A multidisciplinary and accessible introduction to humanitys favorite structure: the bridge. Whether you are a student considering a career in civil engineering and transportation planning, a public official interested in the future of infrastructure, or a person who simply cares about bridges, this book offers an accessible and illustrated introduction to the most beloved feature of our built environment. Learn about engineering basics: the forces that bridges must resist to stay aloft and the principles by which engineers decide which types of bridges make sense at which sites. Find out how engineers protect bridges from their greatest threatsthe earthquakes, floods, and other hazards that can cause catastrophic damage. Moving from engineering to planning, learn how we decide whether a bridge is worth building in the first place, learn about controversial features of cost-benefit analysis, and about the transportation models by which planners forecast bridge effects on traffic patterns. Investigate a sometimes intractable problem: why a project often creeps along for a decade or more to get from initial studies to the day the ribbon is cut, undergoing vast cost escalations. Also explore the environmental impact of bridges, and the meaning of a sustainable bridge, and whether bridges could once again be built, like ancient Roman ones, to last a thousand years. Authoritative, comprehensive, and fun to read, this book is for everyone interested in bridges, from the lay reader to the techie who likes to see how things work. It also will serve as an excellent companion to beginning design students in architecture and engineering, and it should be on the shelf of civil engineers, architects, and contractors, too. Robert E. Paaswell, City College of New York This work will help educated but nonspecialist decision makers to appreciate the complexity of bridge design, construction, and maintenance in making decisions that impact bridges. Niraj Verma, Virginia Commonwealth University
This synthesis reports bridge inspection practices in the United States and selected foreign countries. The synthesis is a collection of information on formal inspection practices of departments of transportation (DOTs). These are primarily visual inspections and they provide data to bridge registries and databases. For U.S. inspection practices, this synthesis reports on inspection personnel, inspection types, and inspection quality control and quality assurance. Staff titles and functions in inspection programs are reported, together with qualifications and training of personnel, formation of inspection teams, and assignment of teams to bridges. Inspection types are described in terms of their scope, methods, and intervals. Quality control and quality assurance programs are reviewed in terms of the procedures employed, staff involved, quality measurements obtained, and the use of quality findings in DOT inspection programs. Foreign practices are presented in the same organization of inspection personnel, types, and quality programs. Comparisons of U.S. and foreign inspection practices are included. Information was obtained from a questionnaire sent to U.S. state transportation departments, similar questionnaires modified individually for transportation agencies in selected foreign countries, and formal documents used by transportation departments and agencies. These documents primarily included bridge inspection manuals, inspection training manuals, and technical memoranda, but also included blank forms for inspections, DOTs job descriptions for inspectors, and descriptions of inspection training courses. Overall, this synthesis includes information from forty U.S. state transportation departments and from roads agencies in eight foreign nations (Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Norway, South Africa, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). The synthesis also includes, in an appendix, information from a few provincial and municipal transport agencies in Canada.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 668: Framework for a National Database System for Maintenance Actions on Highway Bridges explores a potential framework that provides a uniform format for collecting, reporting, and storing information on bridge maintenance actions for inclusion in a national bridge maintenance database. Appendixes A through E to NCHRP Report 668 provide detailed information on the different aspects of the research. Appendix A: Information on Bridge Maintenance Programs; Appendix B: National Bridge Maintenance Database Tables; Appendix C: List of Element Level Costs of Maintenance Actions; Appendix D: Examples of National Bridge Maintenance Database Uses; Appendix E: Other National Bridge Maintenance Database Tables--
This work was commissioned by the Highways Agency to produce guidance for bridge designers by addressing the thermally induced soil/structure integration problem created by environmental changes of temperature and the associated cyclical displacements imposed on the granular backfill to the bridge abutments. It develops a better theoretical understanding of the cyclic performance, in particular the strain racheting in the backfill soil when in contact with a stiff structure. It also identifies the governing soil parameters and examines their influence in the interaction problem, develops numerical modelling procedures to predict interactive soil behaviour, and identifies and quantifies the controlling features of bridge structures relevant to the interaction problem.
Mail communication between London and Ireland was very important for both official and trade purposes from the 15th Century. From the mid 16th Century a number of designated ports were used to ship the mail to Ireland and posts were laid to those ports along defined routes, however, these routes were subject to change. This book identifies the ports, when they were used and presents the history of the changes to those routes from that early time until 1850. Detailed descriptions of the routes are given in text, tables and figures showing how they changed over these years, together with a discussion of those changes and a commentary on the improvements that were made to the roads over the years, particularly in the difficult areas of North Wales, South Wales and South West Scotland. Also included is the history of the Edinburgh to Portpatrick route. Finally the effect of the introduction of the railways on the carriage of mail to Ireland is described.
Work for the series »Placenames of the Isle of Man« is undertaken under the auspices of the Manx Place-Name Survey, set up at the University of Mannheim in 1988. The survey falls into two parts: material collected from a) oral, and b) documentary sources. Place-name material, mostly Manx Gaelic, for the first part, was collected on sound-recordings or in phonetic script 1989-1992 from some 200 informants, almost exclusively from the farming community. The second part contains material drawn from documentary sources of 13th-20th century date, but mostly from 17th-19th centuries. This is the final volume in the series »Placenames of the Isle of Man«. Six volumes, based on the Sheadings (districts) of Glenfaba, Michael, Ayre, Garff, Middle and Rushen, are already published. Volume 7 includes the town of Douglas (capital), place-name and field-name addenda, as well as complete indexes of place-name elements, place-names, field-names, and personal names. In addition are the following four articles: »Place-Names and the Physical and Human Geography of the Isle of Man: an Overview« (Peter Darvey), »Pre-Scandinavian Place-Names in the Isle of Man« (George Broderick), »The Scandinavian Element in the Place-Names of the Isle of Man« (Gillian Fellows-Jensen), and »Common Elements in Manx Place-Names« (George Broderick). To complete the volume are 17 parish maps containing the traditional land divisions of treen and quarterland.
Urban Water Infrastructure Planning, Management, and Operations Neil S. Grigg ". discusses the factors that lead to effective management of water systems in urban areas." --Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation Unique in its orientation for managers, Urban Water Infrastructure focuses on the productive management of urban water systems by laying out its discussion in terms of the system as a whole, how a system's component elements work together, how much they cost to build and operate, and the sociopolitical forces that guide the productive operation. This easily accessible reference is aimed at engineers, planners, and managers, teaching both the theoretical and practical aspects of urban water management. 1986 (0 471-82914-5) 328 pp. A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning Third Edition Harvey M. Rubenstein "Perhaps the strongest feature of the book is the inclusive, comprehensive, and logical analysis within each of the chapters . All in all, I can highly recommend this book to anyone engaged in site planning, or interested in site plans developed by others." --Landscape Planning This Third Edition incorporates pertinent research of the past decade and presents an approach to design based on factual information that enables creative talent to be used to its utmost advantage. Chapters follow phases used in the development of a site plan and include extensive information on: site selection, resource analysis, land use, storm drainage, alignment of horizontal and vertical curves, specifications, sports facilities and play-grounds, rooftop gardens, residential development concepts, and much more. 1987 (0 471-85033-0) 410 pp. Infrastructure Engineering and Management Neil Grigg Here is the first technical and management book to focus on solutions to complex, large-scale problems involving major infrastructure projects. The wide-ranging text covers such systems as roads and streets, water and wastewater, waste management, buildings and structures, and energy facilities. Infrastructure Engineering and Management gives an in-depth knowledge of several key subjects relating technology to management: planning, programming, and budgeting; finance, organization, and private sector involvement; operations and maintenance; project management; and research needs. 1988 (0 471-84974-X) 380 pp.
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