The Svabhavikasutra is the original text on which the Bhagavadgita has been interpolated. The additions include reference to caste and the system of four classes, with a religious devotion to the god Krishna, and a war as background. The roots of the Bhagavadgita, the Svabhavikasutra, focuses on a deep spiritual philosophy, without a reference to a caste system, or to Arjuna or Krishna, or to a war.
The Shiva Sutra was revealed to and written down by Vasugupta (ca 875--925 CE). The Sutra is considered mystical and of divine origin. For Kashmir Shaivism, it is one of the most important key sources. It outlines the teachings of Shaiva non-dualism, where the focus is on attaining the Ultimate Reality in which everything is created and dissolved. This ultimate state is called Param Shiva and is beyond description. For attaining this state of Shiva for those who remember to reside in their own inherent-self-nature, which is of the nature of Shiva, no effort or no way is needed. For everyone else there are three ways for the attainment of Param Shiva described in the Shiva Sutra. There is no strict order given for meditating on the Sutra. It depends on one's stage of evolution. Translation from the original Sanskrit with notes.
The traditional number of verses of the Gita is defined by the teacher Sankara (788-820 CE) as being 700. However, a number of 745 verses results from the Gitamana, an inserted stanza that gives the number of verses spoken by each speaker in the Gita. The Gitamana is found mostly in Kashmirian versions of the Mahabharata, inserted directly after the Bhagavadgita, and is not found in Bengali and southern recensions. The Gitamana is placed just before the 51 verses of the Gitasara, which is the summary of the Gita. Adding the Gitasara to the Bhagavadgita extends the Bhagavadgita, and can be made to comply with the specifications given in the Gitamana. Perhaps this is the first translation into English of the Gitasara, revealing thoughts not found in the Gita and worth meditating on, even the passages that are difficult.
This work aims for a translation close to what is found in the Sanskrit text. All translators make choices based on their background and understanding of the context of a text. Not knowing Sanskrit, a reader has to accept the translator's choices. By providing a dictionary, which includes the inflected forms occurring in the Sanskrit verses, the reader can accept the translation, change it, and/or gain a deeper understanding of the Sanskrit verse under consideration. Using the Index of Verb Forms, a student of Sanskrit can find examples of inflected forms applied in the 320 verses of the Bhagavadgita translated in this book. The Index of Meanings gives the underlying meaning of the root of a verb. In the introduction to each chapter, comments on the Svabhavikasutra and the Bhagavadgita are compared.
The Shiva Sutra was revealed to and written down by Vasugupta (ca 875--925 CE). The Sutra is considered mystical and of divine origin. For Kashmir Shaivism, it is one of the most important key sources. It outlines the teachings of Shaiva non-dualism, where the focus is on attaining the Ultimate Reality in which everything is created and dissolved. This ultimate state is called Param Shiva and is beyond description. For attaining this state of Shiva for those who remember to reside in their own inherent-self-nature, which is of the nature of Shiva, no effort or no way is needed. For everyone else there are three ways for the attainment of Param Shiva described in the Shiva Sutra. There is no strict order given for meditating on the Sutra. It depends on one's stage of evolution. Translation from the original Sanskrit with notes.
The traditional number of verses of the Gita is defined by the teacher Sankara (788-820 CE) as being 700. However, a number of 745 verses results from the Gitamana, an inserted stanza that gives the number of verses spoken by each speaker in the Gita. The Gitamana is found mostly in Kashmirian versions of the Mahabharata, inserted directly after the Bhagavadgita, and is not found in Bengali and southern recensions. The Gitamana is placed just before the 51 verses of the Gitasara, which is the summary of the Gita. Adding the Gitasara to the Bhagavadgita extends the Bhagavadgita, and can be made to comply with the specifications given in the Gitamana. Perhaps this is the first translation into English of the Gitasara, revealing thoughts not found in the Gita and worth meditating on, even the passages that are difficult.
The Svabhavikasutra is the original text on which the Bhagavadgita has been interpolated. The additions include reference to caste and the system of four classes, with a religious devotion to the god Krishna, and a war as background. The roots of the Bhagavadgita, the Svabhavikasutra, focuses on a deep spiritual philosophy, without a reference to a caste system, or to Arjuna or Krishna, or to a war.
This work aims for a translation close to what is found in the Sanskrit text. All translators make choices based on their background and understanding of the context of a text. Not knowing Sanskrit, a reader has to accept the translator's choices. By providing a dictionary, which includes the inflected forms occurring in the Sanskrit verses, the reader can accept the translation, change it, and/or gain a deeper understanding of the Sanskrit verse under consideration. Using the Index of Verb Forms, a student of Sanskrit can find examples of inflected forms applied in the 320 verses of the Bhagavadgita translated in this book. The Index of Meanings gives the underlying meaning of the root of a verb. In the introduction to each chapter, comments on the Svabhavikasutra and the Bhagavadgita are compared.
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