Internal combustion engines are among the most fascinating and ingenious machines which, with their invention and continuous development, have positively influenced the industrial and social history during the last century, especially by virtue of the role played as propulsion technology par excellence used in on-road private and commercial transportation. Nowadays, the growing attention towards the de-carbonization opens up new scenarios, but IC engines will continue to have a primary role in multiple sectors: automotive, marine, offroad machinery, mining, oil & gas and rail, power generation, possibly with an increasing use of non-fossil fuels. The book is organized in monothematic chapters, starting with a presentation of the general and functional characteristics of IC engines, and then dwelling on the details of the fluid exchange processes and the definition of the layout of intake and exhaust systems, obviously including the supercharging mechanisms, and continue with the description of the injection and combustion processes, to conclude with the explanation of the formation, control and reduction of pollutant emissions and radiated noise.
Preface -- Part I: Optoelectronic Sensors Technologies -- 1. Fiber and Integrated Optics Sensors: Fundamentals and Applications G. C. Righini, A. G. Mignani, I. Cacciari and M. Brenci -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fiber and Integrated Optics: Fundamentals of Waveguiding -- 3. Waveguide Sensors: Basic Working Principle -- 4. Fiber Optic Sensors -- 5. Long-Period Optical Fiber Grating Sensors -- 6. Micro-structured Fiber Sensors -- 7. Integrated Optic Sensors -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 2. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Industrial Applications C. Ambrosino, A. Iadicicco, S. Campopiano, A. Cutolo, M. Giordano and A. Cusano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fiber Bragg Gratings History -- 3. Fiber Bragg Gratings as Sensors -- 4. Civil Applications -- 5. Aerospace Applications -- 6. Energy Applications -- 7. Oil and Gas Applications -- 8. Transport Applications -- 9. Underwater Applications -- 10. Perspective and Challenges -- References -- 3. Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors R. Bernini, A. Minardo and L. Zeni -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Linear Backscattering Systems -- 3. Non-Linear Backscattering Systems -- 4. Non-Linear Forward-Scattering Systems -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- 4. Lightwave Technologies for Interrogation Systems of Fiber Bragg Gratings Sensors D. Donisi, R. Beccherelli and A. d'Alessandro -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Operating Principle of the Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor -- 3. FBG Interrogation Techniques -- 4. An Integrated Tunable Filter using Composite Holographic Grating -- 5. POLICRYPS Filterbased FBG Sensors Interrogation -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5. Surface Plasmon Resonance: Applications in Sensors and Biosensors R. Rella and M. G. Manera -- 1. Introduction -- 2. SPR Theory -- 3. Optical Sensors based on Surface Plasmon Resonance -- 4. Application of SPR in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors -- 5. SPR Instrumentation: From Traditional SPR Instrument to SPR Imaging -- 6. Future Capabilities -- References -- 6. Microresonators for Sensing Applications S. Berneschi, G. Nunzi Conti, S. Pelli and S. Soria -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Whispering Gallery Modes in a Microsphere -- 3. WGM Resonators: Applications in Sensing -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7. Photonic Crystals: Towards a Novel Generation of Integrated Optical Devices for Chemical and Biological Detection A. Ricciardi, C. Ciminelli, M. Pisco, S. Campopiano, C. E. Campanella, E. Scivittaro, M. N. Armenise, A. Cutolo and A. Cusano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Photonic Crystals 190; Fundamental Principles -- 3. Functional Photonic Band Gap Components and Devices -- 4. Photonic Crystals for Chemical and Biological Sensing -- 5. Photonic Crystal Fibers Sensors -- 6. Perspectives and Challenges -- References -- 8. Micromachining Technologies for Sensor Applications P. M. Sarro, A. Irace and P. J. French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bulk Micromachining -- 3. Surface Micromachining -- 4. Characterization of Thin Film Membranes -- 5. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 9. Spectroscopic Techniques for Sensors S. Pelli, A. Chiasera, M. Ferrari and G. C. Righini -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption, Reflectance and Transmission Measurements -- 3. Luminescence Measurements -- 4. Raman and Brillouin Measurements -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- 10. Laser Doppler Vibrometry P. Castellini, G. M. Revel". -- OCLC.
This book is an introduction to automotive engineering, to give freshmen ideas about this technology. The text is subdivided in parts that cover all facets of the automobile, including legal and economic aspects related to industry and products, product configuration and fabrication processes, historic evolution and future developments. The first part describes how motor vehicles were invented and evolved into the present product in more than 100 years of development. The purpose is not only to supply an historical perspective, but also to introduce and discuss the many solutions that were applied (and could be applied again) to solve the same basic problems of vehicle engineering. This part also briefly describes the evolution of automotive technologies and market, including production and development processes. The second part deals with the description and function analysis of all car subsystems, such as: · vehicle body, · chassis, including wheels, suspensions, brakes and steering mechanisms, · diesel and gasoline engines, · electric motors, batteries, fuel cells, hybrid propulsion systems, · driveline, including manual and automatic gearboxes. This part addresses also many non-technical issues that influence vehicle design and production, such as social and economic impact of vehicles, market, regulations, particularly on pollution and safety. In spite of the difficulty in forecasting the paths that will be taken by automotive technology, the third part tries to open a window on the future. It is not meant to make predictions that are likely to be wrong, but to discuss the trends of automotive research and innovation and to see the possible paths that may be taken to solve the many problems that are at present open or we can expect for the future. The book is completed by two appendices about the contribution of computers in designing cars, particularly the car body and outlining fundamentals of vehicle mechanics, including aerodynamics, longitudinal (acceleration and braking) and transversal (path control) motion.
When an Italian kingpin falls, a battle of successors begins in this “razor-sharp political thriller set in Berlusconi’s Rome” (The New Statesman). Things are changing in Rome. The new Pope, determined to reform the Vatican, proclaims an extraordinary Jubilee year, one “of Mercy.” A new center-left government replaces its disgraced predecessor. And with the underworld kingpin Samurai in jail, his protégé Sebastiano Laurenti plans to establish himself as his designated successor. But to do it, he must reckon with a new generation of gangsters and racketeers edging in on the corrupt profits to be made off the Jubilee’s public works. Meanwhile, Laurenti must also keep an eye on the ambitious newly elected politician Chiara Visone. As the sharks circle and the street-dogs fight, a tenuous hope endures. An incorruptible politician of the old left is about to forge an unlikely alliance with a young bishop who refuses to play the Vatican’s power games. Sharp, dark, and taut, The Night of Rome is fiction that sails dangerously close to the wind of current events.
An insider's account of the rise of digital money and cryptocurrencies Dubbed "CryptoDad" for his impassioned plea to Congress to acknowledge and respect cryptocurrencies as the inevitable product of a fast-growing technological wave and a free marketplace, Chris Giancarlo is considered one of "the most influential individuals in financial regulation." CryptoDad: The Fight for the Future of Money describes Giancarlo’s own reckoning with the future of the global economy—at the intersection of markets, technology, and public policy—and lays out the fight for a Digital Dollar. CryptoDad is Giancarlo's own personal story, detailing his forays into the world of Wall Street to his tenure as the 13th Chairman of the United States Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), where he pushed for the agency to recognize the digitization of markets. His growing fame as a Twitter presence in this essential debate has given Giancarlo a platform to makes a case for the future of cryptocurrencies as the natural successor to America’s current failing financial market infrastructure. CryptoDad provides readers with: A thorough exploration of digital change and how it affects the lives of everyone in a global economy A revolutionary consideration of regulatory responses to the rapid pace of technological innovation A call to update our aging financial organizations, particularly the infrastructure of money itself, and focus on renewed faith and confidence in free market innovation A foreword by Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, two of the biggest names in cryptocurrencies CryptoDad argues that the next digital wave will be the coming Internet of Value, where cryptocurrencies will do the Internet of Information did to immaterial things: make them accessible, distributable, and movable instantly across the globe. This book is an ideal introduction to the importance of technology in the marketplace.
The book starts with an historical overview of road vehicles. The first part deals with the forces exchanged between the vehicle and the road and the vehicle and the air with the aim of supplying the physical facts and the relevant mathematical models about the forces which dominate the dynamics of the vehicle.The second part deals with the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle in normal driving conditions with some extensions towards conditions encountered in high-speed racing driving.
This is the second chapter of the Lanzis saga. A saga with a true historical setting. A live path begun at the end of the Great War and continued, thought the fascist period, until WWII and the difficult period of reconstruction. Following the interesting dynamics of the first book, Giancarlo Gabbrielli narrates in very realistic terms, the developments which followed it. Here we find again Luisa, Patriza, Riccardo, Lorenzo and Roberto, bearing columns of intense and captivating events. We will also meet new protagonists, who will entwine their destiny with that of the Lanzis. Roberto, adolescent and then young man, develops his innate qualities, realizing that growing, sometimes entails the abandonment of past relationships. He falls in love with an adult woman. It could not last. Patrizia, strong and determined, put to task by fate, she must, once again, show courage and understanding. Luisa, loving but severe grandmother, still the heart of the family, must face some harsh, unforeseen circumstances. This book keeps the promises of the first volume and ably creates the premises for the next. A wonderful way to follow and remember the background of our recent History, from the daily events facing a courageous family. As Riccardo Lanzi had feared, in May 1943, after the collapse of the African front, the war theater extended to the Italian peninsula. During the spring and summer 1944, as Armies drove north, the fighting reached the region of Tuscany. The Arno River became the first line, with German and American troops fighting each other from the opposite banks. The Lanzis, who lived close to the northern banks of the river held by the retreating German troops found themselves at the center of the conflict. Bombarded by the Americans from the air, and on the ground, constantly harassed by the Germans and under threat of reprisals. Needing to escape the impossible situation, the family reluctantly decided to abandon their small villa, too close to the bridge over the Arno River, which had become a strategic target. Fortunately, they found refuge with a family of farmers who lived in the countryside. Around the middle of September, after months of dangers and near fatal blows, the Germans finally retreated towards the mountains, towards another line of defense. For the people who lived around the Arno valley, the nightmare was finally over. Thirteen year old Roberto Lanzi, his mother Patrizia and his grandmother Luisa, were about to leave their country haven and return home.
This comparative and interdisciplinary study focuses on a cluster of epoch-making themes that emerged in the late sixteenth century. Michelangelo and Giordano Bruno are taken as the founding fathers of the Baroque, and we see that beyond the Alps their lessons were echoed in Montaigne, Cervantes, and the Counter-Reformation culture of the Mediterranean basin. Maiorino shows that the common denominator that links the origins of the Baroque to its maturity is the concept of form as &"process,&" which is then articulated into chapters on the formative unity of the arts, art forms at the threshold, and the development from humanist perfection to Baroque perfectibility. Such an evolution in literature and the arts is situated in relation to the age of explorations (Columbus), scientific inventions (the telescope), and the fundamental shift from the enclosed Ptolemic system to the open universe of the Copernican revolution. At the Baroque point of origin, the inner vitality of Michelangelo's emphasis on creation as &"process&" rather than completed act taught a crucial lesson to Baroque artists. Their response to the infinite and open universe of the &"New Science&" was one that took part to be as dynamic and metamorphic as life itself. It is in the context of &"open&" forms within an &"open&" universe that this study moves from Michelangelo to Bruno. His poetics of immeasurable abundance set &"process&" at the very core of the Baroque art, thought, and science. Applied to the forms of art, growth and metamorphosis are linked to what Maiorino calls (borrowing from Mikhail Bakhtin) the Baroque chronotope of formation, which refers to forms responding to the dynamics of space-time interactions. Such interactions were exhaustive and even tested the boundaries between reality and fiction, creation and denial, conformity and criticism from picaresque Spain to middle-class Holland. And it is the painting of a Dutch artist&—Rembrandt's Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer&— that is taken as a symbol of the Baroque reconciliation of humanist learning with human or humane understanding. Such a humanizing attitude also marked the final transformation of humanist ideals of perfection into the Baroque experience of human perfectibility. This book will be of importance to all scholars concerned with the history of ideas, cultural history, and the Baroque in literature and art.
Road Vehicle Dynamics supplies students and technicians working in industry with both the theoretical background of mechanical and automotive engineering, and the know-how needed to perform numerical simulations. Bringing together the foundations of the discipline and its recent developments in a single text, the book is structured in three parts: it begins with a historical overview of road vehicles; then deals with the forces exchanged between the vehicle and the road, and the vehicle and the air; and finally, deals with the dynamic behavior of the vehicle in normal driving conditions with some extensions towards conditions encountered in high-speed racing. Coverage of contemporary automatic controls is included in this edition.
Book V: With the family finally reunited in Winnipeg, Roberto leaves his job at Bristol to start a business of his own. With his wife’s support he hurls himself into the adventure, borrows money from a bank and builds a small complex where he intend to move his Atelier and also rent the extra spaces to quality shops. By 1969, he has become a well known figure in the community. But changes soon occurs and the ever growing interest rates and the nervousness of the bank cause him to sell his ‘dream house’. Now, nothing can keep him in Winnipeg. But not all is lost as he now knows he’ll succeed in Toronto. Book VI: Roberto moves to Toronto determined to succeed on his own terms. With some local financing he opens a warehouse and showroom for finely crafted items. His new venture quickly takes off. When his Italian product is copied and underpriced by Chinese factories, he goes to China to combine Italian designs with less expensive Chinese manufacturing. Once again betrayal lurks in the shadows but this time Roberto knows how to foil his adversaries. He discovers his dear friend is dying, he meets him and reminisces about the shared past. After several, profound and honest conversations Roberto returns to the Arno River to reflect where he began his life journey. He finds peace.
Cancer is a multifaceted disease in which genetic changes induce uncontrolled tumor growth. Genomic characterization of cancer is now leading to better diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and effective individualized management. 'Fast Facts: Comprehensive Genomic Profiling' provides a crash course in the science, methods and application of genomic profiling. Assuming only the most basic knowledge – or memory – of cell biology, the authors provide an overview of DNA and RNA biology and next-generation sequencing. This sets in context the descriptions of prognostic and predictive biomarkers for different cancer types and genomic-based treatments. Finally, but importantly, some of the practicalities of gaining and interpreting genomic information are described. Whether you need a primer or a refresher, this short colorful book demystifies this complex subject. Contents: • Genetic mutations and biomarkers • Understanding next-generation sequencing • Elements of comprehensive genomic profiles • Role in precision oncology • Predictive and prognostic biomarkers • Overcoming barriers to genotype-directed therapy
This textbook draws on the authors’ experience gained by teaching courses for engineering students on e.g. vehicle mechanics, vehicle system design, and chassis design; and on their practical experience as engineering designers for vehicle and chassis components at a major automotive company. The book is primarily intended for students of automotive engineering, but also for all technicians and designers working in this field. Other enthusiastic engineers will also find it to be a useful technical guide. The present volume (The Automotive Chassis – Volume 2: System Design) focuses on the automotive chassis as a system, providing readers with the knowledge needed to integrate the individual components described in Volume 1 in a complex system that satisfies customers’ expectations. Special emphasis is given to factors influencing system performance, including: - the influence of the powertrain on vehicle performance. Conventional, hybrid and electric powertrains are considered; - factors influencing vehicles’ handling performance; - factors influencing vehicles’ comfort performance; and - factors influencing vehicles’ stability and strategies for accident avoidance (active safety). In addition, this second volume thoroughly covers topics that are usually neglected in other books about the automotive chassis, such as: - the basics of vehicle aerodynamics; - internal combustion engines, electric motors and batteries; and - mathematical modeling tools. This thoroughly revised second edition has been updated to reflect the latest advances in electric and hybrid vehicles, electronic control systems and autonomous driving.
Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
Internal combustion engines are among the most fascinating and ingenious machines which, with their invention and continuous development, have positively influenced the industrial and social history during the last century, especially by virtue of the role played as propulsion technology par excellence used in on-road private and commercial transportation. Nowadays, the growing attention towards the de-carbonization opens up new scenarios, but IC engines will continue to have a primary role in multiple sectors: automotive, marine, offroad machinery, mining, oil & gas and rail, power generation, possibly with an increasing use of non-fossil fuels. The book is organized in monothematic chapters, starting with a presentation of the general and functional characteristics of IC engines, and then dwelling on the details of the fluid exchange processes and the definition of the layout of intake and exhaust systems, obviously including the supercharging mechanisms, and continue with the description of the injection and combustion processes, to conclude with the explanation of the formation, control and reduction of pollutant emissions and radiated noise.
This book presents an energetic approach to the performance analysis of internal combustion engines, seen as attractive applications of the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and energy transfer. Paying particular attention to the presentation of theory and practice in a balanced ratio, the book is an important aid both for students and for technicians, who want to widen their knowledge of basic principles required for design and development of internal combustion engines. New engine technologies are covered, together with recent developments in terms of: intake and exhaust flow optimization, design and development of supercharging systems, fuel metering and spray characteristic control, fluid turbulence motions, traditional and advanced combustion process analysis, formation and control of pollutant emissions and noise, heat transfer and cooling, fossil and renewable fuels, mono- and multi-dimensional models of termo-fluid-dynamic processes.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control and/or eradication efforts have been in existence for many years in different regions, supported by an official OIE system for recognition of national control programmes and of country status to manage the trade risks for FMD reintroduction. A global FMD control strategy was announced by FAO and OIE in 2012, incorporating a progressive control pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) that elaborates principles for the application of control measures in a step-wise manner. The OIE Performance of Veterinary Services tool helps countries to monitor the structures essential for programme implementation.Vaccination is an important component of programmes that seek to reduce the impacts of FMD and to block circulation of the causative virus in order to establish and maintain disease freedom. Choosing and successfully implementing the appropriate vaccine and vaccination regimens are affected by many dynamic factors, including (1) the diversity of the viruses to be controlled; (2) the performance characteristics and instability of vaccines; (2) the range of susceptible animal species and husbandry systems; (3) the purposes of vaccination; (4) the short-lived nature of vaccine induced immunity; and (5) the design and application of vaccination programmes. Furthermore, vaccination is unlikely to succeed unless supported by other complementary control measures. Therefore, the entire process of vaccine selection and vaccination must be continuously monitored and evaluated to ensure that it fulfils its objectives and contributes to a sustainable control of FMD. This document is intended to help guide this process. Since the variable and changing circumstances of FMD control require different approaches, the guidance is not prescriptive. Instead, it reviews the options available for vaccine selection and vaccination strategies and presents methodology to check that a potential vaccine is able to provide a protective immune response and that the implemented vaccination programme has translated this into a protective level of population immunity.
Assouline presents the autobiography of Giancarlo Giammetti, Valentino's trusted business partner for fifty years. Beginning with his childhood in Rome under Nazi occupation and his chance meeting at a café with a certain rising fashion designer, Giammetti shares stories from his remarkable life. This beautiful collector's volume features in-depth interviews, recollections from his personal journals, and a curated selection of exclusive images from Giammetti's archive of 50,000 photos, vividly portraying the exciting world of fashion.
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