Knowledge representation is perhaps the most central problem confronting artificial intelligence. Expert systems need knowledge of their domain of expertise in order to function properly. Computer vlslOn systems need to know characteristics of what they are "seeing" in order to be able to fully interpret scenes. Natural language systems are invaluably aided by knowledge of the subject of the natural language discourse and knowledge of the participants in the discourse. Knowledge can guide learning systems towards better understanding and can aid problem solving systems in creating plans to solve various problems. Applications such as intelligent tutoring. computer-aided VLSI design. game playing. automatic programming. medical reasoning. diagnosis in various domains. and speech recogOltlOn. to name a few. are all currently experimenting with knowledge-based approaches. The problem of knowledge representation breaks down into several subsidiary problems including what knowledge to represent in a particular application. how to extract or create that knowledge. how to represent the knowledge efficiently and effectively. how to implement the knowledge representation scheme chosen. how to modify the knowledge in the face of a changing world. how to reason with the knowledge. and how tc use the knowledge appropriately in the creation of the application solution. This volume contains an elaboration of many of these basic issues from a variety of perspectives.
This book focuses on the unique needs of college students who are undecided regarding a field of study and/or career path, and the various approaches that advisors and counselors may take. The text draws on extensive research, both recent and historical, and explores what is most effective in successful universities today. The text explores the many and varied reasons that lead college students to be undecided, and the different solutions that will assist the student in coping with their circumstances and reaching a successful resolution. This updated version includes many ways in which the Internet serves as a useful tool for assisting gathering resources for the undecided college student. Advisors, counselors, and faculty will all glean useful theoretical and practical information from this text that can be applied in individual counseling, group settings, and workshops.
The career of Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, unfolding on land and sea, offers a compelling account of a pivotal time in the history of the US Navy and maritime warfare. Remembered chiefly for his role in the in Spanish-American War, Schley led the US Navy to victory at the Battle of Santiago, was promoted to rear admiral, then found himself accused of timidity and cowardliness in battle and subject to a controversial Court of Inquiry. The dispute and its resolution, known as the Sampson-Schley Controversy, impact the navy to this day. Schley graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1860 and advanced quickly through the ranks. After fighting in the Civil War, sailing the seven seas, and visiting many foreign countries, he played a vital part in the formation of the “New Steel Navy” as the fleet converted from the era of sail to steam. In Rear Admiral Schley: An Extraordinary Life at Sea and on Shore, Robert A. Jones tells a stirring tale of a remarkable commander whose cool-headed courage under fire and in hand-to-hand combat made him a highly respected leader whom men would follow willingly. His skills and proven leadership led to his being asked to conduct diplomatic missions in several countries, to supervise ship construction, to direct two lighthouse districts, to intervene in a civil war in Chile, and to lead the famous mission to rescue the Greely Arctic expedition. This meticulously researched biography will shed additional light on the career of an illustrious, if previously lesser-known leader who helped shape the US Navy we know today.
From September through November 1942, the Allies defeated the Axis forces on all active fronts. On land, the British defeated Rommel in Operation SUPERCHARGE, the US Marines defeated the Japanese on Guadalcanal, and the Russians trapped the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad and disrupted the entire Axis southern front in Russia. At sea, the Royal Navy landed desperately needed supplies on Malta in Operations PEDESTAL and STONEAGE; the USN defended the US Marines on Guadalcanal from a Japanese attack in the Battle of Cape Esperance; the Allies landed troops at Morocco and Algeria in Operation TORCH; USN cruisers sank a Japanese battleship in the 1st Battle of Savo Island; the 2nd Battle of Savo Island was the only battleship-to-battleship engagement of the war in the Pacific; the Battle of the North Atlantic increased in intensity; and the Germans tried to capture the French Fleet at Toulon, France, in Operation ANTON, only to arrive as the ships sank beneath the sea.
From the research labs at the University to remote lakes in Alberta and the Northwest Territories, Echoes in the Halls tells us the stories about the antics, the hijinks and the adventures of professors at the University of Alberta. A must-read for history buffs and University Alumni. "With so many wonderful memories, of people, events and achievements over the years, it's no wonder that the University of Alberta Drama Department holds such a large place in my heart. And it's no wonder that I still come back for opening night." - Frank Bueckert "No matter what the setting, however, I always found it immensely satisfying to teach undergraduates. It was fun. It was hard work. And there was always something further to come." - Ralph Nursall
3000 new references added since the first editionGives information necessary to produce embryos totally through in vitro techniques Shows commercial applications of embryo and oocyte researchCattle remain at the forefront of many new developments in reproductive technology and what can be done for the cow today will later be applicable to other farm livestock and perhaps humans. This new edition reviews the considerable advances and issues in embryo production technology, based on reports since the first edition in 1994. This is a must have volume for those who own the first edition, and in itself an incredibly informative text.
As centres for logistics activities, seaports have traditionally been the focus of maritime logistics chains. However, changes in production patterns, supported by the development of rapid transport of goods over long distances, have altered the logistics landscape. As a result, the relevance of port hinterland transport has become more important, with a consequent need for the high utilisation of transport resources and infrastructure through the consolidation of cargo flows and for seaports to extend their influence within their hinterlands to increase their competitiveness. The development worldwide of inland ports, terminals and dryports in their various forms, together with associated new functions and strategies, address these challenges in diverse ways to realise the potential benefits that come from the successful implementation of inland ports that connect seamlessly into transportation systems. This book comprises case studies and state-of-the-art examples of dryports in different parts of the world that have varying economic, social, institutional and environmental realities and which exhibit the complexity of, and diverse approaches to, this recent logistics phenomenon.
In the 1960s, Canadians could step through time to eighteenth-century trading posts or nineteenth-century pioneer towns. These living history museums promised authentic reconstructions of the past but, as Time Travel shows, they revealed more about mid-twentieth-century interests and perceptions of history than they reflected historical fact. An appetite for commercial tourism led to the rise of living history museums. They became important components of economic growth, especially as part of government policy to promote regional economic diversity and employment. Alan Gordon explores how these museums were shaped by post-war pressures, personality conflicts, funding challenges, and the need to balance education and entertainment. Ultimately, the rise of the living history museum is linked to the struggle to establish a pan-Canadian identity in the context of multiculturalism, competing anglophone and francophone nationalisms, First Nations resistance, and the growth of the state.
This book analyzes the recent growth of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Hong Kong, seven major Chinese coastal cities. The authors detail theoretical mechanisms, spatial and non-spatial models of development, all while exploring possible directions to sustainability. They also look at how these cities have developed over the last 30 years, from the late 1970s to the 21st century. Each has its own unique background, regional and national positions, advantages, and functions. Using diversified approaches and measurements for each city, the authors argue that structural changes are necessary to achieve much needed sustainable development. The book covers developmental issues such as the regaining of central city and global city statuses, the role of governments in steering development, and achieving goals through mega projects, urban competitiveness, positioning, and branding. Including varied assessment and intense suggestions for structural changes, this book addresses core concerns for the sustainable growth of these metropolises. A valuable book for students, researchers and policy makers.
Based on in-depth empirical research, this book develops our understanding of maritime transport costs, the maritime industry and the competitiveness of regions in a global market environment through a geographical lens. Further, the book uses a unique set of data that gives an extensive insight into Latin American international maritime transport costs and its determinants. This is a clear call for policy makers and port authorities to strengthen transnational cooperation in order to improve the development of the whole system of maritime transport, focusing on the causes that put regions at risk of becoming peripheral and uncompetitive.
“Not many people can say they wouldn’t change anything in a career—but I can.” – Gordon MacNeil Gordon MacNeil has had an extensive fifty-year career in one of the largest foreign aid enterprises of the world, focusing on finance in international agriculture development. From humble beginnings as a volunteer teacher through CUSO, he discovered a passion for travel, moving from Canada to the West Indies, to, eventually, Senegal, with the IDRC in a financial and administration position. As his posting in West Africa soon evolved, it set the stage for the rest of his career—moving between senior full-time financial positions and consultancy within the CGIAR system, including the AfricaRice Center, the World Bank, and the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), to name a few. Throughout his adventurous and oftentimes daunting career, Gordon married Joan, a nurse he met in the West Indies. A highly successful woman in her own right, Gordon and Joan’s relationship flourished with a travelling lifestyle, even though their professional passions often led them to working in different continents. With strength and trust, they introduced their two sons, Bruce and Andrew, to a worldly life at a young age, giving them an experience of a lifetime. The Hands that Feed Us: Inside the World of International Agricultural Research offers valuable and insightful details into the world of international agricultural finance, delving into Gordon’s perspective and analysis of the inner workings of some of the most complex organizational systems and groups in the world.
Day-to-day naval actions from October 1940 through May 1941. Provides detailed information on movements of all identifiable vessels of Allied, Axis, and neutral countries, plus convoy movements and minefields. Information is broken down by month, then by geographical area, date, and time. This series is an invaluable source for historians, students, and anyone interested in the naval history of World War II.
Teachers Matter offers the most definitive portrait of teachers’ lives and work to date. At a time when teaching standards are high on the political and social agenda, the quality and commitment of teaching staff is seen as paramount and they are viewed as pivotal to the economic and social well being of society. But: What are the influences that help or hinder teachers’ commitment? Is there an association between commitment and pupil attainment? Why are teachers’ identities important? What are teachers’ needs and concerns in different professional life phases? Does school context count? Based on a DfES funded study of 300 teachers in 100 primary and secondary schools in England, the authors identify different patterns of influence and effect between groups of teachers, which provide powerful evidence of the complexities of teachers’ work, lives, identity and commitment, in relation to their sense of agency, well-being, resilience and pupil attitudes and attainment. This, in turn, provides a clear message for teachers, teachers’ associations, school leaders and policy makers, in understanding and supporting the need to build and sustain school and classroom effectiveness. The book addresses issues such as the importance of career development, the relationships between school leadership, culture and teachers’ lives, maintaining a work-life balance, identity and well-being and the connection between commitment, resilience and effectiveness in the classroom. Original and highly relevant, Teachers Matter is invaluable reading for teachers, head teachers, researchers and teacher educators.
Volunteering for WWII's most hazardous duty-the Merchant Marines-during what should have been his years of innocence, a small town boy of 16 struggles to maintain his hometown values.
WARNING: Cruise Missile Liberals contains few proper poems. That is, poems with proper manners, proper etiquette, or proper service to our national narratives. Poems that reassure the powerful.Poems that lie inert--with the smell of the museums. Poems that are, in a word, nice. Instead, Spencer Gordon's debut smoulders with explosive contradiction--with a charismatic voice that rewires what we could ask for in a collection. Blending gaudy lyrical excess with blemish-ridden found material, it presents the reader with guilty pleasurable collisions. It is of the wretched present: online, urban, urbane, and sweetly ironic. These are poems of play, rant, irreverence, and lip; of sparkling newness haunted by the opulent, hungry dead. Works brimming with cheek that, every so often, stiffen to a punch to the gut. Like an updated Civil Elegies for a digital generation, Cruise Missile Liberals is a blistering debut from an author leaving his own bite-mark on "Canadian Literature." Advance Praise Spencer Gordon's Cruise Missile Liberalsis, as its title suggests, a very funny, often despairing book. Jammed with on-point pop and breathtaking turns of phrase, this collection of poems is genuinely compelling: it is hard to stop reading, so sweetly twisted is Gordon's world. --Lynn Crosbie, Author of Where Did You Sleep Last Night, Life Is About Losing Everything, and Liar "Hot, hot, hot! Spencer Gordon's Cruise Missile Liberals is an exquisitely detailed and passionately directed collection which finds vibrant resolve at the intersection of nation and art. With considerable heart and thrilling precision, these poems gratefully adopt the argot (and trouble) of the times and they discover a much different Canada, sweet with chipmunks and as untameable as Sk8er Boi." --David McGimpsey, author of Asbestos Heights There is a generosity of spirit on offer here for we who are tired, placeless, saturated in social media, and wasted on the bright horror of a future that never arrives. This collection is deft, intelligent, and tender, if tenderness is something that can also crush you--an intimacy that panics shut. For we who are "Nature Woke," "alchemical kids with gold teeth," "wanting to live as I do, shockingly new," Gordon sings and memes against "Canada the Good" and presents us with an arresting portrait of our present moment. --Liz Howard, Griffin-Award winning author of Infinite Citizen of the Shaking Tent
Hamiltonian fluid dynamics and stability theory work hand-in-hand in a variety of engineering, physics, and physical science fields. Until now, however, no single reference addressed and provided background in both of these closely linked subjects. Introduction to Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics and Stability Theory does just that-offers a comprehensive introduction to Hamiltonian fluid dynamics and describes aspects of hydrodynamic stability theory within the context of the Hamiltonian formalism. The author uses the example of the nonlinear pendulum-giving a thorough linear and nonlinear stability analysis of its equilibrium solutions-to introduce many of the ideas associated with the mathematical argument required in infinite dimensional Hamiltonian theory needed for fluid mechanics. He examines Andrews' Theorem, derives and develops the Charney-Hasegawa-Mima (CMH) equation, presents an account of the Hamiltonian structure of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, and discusses the stability theory associated with the KdV soliton. The book's tutorial approach and plentiful exercises combine with its thorough presentations of both subjects to make Introduction to Hamiltonian Fluid Dynamics and Stability Theory an ideal reference, self-study text, and upper level course book.
Winner of the Professional and Scholarly Publishing Award for General Engineering from the Association of American Publishers Originally published in 1996. By applying their abundant natural resources to ironmaking early in the eighteenth century, Americans soon made themselves felt in world markets. After the Revolution, ironmakers supplied the materials necessary to the building of American industry, pushing the fuel efficiency and productivity of their furnaces far ahead of their European rivals. In American Iron, 1607-1900, Robert B. Gordon draws on recent archaeological findings as well as archival research to present an ambitious, comprehensive survey of iron technology in America from the colonial period to the industry's demise at about the turn of the twentieth century. Closely examining the techniques—the "hows"—of ironmaking in its various forms, Gordon offers new interpretations of labor, innovation, and product quality in ironmaking, along with references to the industry's environmental consequences. He establishes the high level of skills required to ensure efficient and safe operation of furnaces and to improve the quality of iron product. By mastering founding, fining, puddling, or bloom smelting, ironworkers gained a degree of control over their lives not easily attained by others.
Comprehensive list of day-to-day naval actions from July 1943 through September 1943. Major events include Allied invasions of Sicily and Italy, plus continued action in the Solomon and New Guinea Islands, and the US liberation of Kiska Island.
This volume is dedicated to understanding the political economy obstacles to trade reform, especially global agricultural trade reform, and how these obstacles can be surmounted. The focus is on the trade reform under the GATT negotiations. New political-economic methodologies are used to assess and evaluate the obstacles and original scholarly analyses have been designed to explain why agriculture - among so many topics - became such a significant problem in the most recent Uruguay Round of the GATT.
Get comprehensive, practical coverage of both surgical and non-surgical treatment approaches from the world's most trusted authorities in spine surgery and care. Rothman-Simeone and Herkowitz's The Spine, 7th Edition, edited by Drs. Steven R. Garfin, Frank J. Eismont, Gordon R. Bell, Jeffrey S. Fischgrund, and Christopher M. Bono, presents state-of-the-art techniques helping you apply today's newest developments in your practice. - Highlights critical information through the use of pearls, pitfalls, and key points throughout the text, as well as more than 2,300 full-color photographs and illustrations. - Offers a newly revised, streamlined format that makes it easier than ever to find the information you need. - Contains new chapters on the clinical relevance of finite element modeling and SI joint surgery. - Includes an expanded section on minimally invasive spine surgery, including recent developments and future directions. - Provides the latest evidence-based research from high-quality studies, including new randomized controlled trials for lumbar stenosis, surgery, fusion, and injections. - Presents the knowledge and expertise of new international contributors, as well as new editorial leadership from Dr. Steven Garfin. - Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
This volume covers day-to-day naval actions during March-June 1943. The Allies attacked German U-boats day and night, forcing their withdrawal from the vital North Atlantic convoy routes, clearing the way for the eventual invasion of Europe from Britain. In the Bismarck Sea, Allied aircraft destroyed an entire Japanese troop convoy bound for New Guinea. In the Komandorski Islands, the U.S. Navy engaged a superior Japanese force and out fought them. After this loss, the Japanese commander was fired in disgrace. The Allies isolated the German and Italian troops fighting in Tunisia with an air and sea blockade. Without support from Italy, Tunisia fell. U.S. aircraft ambushed Japanese Admiral Yamamoto while he was en route to an inspection visit in the Solomon Islands. The U.S. 7th Infantry Division liberated Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands.
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