Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, grade: 81/100, University of Leeds (School of Earth and Environment), course: Introduction to Sustainability, language: English, abstract: This essay will critically analyse the notion of sustainability as a wicked problem by showing the congruencies between both concepts and examine the implications of wickedness on sustainability policies. It focuses on the applicability of participatory methods to address and manage its challenges, since they have been identified as a dominant approach in sustainability policy making in the literature. Issues such as global warming, climate change, biodiversity loss, ocean acidification, and increasing poverty are just a few of many other problems we are currently facing. Dooming projections about the future has inflamed the discourse on sustainability and resulted in ongoing debates and commentaries about its definition across varying disciplines, each elaborating different perspectives of the concept. Due to its complexity it has been argued that achieving sustainability represents a ‘wicked problem’, a term describing problems that are impossible to be solved, but can only tamed (Rittel and Webber, 1973). Some even argue, that significant sustainability issues are beyond the scope of wicked problems and distinguish these as ‘super wicked problems’.
Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Tourism - Miscellaneous, grade: 78/100, University of Leeds (School of Earth and Environment), course: Critical Perspectives on Environment and Development, language: English, abstract: This review essay aims to synthesise the current understanding of socio-economic and social impacts of marine ecotourism on the wellbeing of local communities by discussing the findings presented in recent empirical research papers. This review considers studies conducting economic impact evaluations on shark diving and whale watching, as well as social impact studies of tourism development in protected areas. Firstly, the key findings of empirical case studies are presented and analysed, focusing on how these argue for the marketization of marine resources through ecotourism either as a development opportunity or as a means for species conservation. This is followed by an analysis on how this form of environmental governance involves novel forms of power between communities and government institutions. This review argues that marine ecotourism as a means of neoliberal conservation presents opportunities as well as constraints for environmental justice.
Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Tourism - Miscellaneous, grade: 78/100, University of Leeds (School of Earth and Environment), course: Critical Perspectives on Environment and Development, language: English, abstract: This review essay aims to synthesise the current understanding of socio-economic and social impacts of marine ecotourism on the wellbeing of local communities by discussing the findings presented in recent empirical research papers. This review considers studies conducting economic impact evaluations on shark diving and whale watching, as well as social impact studies of tourism development in protected areas. Firstly, the key findings of empirical case studies are presented and analysed, focusing on how these argue for the marketization of marine resources through ecotourism either as a development opportunity or as a means for species conservation. This is followed by an analysis on how this form of environmental governance involves novel forms of power between communities and government institutions. This review argues that marine ecotourism as a means of neoliberal conservation presents opportunities as well as constraints for environmental justice.
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