Although fibrosis can occur as part of normal wound healing, dysregulated fibrosis can affect almost any organ and results in severe dysfunction. Despite the variety of human disease of which this is a feature these diseases remain poorly understood due in part to the slow largely asymptomatic onset. Animal models are our only means to examine the early stages of these diseases. With them we can isolate perturbations in signaling pathways, chemokines and cytokines and study their effects. Here we summarize animal models that have been developed for the study of the most common human fibrotic conditions. We separate models of scleroderma and cirrhosis as the model development for each of these conditions face unique challenges. Although still imperfect, elegant solutions have been developed for modeling fibrosis in each. Indeed, progress in this area is currently rapid, and animal models will likely remain critical in moving forward our scientific understanding of these disease states.
The need for safe and effective use of medicines in children and WHO's initiative "Make Medicines Child Size" have boosted research and educational activities in the area of pediatric clinical drug research. This issue focuses on both general and specific aspects of neonatal and pediatric clinical pharmacology including ethics, pharmacogenomics, metabolomics, adverse drug reactions, pain medication, pulmonary hypertension and several other hot topics. The editors have been able to find outstanding authors for the different parts on neonatal and pediatric pharmacology.
This extensively documented, comprehensive survey of cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) traces the history of killer lymphocytes from 1960 to the present, providing a definitive resource for specialists and non-specialists alike. It offers an advanced analysis of CMC, including a comprehensive examination of key papers underlying its evolution, and provides a thorough discussion of the most recent advances in the field.
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