematic survey of the important original material reported in the literature of heterocyclic chemistry in 2021. As with previous volumes in the series, this book will enable academic and industrial chemists, and advanced students, to keep abreast of developments in heterocyclic chemistry. Presents articles on new and developing topics of interest to heterocyclic chemists Provides a systematic survey of the important 2022 heterocyclic chemistry literature Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field Recognized as the premiere annual review of heterocyclic chemistry
We isolate a U.S. dollar currency premium by comparing corporate bonds issued in the dollar and the euro by firms o utside t he U .S. a nd e uro a rea. We make s everal empirical observations that dissect the perceived advantage of borrowing in the dollar. First, while the dollar dominates global debt issuance, borrowing costs in the dollar are more expensive without a currency hedge and about the same with a currency hedge when compared to the euro. This observed parity in currency-hedged corporate borrowing stands in contrast to the persistent deviation from covered interest parity in risk-free rates. Second, we observe a dollar safety premium in relative hedged borrowing costs, found in the subset of bonds with high credit ratings and short maturities, attributes similar to those of safe sovereigns. Finally, we find that firms flexibly adjust the currency mix of their debt issuance depending on the relative borrowing cost between dollar and euro debt. In sum, the disproportionate demand for U.S. dollar debt is reflected in higher issuance volumes that drive up the currency hedged dollar borrowing costs such that at the margin they equate to euro borrowing costs.
Domino reactions enable you to build complex structures in one-pot reactions without the need to isolate intermediates- a dream comes true. In this book, the well-respected expert, Professor Lutz Tietze, summarizes the possibilities of this reaction type - an approach for an efficiant, economically benificial and ecological benign synthesis. A definite must for every organic chemist.
How are sights and sounds and smells converted into electrical signals in a form that can be interpreted by the nervous system? Although this process, called sensory transduction, began to be understood only relatively recently, so much progress has been made that it is now possible to say at least in outline (but in most cases in remarkable detail) how transduction occurs for all of the major sense organs of the body. Since the first edition was published in 2003, many new experiments have radically changed some of our previously-held views.This new edition fulfils the book's original aims, both as an accessible textbook and a general introduction to the senses, by bringing the contents fully up to date with the new information acquired over the last 15 years. In so doing, it continues to provide a comprehensive survey of one of the greatest achievements of modern biology and neuroscience - the unravelling of the mechanism of sensation. Sensory Transduction is written for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in neurophysiology and sensory neuroscience. It is also of relevance and use to a broader audience of neuro, evolutionary, integrative, and comparative biologists.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Application, FPL 2001, held in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK, in August 2001. The 56 revised full papers and 15 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 117 submissions. The book offers topical sections on architectural framework, place and route, architecture, DSP, synthesis, encryption, runtime reconfiguration, graphics and vision, networking, processor interaction, applications, methodology, loops and systolic, image processing, faults, and arithmetic.
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