Gerta Vrbova's Books

Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

By: Gerta Vrbová,Olga Hudlicka,Kristin Schaefer Centofanti

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Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

By: Gerta Vrbová,Olga Hudlicka,Kristin Schaefer Centofanti

The first evidence that electrical changes can cause muscles to contract was p- vided by Galvani (1791). Galvani’s ideas about ‘animal electricity’ were explored during the 19th and 20th century when it was firmly established that ‘electricity’ is one of the most important mechanisms used for communication by the nervous system and muscle. These researches lead to the development of ever more soph- ticated equipment that could either record the electrical changes in nerves and muscles, or elicit functional changes by electrically stimulating these structures. It was indeed the combination of these two methods that elucidated many of the basic principles about the function of the nervous system. Following these exciting findings, it was discovered that electrical stimulation and the functions elicited by it also lead to long-term changes in the properties of nerves and particularly muscles. Recent findings help us to understand the mec- nisms by which activity induced by electrical stimulation can influence mature, fully differentiated cells, in particular muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Electrically elicited activity determines the properties of muscle fibres by activating a sequence of signalling pathways that change the gene expression of the muscle. Thus, elect- cal activity graduated from a simple mechanism that is used to elicit muscle c- traction, to a system that could induce permanent changes in muscles and modify most of its characteristic properties.

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Page Count

127

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1402082339

ISBN 13

9781402082337

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

By: Gerta Vrbova

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Nerve-Muscle Interaction

By: Gerta Vrbova

In the second century, Galen recognized that nerve and muscle were functionally inseparable since contraction of muscle occurred only if the nerves supplying that muscle were intact. He therefore concluded that the shortening of a muscle was controlled by the central nervous sytem while the extension of a muscle could occur in the absence of innervation. Nerves, he thought, were the means of transport for animal spirits to the muscles; the way in which animal spirits may bring about contraction dominated the study of muscle physiology from that time until the historical discovery of Galvani that muscle could be stimulated electrically and that nerve and muscle were themselves a source of electrical energy. It is now well known that nerves conduct electrically and that transmission from nerve to striated muscle is mediated by the chemical which is liberated from nerve terminals onto the muscle membrane. In vertebrates this chemical is acetylcholine (ACh). Thus the concept of spirits that are released from nerves and control muscle contraction directly, is no longer tenable. Nevertheless the concept of 'substances' transported down nerv~s which directly control many aspects of muscle has not been abandoned, and has in fact been frequently reinvoked to account for the long-term regula tion of many characteristics of muscle (see review by Gutmann, 1976) and for the maintenance of its structural integrity.

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246

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

9401095418

ISBN 13

9789401095419

Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

By: Gerta Vrbová,Olga Hudlicka,Kristin Schaefer Centofanti

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Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

By: Gerta Vrbová,Olga Hudlicka,Kristin Schaefer Centofanti

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

127

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1402082339

ISBN 13

9781402082337

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

By: Gerta Vrbova

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

By: Gerta Vrbova

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

246

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

9401095418

ISBN 13

9789401095419

Book's by Gerta Vrbova

Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

Application of Muscle/Nerve Stimulation in Health and Disease

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

Nerve-Muscle Interaction

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