Do you know the real facts about Medicare? Even before Medicare was created in 1965, more than three out of four seniors were protected by a safety net for medical assistance financed by federal and state government revenues. The average life expectancy for older Americans was on the rise long before Medicare began paying their health care bills. Today, Medicare's insurance coverage is so limited that it doesn't protect seniors against catastrophic medical costs. It also fails to cover many routine health services outside the hospital, such as prescription drugs, dental care, eye examinations, and physical examinations. Seniors now are paying nearly as large a share of their income for out-of-pocket health care costs as they were before Medicare. But they cannot refuse Medicare's hospital coverage unless they forfeit all of their Social Security retirement benefits. And the federal government effectively prohibits Medicare beneficiaries from paying physicians privately for Medicare-covered services. Most Americans, and even most seniors, know little or nothing about Medicare and the efforts being made to reform it. Blevins examines the program's origins, evolution, and future policy options. She recounts how Medicare was created as part of a larger plan for universal health insurance. Blevins points out how Medicare costs grew far beyond the original estimates used to muster political support for the program. She finds that Medicare restricts health care choices, jeopardizes the doctor-patient relationship, and threatens to invade the medical privacy of seniors. We won't regain control over our health care until we learn the lessons revealed through an examination of Medicare's history and consider the steps Blevins recommends for dealing with Medicare today.
First published in 1985, The Military in South American Politics analyses the nature of military involvement in politics in Latin America. The author presents many original arguments in the course of his discussion of the key issues. These include: the civil-military system, whereby the military exert power and influence even when they are not in government; how this system and also military professionalism have developed over time; how the “corporatist” ethic of South America military differs from the “partisan” ethic of the military in Central American and Caribbean countries and the consequences of this; how there are different types of coups; how the military find it difficult to disengage; how the military often intervene to exercise the principle of “guardianship” in order to preserve the fabric of society and economy which, in South America, are remarkably stable despite the many coups. Throughout, the author draws on examples from all Latin American countries from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards and summarises the existing literature to support his rich and convincing arguments. The book concludes with a summary of the arguments and with a discussion of trends and the prospects for “real” democratisation. It is a must read for students and researchers of Latin American politics and military studies.
That's not a statement of the amount forcibly redistributed, but of the amount spent in effecting the forcible transfer of resources. And, as the authors show, this is a very conservative estimate of the deadweight losses associated with the transfer society.".
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