Pigs are snug-fitting plugs which are able to perform various maintenance tasks such as cleaning or removing deposits or blockages in pipe and pipeline systems from the inside. A gaseous or liquid propellant is used to push the pig through the system. This strategy avoids rinsing loss of valuable product, provides reduction of adverse environmental impacts, and gains high efficiency for less investment. The book describes clearly and methodically the important basic equipment required for the planning and design of pigging units. Many practical examples are shown for the operation of industrial pigging units, drawn from the authors' longtime experience in this technology. In this form and scope the book is an unrivaled presentation of this technology. Engineers and chemists who plan, construct, operate and maintain production plants in the chemical, food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and petrochemical industry will find an invaluable source of advice and reference for pigging units.
The study focuses on the mutual transfer of military knowledge between the German and the Ottoman/ Turkish army between the 1908 Young Turk revolution and the death of Atatürk in 1938. Whereas the Ottoman and later the Turkish army were the main beneficiaries of this selective appropriation, the German armed forces evaluated their (prospective) ally’s military experiences to a lesser extent. Through the analysis of archival and published sources and memoir literature the study provides evidence for the impact of this exchange on the armies of both countries and on the Turkish civil society. Indeed, the officer corps in both countries was a small but influential group of the society for the further development of their nations.
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