Godfrey Tawodzera's Books

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

By: Abel Chikanda,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

By: Abel Chikanda,Godfrey Tawodzera

Zimbabwe has witnessed the rapid expansion of informal cross-border trading (ICBT) with neighbouring countries over the past two decades. Beginning in the mid-1990s when the country embarked on its Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP), a large number of people were forced into informal employment through worsening economic conditions and the decline in formal sector jobs. The countrys post-2000 economic col-lapse resulted in the closure of many industries and created market opportunities for the further expansion of ICBT. This report, part of SAMPs Growing Informal Cities series, sought to provide a current picture of ICBT in Zimbabwe by interviewing a sample of 514 Harare-based informal entrepreneurs involved in cross-border trading with South Africa.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596313

ISBN 13

9781920596316

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

This report examines the food security status of Zimbabwean migrant households in the poorer areas of two major South African cities, Johannesburg and Cape Town. The vast majority were food insecure in terms of the amount of food to which they had access and the quality and diversity of their diet. What seems clear is that Zimbabwean migrants are significantly more food insecure than other low-income households. The primary reason for this appears to lie in pressures that include remittances of cash and goods back to family in Zimbabwe. The small literature on the impact of migrant remittances on food security tends to look only at the recipients and how their situation is improved. It does not look at the impact of remitting on those who send remittances. Most Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa feel a strong obligation to remit, but to do so they must make choices because of their limited and unpredictable income. Food is one of the first things to be sacrificed. Quantities decline, cheaper foods are preferred, and dietary quality and diversity inevitably suffer. This study found that while migrants were dissatisfied with the shrinking job market in South Africa, most felt that they would be unlikely to find work in Zimbabwe and that a return would worsen their households food security situation. In other words, while food insecurity in Zimbabwe is a major driver of migration to South Africa, food insecurity in South Africa is unlikely to encourage many to return.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920597190

ISBN 13

9781920597191

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

This report compares the business operations of over 2,000 South Africans and refugees in the urban informal economy and systematically dispels some of the myths that have grown up around their activities. First, the report takes issue with the perception that South Africans are inexperienced and unmotivated participants in the informal economy. Many have years of experience and have successfully grown their businesses. Second, it contests the view that refugees enjoy a competitive advantage because they come to South Africa with inherent talent and already honed skills. On the contrary, over 80% of those surveyed had no prior informal sector experience and learned their skills on the job and after coming to South Africa. Third, the report shows that there is fierce competition in the urban informal sector between and within the two groups. However, business competition between refugees and South Africans is mitigated by the fact that they tend to dominate different sections of the informal economy with South Africans dominant in the food sector and refugees in the household products and personal services sectors. Finally, the report takes issue with recent arguments that all informal sector businesses are equally at risk from robbery, extortion and other crimes. It shows that South Africans are affected but that refugees are far more vulnerable than their South African counterparts. The report therefore confirms that xenophobia and xenophobic violence are major threats to refugees seeking a livelihood in the informal sector, especially if they venture into informal settlements.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596410

ISBN 13

9781920596415

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

One of the defining characteristics of many large cities in the rapidly urbanizing global South is the high degree of informality of shelter, services and economic livelihoods. It is these dynamic, shifting and dangerous informal urban spaces that refugees often arrive in with few resources other than a will to survive, a few social contacts and a drive to support themselves in the absence of financial support from the host government and international agencies. This report addresses the question of variability in economic opportunity and entrepreneurial activity between urban environments within the same destination country South Africa by comparing refugee entrepreneurship in Cape Town, South Africas second largest city, and several small towns in the province of Limpopo. The research shows that refugee entrepreneurial activity in Limpopo is a more recent phenomenon and largely a function of refugees moving from large cities such as Johannesburg where their businesses and lives are in greater danger. The refugee populations in both areas are equally diverse and tend to be engaged in the same wide range of activities. This report shows that different urban geographies do shape the local nature of refugee entrepreneurial economies, but there are also remarkable similarities in the manner in which unconnectedrefugee entrepreneurs establish and grow their businesses in large cities and small provincial towns.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596348

ISBN 13

9781920596347

Living With Xenophobia

Zimbabwean Informal Enterprise in South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Living With Xenophobia

Zimbabwean Informal Enterprise in South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

This report examines the impact of xenophobic violence on Zimbabweans who are trying to make a living in the South African informal sector and finds that xenophobic violence has several key characteristics that put them at constant risk of losing their livelihoods and their lives. The businesses run by migrants and refugees in the informal sector are a major target of South Africas extreme xenophobia. Attitudinal surveys clearly show that South Africans differentiate migrants by national origin and that Zimbabweans are amongst the most disliked. This report is based on a survey of informal sector enterprises in Cape Town and Johannesburg; and 50 in-depth interviews with Zimbabwean informal business owners in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Polokwane who had been affected by xenophobic violence. In many areas, community leaders are ineffective in dealing with the violence and, in some cases, they actively foment hostility and instigate attacks. The fact that migrant entrepreneurs provide goods, including food, at competitive prices and offer credit to consumers is clearly insufficient to protect them when violence erupts. However, the deep-rooted crisis in Zimbabwe makes return home a non- viable option and Zimbabweans instead adopt several self-protection strategies, none of which is ultimately an insurance against xenophobic attack. The findings in this report demonstrate that xenophobic violence fails in its two main aims: to drive migrant entrepreneurs out of business and to drive them out of the country.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596399

ISBN 13

9781920596392

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Towns Informal Economy

By: Godfrey Tawodzera,Abel Chikanda

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Towns Informal Economy

By: Godfrey Tawodzera,Abel Chikanda

This is report is the most comprehensive study yet of the contribution of migrant and refugee entrepreneurs to Cape Towns local economy. The survey of over 500 entrepreneurs engaged in trade, services and manufacturing in different areas of the city dispels some of the more prevalent myths that o#en attach to the activities of migrants. The vast majority are not illegal foreigners, but have a legal right to be in South Africa and to run a business. Most are highly motivated individuals who enter the informal economy to earn revenue to support themselves, their families, and because they have a strong entrepreneurial motivation. Contrary to the claims of South African competitors, the vast majority are not successful because they are engaged in shadowy business practices. What emerges from the survey is that while migrant entrepreneurs undoubtedly have strong social networks, their businesses are highly individualistic in terms of organization, ownership and activity in a competitive business environment. This report demonstrates their positive economic contributions to Cape Town and examines the challenges they face in running a successful business operation in the city. It goes beyond the rhetoric of inclusion to demonstrate with hard evidence exactly why migrant and refugee entrepreneurs should be accepted as an integral and valuable part of the local economy.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596232

ISBN 13

9781920596231

The State of Food Insecuritity in Harare, Zimbabwe

By: Tawodzera, Godfrey,Zanamwe, Lazarus

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The State of Food Insecuritity in Harare, Zimbabwe

By: Tawodzera, Godfrey,Zanamwe, Lazarus

Harare is at the epicentre of the economic meltdown and political crisis that has devastated Zimbabwe over the last decade and led to a mass exodus from the country. Those who remained in Zimbabwe’s largest city and capital endured unprecedented hardship as the formal economy collapsed, unemployment soared and poverty deepened. Household surveys conducted in Harare with official sanction between 2003 and 2009 appear to demonstrate that food insecurity was not a particularly serious problem, a conclusion sharply at odds with reality. In 2008, at the height of the crisis, AFSUN therefore implemented its own baseline food security survey in Harare using a well-tested and reliable methodology. This paper presents and discusses the results of that survey and shows that Harare had become the most food insecure city in the SADC region by 2008. Levels of food insecurity were extraordinarily high as poor households struggled to find the income to purchase what little food was available in the shops and informal markets. The paper demonstrates that participation in the informal food economy was the major response to the crisis, providing poor households with a modicum of food and income. Urban agriculture for home consumption also grew in importance as a crisis response. While the political and economic situation in Zimbabwe has stabilised somewhat since 2008, the long-term impact of many years of enforced food insecurity on the city population is incalculable. This paper concludes with the recommendation that ongoing monitoring of the urban food security situation in Harare is essential in order to begin to develop national and municipal policies that could ensure a food secure future for the city.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

Southern African Migration Programme

Published Date

ISBN 10

192059700X

ISBN 13

9781920597009

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

By: Crush, Jonathan,Tawodzera, Godfrey

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

By: Crush, Jonathan,Tawodzera, Godfrey

This report examines the food security status of Zimbabwean migrant households in the poorer areas of two major South African cities, Johannesburg and Cape Town. The vast majority were food insecure in terms of the amount of food to which they had access and the quality and diversity of their diet. What seems clear is that Zimbabwean migrants are significantly more food insecure than other low-income households. The primary reason for this appears to lie in pressures that include remittances of cash and goods back to family in Zimbabwe. The small literature on the impact of migrant remittances on food security tends to look only at the recipients and how their situation is improved. It does not look at the impact of remitting on those who send remittances. Most Zimbabwean migrants in South Africa feel a strong obligation to remit, but to do so they must make choices because of their limited and unpredictable income. Food is one of the first things to be sacrificed. Quantities decline, cheaper foods are preferred, and dietary quality and diversity inevitably suffer. This study found that while migrants were dissatisfied with the shrinking job market in South Africa, most felt that they would be unlikely to find work in Zimbabwe and that a return would worsen their household’s food security situation. In other words, while food insecurity in Zimbabwe is a major driver of migration to South Africa, food insecurity in South Africa is unlikely to encourage many to return.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

Southern African Migration Programme

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920597158

ISBN 13

9781920597153

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596348

ISBN 13

9781920596347

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

By: Jonathan Crush,Godfrey Tawodzera

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596410

ISBN 13

9781920596415

Living With Xenophobia

Zimbabwean Informal Enterprise in South Africa

By: Crush, Jonathan,Tawodzera, Godfrey

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Living With Xenophobia

Zimbabwean Informal Enterprise in South Africa

By: Crush, Jonathan,Tawodzera, Godfrey

This report examines the impact of xenophobic violence on Zimbabweans who are trying to make a living in the South African informal sector and finds that xenophobic violence has several key characteristics that put them at constant risk of losing their livelihoods and their lives. The businesses run by migrants and refugees in the informal sector are a major target of South Africa’s extreme xenophobia. Attitudinal surveys clearly show that South Africans differentiate migrants by national origin and that Zimbabweans are amongst the most disliked. This report is based on a survey of informal sector enterprises in Cape Town and Johannesburg; and 50 in-depth interviews with Zimbabwean informal business owners in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Polokwane who had been affected by xenophobic violence. In many areas, community leaders are ineffective in dealing with the violence and, in some cases, they actively foment hostility and instigate attacks. The fact that migrant entrepreneurs provide goods, including food, at competitive prices and offer credit to consumers is clearly insufficient to protect them when violence erupts. However, the deep-rooted crisis in Zimbabwe makes return home a non- viable option and Zimbabweans instead adopt several self-protection strategies, none of which is ultimately an insurance against xenophobic attack. The findings in this report demonstrate that xenophobic violence fails in its two main aims: to drive migrant entrepreneurs out of business and to drive them out of the country.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

Southern African Migration Programme

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596372

ISBN 13

9781920596378

The Return of Food

Poverty and Urban Food Security in Zimbabwe after the Crisis

By: Godfrey Tawodzera,Jonathan Crush

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Return of Food

Poverty and Urban Food Security in Zimbabwe after the Crisis

By: Godfrey Tawodzera,Jonathan Crush

The nadir of Zimbabwes political and economic crisis in 2008 coincided with the implementation of a baseline household food security survey in Harare by AFSUN. This survey found that households in low income urban areas in Zimbabwes capital were far worse off in terms of all the food insecurity and poverty indicators than households in the other 10 Southern African cities surveyed by AFSUN. The central question addressed in this report is whether food security in Zimbabwes urban centres has improved. AFSUN conducted a follow-up survey in 2012 that allows for direct longitudinal comparisons of continuity and change. The status of household food security in low-income neighbourhoods in Harare was improved in 2012 relative to 2008, and yet persistently high rates of severe food insecurity demonstrate that the daily need to access adequate food continued to be a major challenge. The key lesson for policymakers is that even in the context of overall economic improvement, food insecurity remains endemic among the poorest segments of the urban population. Households are already accustomed to drawing on resources outside of the formal economy and improvements in employment income have not reversed that trend. These alternative livelihood strategies should therefore be considered as a normal part of urban life and supported with state resources that can improve access to food for the most marginalized groups.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

African Books Collective

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920597182

ISBN 13

9781920597184

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

By: Chikanda, Abel,Tawodzera, Godfrey

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

By: Chikanda, Abel,Tawodzera, Godfrey

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

Southern African Migration Programme

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596291

ISBN 13

9781920596293

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Townís Informal Economy

By: Tawodzera, Godfrey,Chikanda, Abel

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Townís Informal Economy

By: Tawodzera, Godfrey,Chikanda, Abel

This is report is the most comprehensive study yet of the contribution of migrant and refugee entrepreneurs to Cape Town's local economy. The survey of over 500 entrepreneurs engaged in trade, services and manufacturing in different areas of the city dispels some of the more prevalent myths that often attach to the activities of migrants. The vast majority are not "illegal foreigners", but have a legal right to be in South Africa and to run a business. Most are highly motivated individuals who enter the informal economy to earn revenue to support themselves, their families, and because they have a strong entrepreneurial motivation. Contrary to the claims of South African competitors, the vast majority are not successful because they are engaged in shadowy business practices. What emerges from the survey is that while migrant entrepreneurs undoubtedly have strong social networks, their businesses are highly individualistic in terms of organization, ownership and activity in a competitive business environment. This report demonstrates their positive economic contributions to Cape Town and examines the challenges they face in running a successful business operation in the city. It goes beyond the rhetoric of inclusion to demonstrate with hard evidence exactly why migrant and refugee entrepreneurs should be accepted as an integral and valuable part of the local economy.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

Publisher

OSSREA

Published Date

ISBN 10

1920596151

ISBN 13

9781920596156

Book's by Godfrey Tawodzera

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

Living With Xenophobia

Living With Xenophobia

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Towns Informal Economy

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Towns Informal Economy

The State of Food Insecuritity in Harare, Zimbabwe

The State of Food Insecuritity in Harare, Zimbabwe

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

The Food Insecurities of Zimbabwean Migrants in Urban South Africa

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

Refugee Entrepreneurial Economies in Urban South Africa

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

Comparing Refugees and South Africans in the Urban Informal Sector

Living With Xenophobia

Living With Xenophobia

The Return of Food

The Return of Food

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

Informal Entrepreneurship and Cross-Border Trade between Zimbabwe and South Africa

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Townís Informal Economy

International Migrants and Refugees in Cape Townís Informal Economy

Username

Password

Username

Password

Password again

Birthday

Email