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Less than 50 years ago it was discovered that steady-state protein concentrations in plasma are the net result of continuous elimination and synthesis of protein molecules. The first quanti tative studies on the turnover and distribution of plasma pro teins were made around 1950, after the introduction of radio labeled protein preparations. Around 1970, another development in quantitative interpre tation of circulating proteins was initiated in clinical enzy mology. Estimation of cumulative release into plasma of cellular enzymes can be helpful in a variety of diseases to assess the extent of tissue damage and to evaluate therapy. Enzymes can be considered as biological tracers, i.e. minute quantities of protein can be accurately determined by their spe cific catalytic activities. However, radioactive tracers permit direct estimates of turnover and distr ibution by measurement of excreted radioactivity, possibilities that are not available for enzymes. Consequently, only a few techniques used in tracer studies with radiolabeled proteins can be applied to circulating tissue enzymes and this may explain the lack of communication between the fields of plasma protein metabolism and quantitative clinical enzymology. In the present study a summary is given of the basic methods used in both fields, with emphasis on the equivalence of various models and formalisms used by different authors. It is shown that major limitations in the study of circulating tissue enzymes can be overcome if two different, but simultaneously released, en zymes can be measured. The resulting method will also be applied to plasma protein metabolism.
This new companion to Hochberg et al.'s Rheumatology masterwork provides new insights into the causes, detection and therapy of this challenging disease. In this state-of-the-art resource, you'll find ‘one stop' coverage of all the latest scientific and clinical developments in SLE: new concepts in epidemiology, disease activity measures and outcomes; new concepts in immunoregulation, genetic and pathogenic mechanisms; new understanding and novel presentation of the processes of tissue/organ damage; comprehensive coverage of clinical features; and the very latest concepts in treatment. Provides the very latest understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE. Distills current understanding of the cellular, molecular, genetic and environmental factors that instigate and drive the disease. Includes comprehensive coverage of clinical features, including fatigue, organ system manifestations, overlap syndromes, infections, and more. Conveys the very latest understanding of mechanisms of tissue damage, including immune complexes, antibodies, and other mechanisms that lead to organ damage. Contains expert discussion of processes that are responsible for tissue injury - a hallmark of this text. Incorporates the latest treatment modalities, including steroids and non-steroidals, cytotoxic drug treatment, PAP's, and therapies on the horizon. Discusses the latest treatment options on disease modifying or disease controlling agents.
The main objective of the Water Framework Directive in the European countries is to achieve a “good status” of all the water bodies, in the integrated management of river basins. In order to assess the impact of improvement measures, water quality models are necessary. During the previous decades the progress in computer technology and computational methods has supported the development of advanced mathematical models for pollutant transport in rivers and streams. This book is intended to provide the fundamental knowledge needed for a deeper understanding of these models and the development of new ones, which will fulfil future quality requirements in water resources management. This book focuses on the fundamentals of computational techniques required in water quality modelling. Advection, dispersion and concentrated sources or sinks of contaminants lead to the formulation of the fundamental differential equation of pollutant transport. Its integration, according to appropriate initial and boundary conditions and with the knowledge of the velocity field, allows for pollutant behaviour to be assessed in the entire water body. An analytical integration is convenient only in one-dimensional approach with considerable simplification. Integration in the numerical field is useful for taking into account particular aspects of water body and pollutants. To ensure their reliability, the models require accurate calibration and validation, based on proper data, taken from direct measurements. In addition, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are also of utmost importance. All the above items are discussed in detail in the 21 chapters of the book, which is written in a didactic form for professionals and students.
Confidently diagnose and treat common pregnancy complications with this unique algorithmic approach Maternal Medicine is point-of-care reference designed to help you effectively treat conditions that often coexist with pregnancy. Focusing primarily on diagnosis and management with the goal of limiting complications early, the chapters focus on specific conditions rather than organ systems. This practical guide is designed to impart important relevant information that enables you to deliver patient care based on recommendations provided by experts in each field and grounded in the latest clinical evidence (when available). The authors have carefully selected topics that reflect conditions most often encountered in clinical practice. Coverage of each topic includes antepartum, intra-partum, and post-partum management, enabling you to deliver complete, uninterrupted patient care. You will find all the data you need in one convenient reference, including tables, tips, medication dosages, contraindications, lab values, diagnostic criteria, management algorithms, and levels of evidence. Luis D. Pacheco, MD is Associate Professor, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Anesthesiology, Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Surgical Critical Care, Director of Project # Obstetrical Patient Safety, and Director of Residency Education Program in Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. George R. Saade, MD is Jennie Sealy Smith Distinguished Chair, Professor of ObGyn and Cell Biology, Chief of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Director of Perinatal Research Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Gary D.V. Hankins, MD is Professor and Chairman, Garland D. Anderson, MD Distinguished University Chair in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
Synthesis and Optimization of DSP Algorithms describes approaches taken to synthesising structural hardware descriptions of digital circuits from high-level descriptions of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms. The book contains: -A tutorial on the subjects of digital design and architectural synthesis, intended for DSP engineers, -A tutorial on the subject of DSP, intended for digital designers, -A discussion of techniques for estimating the peak values likely to occur in a DSP system, thus enabling an appropriate signal scaling. Analytic techniques, simulation techniques, and hybrids are discussed. The applicability of different analytic approaches to different types of DSP design is covered, -The development of techniques to optimise the precision requirements of a DSP algorithm, aiming for efficient implementation in a custom parallel processor. The idea is to trade-off numerical accuracy for area or power-consumption advantages. Again, both analytic and simulation techniques for estimating numerical accuracy are described and contrasted. Optimum and heuristic approaches to precision optimisation are discussed, -A discussion of the importance of the scheduling, allocation, and binding problems, and development of techniques to automate these processes with reference to a precision-optimized algorithm, -Future perspectives for synthesis and optimization of DSP algorithms.
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