This book presents first-year calculus roughly in the order in which it was first discovered. The first two chapters show how the ancient calculations of practical problems led to infinite series, differential and integral calculus and to differential equations. The establishment of mathematical rigour for these subjects in the 19th century for one and several variables is treated in chapters III and IV. Many quotations are included to give the flavor of the history. The text is complemented by a large number of examples, calculations and mathematical pictures and will provide stimulating and enjoyable reading for students, teachers, as well as researchers.
So far as I remember, I have never seen an Author's Pre face which had any purpose but one - to furnish reasons for the publication of the Book. " (Mark Twain) "Gauss' dictum, "when a building is completed no one should be able to see any trace of the scaffolding," is often used by mathematicians as an excuse for neglecting the motivation behind their own work and the history of their field. For tunately, the opposite sentiment is gaining strength, and numerous asides in this Essay show to which side go my sympathies. " (B. B. Mandelbrot, 1982) 'This gives us a good occasion to work out most of the book until the next year. " (the Authors in a letter, dated c. kt. 29, 1980, to Springer Verlag) There are two volumes, one on non-stiff equations, now finished, the second on stiff equations, in preparation. The first volume has three chapters, one on classical mathematical theory, one on Runge Kutta and extrapolation methods, and one on multistep methods. There is an Appendix containing some Fortran codes which we have written for our numerical examples. Each chapter is divided into sections. Numbers of formulas, theorems, tables and figures are consecutive in each section and indi cate, in addition, the section number, but not the chapter number. Cross references to other chapters are rare and are stated explicitly. The end of a proof is denoted by "QED" (quod erat demonstrandum).
A concise and authoritative introduction to scanning electron microscopy in the biological sciences In A Practical Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy distinguished electron microscopist Gerhard Wanner delivers a practical handbook for biological scientists working with microbial, plant, and animal cells and tissues, enabling them to successfully apply scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to their object of study. The book begins with an introduction to the principles of electron microscopy and the operation of electron microscopes before moving on to describe the preparation and mounting of specimens. It also explores the process of recoding images and their subsequent analysis, along with a wide range of advanced microscopy techniques, including cryo-SEM, FIB-SEM tomography, and stereo-SEM. Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Biosciences contains hundreds of carefully selected microscopic images, as well as hands-on, step-by-step guidance required to perform a successful TEM experiment. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to optics, electron microscopy, electrons, and the components of electron microscopes In-depth examinations of the preparation of biological specimens and specimen mounting for scanning electron microscopy A comparison of different SEM modes and their strengths and weaknesses An introduction to novel techniques such as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), array tomography, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy Perfect for cell biologists and microbiologists, A Practical Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Biosciences also belongs in the libraries of neurobiologists and biophysicists.
This book details the necessary numerical methods, the theoretical background and foundations and the techniques involved in creating computer particle models, including linked-cell method, SPME-method, tree codes, amd multipol technique. It illustrates modeling, discretization, algorithms and their parallel implementation with MPI on computer systems with distributed memory. The text offers step-by-step explanations of numerical simulation, providing illustrative code examples. With the description of the algorithms and the presentation of the results of various simulations from fields such as material science, nanotechnology, biochemistry and astrophysics, the reader of this book will learn how to write programs capable of running successful experiments for molecular dynamics.
This guide book to mathematics contains in handbook form the fundamental working knowledge of mathematics which is needed as an everyday guide for working scientists and engineers, as well as for students. Easy to understand, and convenient to use, this guide book gives concisely the information necessary to evaluate most problems which occur in concrete applications. For the 4th edition, the concept of the book has been completely re-arranged. The new emphasis is on those fields of mathematics that became more important for the formulation and modeling of technical and natural processes, namely Numerical Mathematics, Probability Theory and Statistics, as well as Information Processing.
Contains a collection of expository papers and advanced research articles which provide an overview the state of the art. Topics include new approaches to the mathematical characterization of spatiotemporal complexity as well as analysis of patterns in a variety of applied fields.
Comprehensive and practical, The Internet and CBT: A Clinical Guide describes how cognitive behavioural therapy can be delivered via the Internet, email, open access programmes, online communities and via smartphone. Detailing how these alternative methods of CBT support can be integrated within a busy practice, it is invaluable for all CBT clinicians and students wishing to find out more about assessing and supporting people in innovative ways. This book enables you to: Learn how to best give advice concerning online support communities and when to recommend guided self help online Understand how to integrate online and smartphone CBT delivery into your daily practice Explore the resources and treatment programmes available Perform online assessments Guide and supervise the people in your care Comprehend issues of patient confidentiality and what you need to do to ensure safe and ethical practice With its no-nonsense and down-to-earth approach, this book covers the dos and don'ts of CBT delivery online and via smartphone and provides a highly accessible guide for students and practitioners wishing to incorporate online CBT into their work. It will be of great interest to CBT clinicians, psychologists, psychotherapists, counsellors and mental health nurses.
Mechanised shield tunnelling has developed considerably since the publication of the first edition of this book. Challenging tunnel projects under difficult conditions demand innovative solutions, which has led to constant further development and innovation in process technology, constructions operations and the machines and materials used. The book collects the latest state of technology in mechanised shield tunnelling. It describes the basics of mechanised tunnelling technology and the various types of machines and gives calculation methods and constructural advice. Further chapters cover excavation tools, muck handling, tunnel support, surveying and steering as well as workplace safety. There is also detailled information about contractual aspects and process controlling.
The fundamental theorem of algebra states that any complex polynomial must have a complex root. This book examines three pairs of proofs of the theorem from three different areas of mathematics: abstract algebra, complex analysis and topology. The first proof in each pair is fairly straightforward and depends only on what could be considered elementary mathematics. However, each of these first proofs leads to more general results from which the fundamental theorem can be deduced as a direct consequence. These general results constitute the second proof in each pair. To arrive at each of the proofs, enough of the general theory of each relevant area is developed to understand the proof. In addition to the proofs and techniques themselves, many applications such as the insolvability of the quintic and the transcendence of e and pi are presented. Finally, a series of appendices give six additional proofs including a version of Gauss'original first proof. The book is intended for junior/senior level undergraduate mathematics students or first year graduate students, and would make an ideal "capstone" course in mathematics.
Derived from the highly acclaimed series Materials Science and Technology, this book covers the properties as well as the present and emerging applications of intermetallics. Mechanical characteristics, microstructure as well as the environmental influence on intermetallics are treated in depth. In addition, the prospects and risks inherent in materials development as well as typical applications of intermetallics are critically assessed. It is the author's aim to provide the basis for understanding the physical mechanisms, which influence the properties of the materials and ultimately their areas of application. Materials covered include: Titanium Aluminides and Related Phases * Nickel Aluminides and Related Phases * Iron Aluminides and Related Phases * Cu-Base Phases * A15 Phases * Laves Phases * Rare-Earth Compound * Beryllides * Silicides Intermetallics is a valuable source of information for researchers and graduate students working in materials science, metallurgy, condensed-matter physics, and engineering.
The subject of this book is the solution of stiff differential equations and of differential-algebraic systems. This second edition contains new material including new numerical tests, recent progress in numerical differential-algebraic equations, and improved FORTRAN codes. From the reviews: "A superb book...Throughout, illuminating graphics, sketches and quotes from papers of researchers in the field add an element of easy informality and motivate the text." --MATHEMATICS TODAY
This book deals with numerical methods that preserve properties of Hamiltonian systems, reversible systems, differential equations on manifolds and problems with highly oscillatory solutions. A complete self-contained theory of symplectic and symmetric methods, which include Runge-Kutta, composition, splitting, multistep and various specially designed integrators, is presented and their construction and practical merits are discussed. The long-time behaviour of the numerical solutions is studied using a backward error analysis (modified equations) combined with KAM theory. The book is illustrated by numerous figures, treats applications from physics and astronomy, and contains many numerical experiments and comparisons of different approaches.
This book deals with methods for solving nonstiff ordinary differential equations. The first chapter describes the historical development of the classical theory, and the second chapter includes a modern treatment of Runge-Kutta and extrapolation methods. Chapter three begins with the classical theory of multistep methods, and concludes with the theory of general linear methods. The reader will benefit from many illustrations, a historical and didactic approach, and computer programs which help him/her learn to solve all kinds of ordinary differential equations. This new edition has been rewritten and new material has been included.
A concise and authoritative introduction to scanning electron microscopy in the biological sciences In A Practical Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy distinguished electron microscopist Gerhard Wanner delivers a practical handbook for biological scientists working with microbial, plant, and animal cells and tissues, enabling them to successfully apply scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to their object of study. The book begins with an introduction to the principles of electron microscopy and the operation of electron microscopes before moving on to describe the preparation and mounting of specimens. It also explores the process of recoding images and their subsequent analysis, along with a wide range of advanced microscopy techniques, including cryo-SEM, FIB-SEM tomography, and stereo-SEM. Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Biosciences contains hundreds of carefully selected microscopic images, as well as hands-on, step-by-step guidance required to perform a successful TEM experiment. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to optics, electron microscopy, electrons, and the components of electron microscopes In-depth examinations of the preparation of biological specimens and specimen mounting for scanning electron microscopy A comparison of different SEM modes and their strengths and weaknesses An introduction to novel techniques such as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), array tomography, and cryo-scanning electron microscopy Perfect for cell biologists and microbiologists, A Practical Guide to Scanning Electron Microscopy in the Biosciences also belongs in the libraries of neurobiologists and biophysicists.
This book presents first-year calculus roughly in the order in which it was first discovered. The first two chapters show how the ancient calculations of practical problems led to infinite series, differential and integral calculus and to differential equations. The establishment of mathematical rigour for these subjects in the 19th century for one and several variables is treated in chapters III and IV. Many quotations are included to give the flavor of the history. The text is complemented by a large number of examples, calculations and mathematical pictures and will provide stimulating and enjoyable reading for students, teachers, as well as researchers.
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