Geographical Sciences Committee's Books

Assessment of the NASA Applied Sciences Program

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Extending Observations and Research Results to Practical Applications: A Review of NASA's Approach

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Assessment of the NASA Applied Sciences Program

Remote sensing data and models from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are the basis for a wide spectrum of scientific research endeavors and are key inputs to many public and private services. The NASA Applied Sciences Program (ASP) and its precursors have been tasked with ensuring the extension of NASA Earth observation data and associated research into practical applications for society through external partnerships. With approximately five years having elapsed under the current ASP structure, and a growing government-wide emphasis on societal benefits in its Earth observing programs, NASA and the ASP leadership asked the National Research Council to assess ASP's approach in extending NASA research results to practical, societal applications. The report recommends that ASP partnerships should focus not only federal agencies but alsoon direct engagement of the broader community of users. The report also recommends that ASP enhance communication and feedback mechanisms with its partners, with the end users and beneficiaries of NASA data and research, and with the NASA organization.

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Page Count

160

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309179335

ISBN 13

9780309179331

Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Identifying Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

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Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

The central purpose of all research is to create new knowledge. In the geographical sciences this is driven by a desire to create new knowledge about the relations between space, place, and the anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic features and processes of the Earth. But some research goes beyond these modest aims and creates new opportunities for further research, or affects the process of knowledge acquisition more broadly, or changes the way other researchers in a domain think about the world and go about their business. Due to its positive impacts, transformative research can be regarded as inherently having greater value than more conventional research, and funding agencies clearly regard transformative research as something to be encouraged and funded through special programs. Assessments of transformative research funding initiatives are few and provide a mixed picture of their effectiveness. The challenge is whether transformative research can be identified at the time it is proposed rather than after it has been conducted, communicated, and its influence on the discipline has become clear. Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences reviews how transformative research has emerged in the past, what its early markers were, and makes recommendations for how it can be nurtured in the future.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309389348

ISBN 13

9780309389341

Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

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Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309389348

ISBN 13

9780309389341

Learning to Think Spatially

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Support for Thinking Spatially: The Incorporation of Geographic Information Science Across the K-12 Curriculum

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Learning to Think Spatially

Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of Kâ€"12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the Kâ€"12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.

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333

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092086

ISBN 13

9780309092081

Understanding the Changing Planet

Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade

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Understanding the Changing Planet

Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade

From the oceans to continental heartlands, human activities have altered the physical characteristics of Earth's surface. With Earth's population projected to peak at 8 to 12 billion people by 2050 and the additional stress of climate change, it is more important than ever to understand how and where these changes are happening. Innovation in the geographical sciences has the potential to advance knowledge of place-based environmental change, sustainability, and the impacts of a rapidly changing economy and society. Understanding the Changing Planet outlines eleven strategic directions to focus research and leverage new technologies to harness the potential that the geographical sciences offer.

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173

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309157234

ISBN 13

9780309157230

Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Workshop Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on the Earth System Science for Decisions About Human Welfare: Contributions of Remote Sensing

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Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Workshop Report

Land remote sensing: the use of space-based satellite technologies to obtain information on environmental variables such as land-use and land-covering combination with other types of data can provide information on changes in the Earth's surface and atmosphere that are critical for forecasting and responding to human welfare issues, such as disease outbreaks, food shortages, and floods. This book summarizes a workshop on the potential contributions of remotely sensed data to land-use and land-cover change and ways to use physical, biological, temporal, and social characteristics of particular locations to support decisions about human welfare. The discussions focused on human health and food security, two aspects of human welfare in which remotely-sensed environmental conditions play a key role. Examples illustrating the possibilities for applying remote sensing for societal benefit are included throughout the report. As a result of the workshop, three themes were identified that, if fostered, could help realize the potential for the application of land remote sensing to decisions about human welfare: (1) integration of spatial data on environmental conditions derived from remote sensing with socioeconomic data; (2) communication between remote sensing scientists and decision makers to determine effective use of land remote sensing data for human welfare issues; and (3) acquisition and access to long-term environmental data and development of capacity to interpret these data.

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112

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309102952

ISBN 13

9780309102957

Advancing Land Change Modeling

Opportunities and Research Requirements

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Needs and Research Requirements for Land Change Modeling

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Advancing Land Change Modeling

Opportunities and Research Requirements

People are constantly changing the land surface through construction, agriculture, energy production, and other activities. Changes both in how land is used by people (land use) and in the vegetation, rock, buildings, and other physical material that cover the Earth's surface (land cover) can be described and future land change can be projected using land-change models (LCMs). LCMs are a key means for understanding how humans are reshaping the Earth's surface in the past and present, for forecasting future landscape conditions, and for developing policies to manage our use of resources and the environment at scales ranging from an individual parcel of land in a city to vast expanses of forests around the world. Advancing Land Change Modeling: Opportunities and Research Requirements describes various LCM approaches, suggests guidance for their appropriate application, and makes recommendations to improve the integration of observation strategies into the models. This report provides a summary and evaluation of several modeling approaches, and their theoretical and empirical underpinnings, relative to complex land-change dynamics and processes, and identifies several opportunities for further advancing the science, data, and cyberinfrastructure involved in the LCM enterprise. Because of the numerous models available, the report focuses on describing the categories of approaches used along with selected examples, rather than providing a review of specific models. Additionally, because all modeling approaches have relative strengths and weaknesses, the report compares these relative to different purposes. Advancing Land Change Modeling's recommendations for assessment of future data and research needs will enable model outputs to better assist the science, policy, and decisionsupport communities.

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267

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309288363

ISBN 13

9780309288361

Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience

A Workshop Report

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Science Committee,Committee on Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience

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Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience

A Workshop Report

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) on the United States prompted a rethinking of how the United States prepares for disasters. Federal policy documents written since 9/11 have stressed that the private and public sectors share equal responsibility for the security of the nation's critical infrastructure and key assets. Private sector entities have a role in the safety, security, and resilience of the communities in which they operate. Incentivizing the private sector to expend resources on community efforts remains challenging. Disasters in the United States since 9/11 (e.g., Hurricane Katrina in 2005) indicate that the nation has not yet been successful in making its communities resilient to disaster. In this book, the National Research Council assesses the current states of the art and practice in private-public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community disaster resilience.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309151066

ISBN 13

9780309151061

Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Geographical Sciences Committee,Committee on Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience

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Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration

Natural disasters-including hurricanes, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and floods-caused more than 220,000 deaths worldwide in the first half of 2010 and wreaked havoc on homes, buildings, and the environment. To withstand and recover from natural and human-caused disasters, it is essential that citizens and communities work together to anticipate threats, limit their effects, and rapidly restore functionality after a crisis. Increasing evidence indicates that collaboration between the private and public sectors could improve the ability of a community to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters. Several previous National Research Council reports have identified specific examples of the private and public sectors working cooperatively to reduce the effects of a disaster by implementing building codes, retrofitting buildings, improving community education, or issuing extreme-weather warnings. State and federal governments have acknowledged the importance of collaboration between private and public organizations to develop planning for disaster preparedness and response. Despite growing ad hoc experience across the country, there is currently no comprehensive framework to guide private-public collaboration focused on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Building Community Disaster Resilience through Private-Public Collaboration assesses the current state of private-public sector collaboration dedicated to strengthening community resilience, identifies gaps in knowledge and practice, and recommends research that could be targeted for investment. Specifically, the book finds that local-level private-public collaboration is essential to the development of community resilience. Sustainable and effective resilience-focused private-public collaboration is dependent on several basic principles that increase communication among all sectors of the community, incorporate flexibility into collaborative networks, and encourage regular reassessment of collaborative missions, goals, and practices.

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Page Count

142

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309162637

ISBN 13

9780309162630

Understanding the Changing Planet

Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade

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Understanding the Changing Planet

Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Strategic Directions for the Geographical Sciences in the Next Decade

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Page Count

172

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309150752

ISBN 13

9780309150750

Book's by Geographical Sciences Committee

Assessment of the NASA Applied Sciences Program

Assessment of the NASA Applied Sciences Program

Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

Fostering Transformative Research in the Geographical Sciences

Learning to Think Spatially

Learning to Think Spatially

Understanding the Changing Planet

Understanding the Changing Planet

Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Contributions of Land Remote Sensing for Decisions About Food Security and Human Health

Advancing Land Change Modeling

Advancing Land Change Modeling

Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience

Private-Public Sector Collaboration to Enhance Community Disaster Resilience

Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration

Building Community Disaster Resilience Through Private-Public Collaboration

Understanding the Changing Planet

Understanding the Changing Planet

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