One of the central questions of political science has been whether politicians control the bureaucracy, or whether the bureaucracy possesses independent authority from democratic institutions of government. Relying on advanced statistical techniques and case studies, George Krause argues instead for a dynamic system of influence—one allowing for two-way interaction among the president, congress, and bureaucratic agencies. Krause argues that politicians and those responsible for implementing policy respond not only to each other, but also to events and conditions within each government institution as well as to the larger policy environment. His analysis and conclusions will challenge conventional theoretical and empirical wisdom in the field of administrative politics and public bureaucracy.
One of the central questions of political science has been whether politicians control the bureaucracy, or whether the bureaucracy possesses independent authority from democratic institutions of government. Relying on advanced statistical techniques and case studies, George Krause argues instead for a dynamic system of influence—one allowing for two-way interaction among the president, congress, and bureaucratic agencies. Krause argues that politicians and those responsible for implementing policy respond not only to each other, but also to events and conditions within each government institution as well as to the larger policy environment. His analysis and conclusions will challenge conventional theoretical and empirical wisdom in the field of administrative politics and public bureaucracy.
In legislatures, group dynamics affect how the legislature operates, who is valued enough to play a critical decision-making role, and what voices matter in determining policy outcomes. An increase in a minority group's size within democratically-elected legislatures actually leads to the devaluation of individual minority group members. The authors assert that representative institutions such as legislatures face a 'diversity paradox': when the size of a minority group increases beyond mere 'tokenism' in representative institutions, it tends to create an unintended backlash toward the minority group's members that emanates from both majority and fellow minority group members. The inclusion of minority group voices in representative institutions is critical in a wide range of political decisions, ranging from legislative gender quotas in the new Iraqi constitution to attempts in the U.S. to increase minority representation through redistricting.
What is thinking but the courage to work alone developing concepts that are lasting because they grow out of a living relationship to a subject matter. Academic fashions come and go while the thought of the social anthropologist George Becker remains the contemporary of the future. Here assembled by his student and friend, the psychiatrist Jon Lewis, some of the essential papers unpublished in Beckers lifetime. The range is great: from Female Delinquency to Jonestown. The depth is compelling. The critique of other thinkers in the field are incisive. And a final virtue: the style is clear, without the need for scholarly obfuscations. Walter A Davis, Professor of English Emeritus, Ohio State University. Author of Deaths Dream Kingdom, Deracination and Inwardness and Existence.
Stochastic modeling is a set of quantitative techniques for analyzing practical systems with random factors. This area is highly technical and mainly developed by mathematicians. Most existing books are for those with extensive mathematical training; this book minimizes that need and makes the topics easily understandable. Fundamentals of Stochastic Models offers many practical examples and applications and bridges the gap between elementary stochastics process theory and advanced process theory. It addresses both performance evaluation and optimization of stochastic systems and covers different modern analysis techniques such as matrix analytical methods and diffusion and fluid limit methods. It goes on to explore the linkage between stochastic models, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, and discusses how to make use of intuitive approaches instead of traditional theoretical approaches. The goal is to minimize the mathematical background of readers that is required to understand the topics covered in this book. Thus, the book is appropriate for professionals and students in industrial engineering, business and economics, computer science, and applied mathematics.
For some time I have been preparing a general work on primitive superstition and religion. Among the problems which had attracted my attention was the hitherto unexplained rule of the Arician priesthood; and last spring it happened that in the course of my reading I came across some facts which, combined with others I had noted before, suggested an explanation of the rule in question. As the explanation, if correct, promised to throw light on some obscure features of primitive religion, I resolved to develop it fully, and, detaching it from my general work, to issue it as a separate study. This book is the result. Now that the theory, which necessarily presented itself to me at first in outline, has been worked out in detail, I cannot but feel that in some places I may have pushed it too far. If this should prove to have been the case, I will readily acknowledge and retract my error as soon as it is brought home to me. Meantime my essay may serve its purpose as a first attempt to solve a difficult problem, and to bring a variety of scattered facts into some sort of order and system. A justification is perhaps needed of the length at which I have dwelt upon the popular festivals observed by European peasants in spring, at midsummer, and at harvest. It can hardly be too often repeated, since it is not yet generally recognised, that in spite of their fragmentary character the popular superstitions and customs of the peasantry are by far the fullest and most trustworthy evidence we possess as to the primitive religion of the Aryans. Indeed the primitive Aryan, in all that regards his mental fibre and texture, is not extinct. He is amongst us to this day. The great intellectual and moral forces which have revolutionised the educated world have scarcely affected the peasant. In his inmost beliefs he is what his forefathers were in the days when forest trees still grew and squirrels played on the ground where Rome and London now stand.
A comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system designfrom a contemporary perspective Thermal Design and Optimization offers readers a lucid introductionto the latest methodologies for the design of thermal systems andemphasizes engineering economics, system simulation, andoptimization methods. The methods of exergy analysis, entropygeneration minimization, and thermoeconomics are incorporated in anevolutionary manner. This book is one of the few sources available that addresses therecommendations of the Accreditation Board for Engineering andTechnology for new courses in design engineering. Intended forclassroom use as well as self-study, the text provides a review offundamental concepts, extensive reference lists, end-of-chapterproblem sets, helpful appendices, and a comprehensive case studythat is followed throughout the text. Contents include: * Introduction to Thermal System Design * Thermodynamics, Modeling, and Design Analysis * Exergy Analysis * Heat Transfer, Modeling, and Design Analysis * Applications with Heat and Fluid Flow * Applications with Thermodynamics and Heat and Fluid Flow * Economic Analysis * Thermoeconomic Analysis and Evaluation * Thermoeconomic Optimization Thermal Design and Optimization offers engineering students,practicing engineers, and technical managers a comprehensive andrigorous introduction to thermal system design and optimizationfrom a distinctly contemporary perspective. Unlike traditionalbooks that are largely oriented toward design analysis andcomponents, this forward-thinking book aligns itself with anincreasing number of active designers who believe that moreeffective, system-oriented design methods are needed. Thermal Design and Optimization offers a lucid presentation ofthermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics as they areapplied to the design of thermal systems. This book broadens thescope of engineering design by placing a strong emphasis onengineering economics, system simulation, and optimizationtechniques. Opening with a concise review of fundamentals, itdevelops design methods within a framework of industrialapplications that gradually increase in complexity. Theseapplications include, among others, power generation by large andsmall systems, and cryogenic systems for the manufacturing,chemical, and food processing industries. This unique book draws on the best contemporary thinking aboutdesign and design methodology, including discussions of concurrentdesign and quality function deployment. Recent developments basedon the second law of thermodynamics are also included, especiallythe use of exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, andthermoeconomics. To demonstrate the application of important designprinciples introduced, a single case study involving the design ofa cogeneration system is followed throughout the book. In addition, Thermal Design and Optimization is one of the best newsources available for meeting the recommendations of theAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology for more designemphasis in engineering curricula. Supported by extensive reference lists, end-of-chapter problemsets, and helpful appendices, this is a superb text for both theclassroom and self-study, and for use in industrial design,development, and research. A detailed solutions manual is availablefrom the publisher.
In the historical record there is abundant evidence that obesity was a medical and health concern as long as medicine has been practiced. The idea of diet and exercise are bulwarks in the fight against obesity in history from the time of Hippocrates to the 16th century-a span of 2,000 years. Examining the history and etiology of the obesity epidemic, this book discusses various requirements of effective intervention and treatment strategies. The first section covers the history of obesity, defines and evaluates the clinical presentation of the pathology, discusses its prevalence in the population, and explains common analytical measurements. Chapters include genetics and genetic factors, modern consequences of obesity, and quality of life issues. The second section introduces prevention strategies in children and adults, such as dietary and lifestyle changes, medication, and surgical interventions.
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