The number e, the function ex, the logarithmic function in (x) and different hyperbolic functions like cosh (x), sinh (x) make frequent appearances in science and engineering textbooks. Students often fail to appreciate the significance of these mathematical symbols. This book clearly illustrates why such abstract mathematical entities are needed to represent some aspects of physical reality. It provides an overview of different types of numbers and functions along with their historical background and applications. It contains four chapters covering number system, exponential function, logarithmic functions and hyperbolic functions along with the concept of complex angle. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)
This book is the outcome of rigorous and continuous research work done by the author over about three decades on the open ecosystem and dynamic environment of the estuarine Sunderbans. The objective of this work is to identify the field and factors changing gradually upon this active delta over the years, decades and centuries. The deltaic Sunderbans yet not mature enough, has been changing in its natural course with time. Further, anthropogenic interferences disturb the environments and accelerate degradation of nature of this fragile ecosystem simultaneously. Roles played by almost all the agents including man and environment and their involvement are identified for the changing environmental scenario of the Sunderbans. The book is befitted for the researchers and students for the post graduate levels. The Sunderbans, a UNESCO World Heritage Site covering parts of Bangladesh and the southern tip of Indian state of West Bengal, is a part of world's largest deltaic plain of fluvio-marine deposit formed by the Ganges and Brahmaputra at the confluence of the Bay of Bengal. It is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world, conspicuous for its great size and biodiversity. With an enormous network of channels and creeks, tidal inundation twice daily, Sunderbans mangroves wetland is a dynamic and complex ecosystem, which undergoes continuous processes of erosion and accretion. Natural processes like changes in local hydrology, sediment motion under wind, wave and tidal action, beach dynamics, regional and global processes like sea level rise as well as the impact of human interference in the form of reclamation of forest land, changes in land use patterns, coastal urbanizations etc are the lead factors for the changes in the environmental scenario of Sunderbans.
This book provides a first-hand account of land conflict and power relations in one of the most resource-rich states in India — Jharkhand. Through the eyes of the state, corporate, and indigenous actors, it reveals how conflict over land in Jharkhand is firmly embedded in the ideological foundations of the key actors in the region. Based on thorough research on the ground and interviews with state, corporate, and indigenous actors, the book explores a host of themes such as: the need and efficacy of state-led modernisation programmes, the market as the best regulator, and ‘ideas’ of development. The volume highlights how land conflicts in Jharkhand will persist until the ideological differences are recognised and welcomed in hopes of making way for collaborative governance. This work will be a key intervention in the fields of area studies, especially South Asian studies, public policy, politics, and development studies.
Preclinical testing is a critical part of the orthopaedic device design process and is required to demonstrate efficacy, safety and adherence to the requirements of essential regulations. The following chapter provides an overview of the key regulatory and technical requirements associated with mechanical and tribological testing of orthopaedic devices and the characterization of metallic coatings applied to such devices for improved biological fixation. Mechanical testing is typically carried out according to regional or international standards that define the type of device to be tested, its laboratory-based performance requirements and reference criteria that a product must meet. The most widely used tests for orthopaedic devices are static or fatigue tests. These may be conducted under compression, bending, shear or torsion, depending on the in vivo loading conditions that they are trying to replicate. Bearing wear simulator test methods have evolved over several decades from simpler tests such as pin-on-plate to more realistic tests that replicate the forces and motions experienced during walking or other gait cycles and, importantly, allow the testing of actual components. Current wear simulator test standards for hip and knee joints are reviewed and methods of characterizing wear debris and measuring friction are discussed. Metallic coatings on orthopaedic devices can be employed to improve the fixation of the implant to the host bone. This chapter discusses methods to characterize critical properties of metallic coatings for orthopaedic devices and also identifies the acceptance standards set by regulatory bodies for these kinds of coatings.
Value investing is not just a system for success in the market. It is also an intellectual toolkit for achieving a deeper understanding of the world. In The Joys of Compounding, the value investor Gautam Baid builds a holistic approach to value investing and philosophy from his wide-ranging reading, combining practical approaches, self-cultivation, and business wisdom. Distilling investment and life lessons into a comprehensive guide, Baid integrates the strategies and wisdom of preeminent figures whose teachings have stood the test of time. Drawing on the work of investing greats like Warren Buffett, Charlie Munger, and Ben Graham, as well as philosophers and scholars, he artfully interweaves the lessons learned from his many teachers. Baid demonstrates their practical applications in the areas of business, investing, and decision making and also shows that these ideas can be applied to one’s own life with just as much reward. A celebration of the value investing discipline, this book also recounts Baid’s personal experiences, testifying to his belief that the best investment you can make is an investment in yourself. The Joys of Compounding offers curated reflections on life and learning for all investors, investment enthusiasts, and readers seeking a dose of practical wisdom. This revised and updated edition highlights Baid’s distinctive voice.
The book. PC Software & IT Tools is basically made for the students of the Computer Applications like 'O' level, 'A' level DOEACC students, Students of Polytechnic and for general computer users. It will be immense helpful for all -who want to learn the subject of computer applications as a whole. The book covers the complete area of computer fundamentals, number processing, spreadsheet applications, multimedia applications, desktop publications and a brief discussion on computer viruses. It also covers the Internet Systems, computing and Ethics.
Offend, Shock, or Disturb is a comprehensive examination of free speech under the Indian Constitution. It explores Indian free speech jurisprudence from a doctrinal, comparative, and philosophical perspective. Taking as its point of departure the constitutional guarantee of the freedom of speech and expression—Articles 19(1)(a) and 19(2) of the Constitution of India—the book discusses, clause by clause, the development of law from colonial times to present-day controversies. Issues relating to public order, sedition, obscenity and pornography, hate speech, film and online censorship, privacy and defamation, the contempt of court, the nature of speech and the relationship between free speech and economic structure, and the inter-relationships between them have been comprehensively examined. As free speech campaigns gain intensity by the day, the book presents the myriad understandings and limitations of the free speech law, and suggests possible pathways for the future.
Fluid mechanics continues to dominate the world of engineering. This book bridges the gap between first and higher level text books on the subject. It shows that the approximate approaches are essentially globally averaged versions of the local treatment, that in turn is covered in considerable detail in the second edition.
Thermal convection is often encountered by scientists and engineers while designing or analyzing flows involving exchange of energy. Fundamentals of Convective Heat Transfer is a unified text that captures the physical insight into convective heat transfer and thorough, analytical, and numerical treatments. It also focuses on the latest developments in the theory of convective energy and mass transport. Aimed at graduates, senior undergraduates, and engineers involved in research and development activities, the book provides new material on boiling, including nuances of physical processes. In all the derivations, step-by-step and systematic approaches have been followed.
The rural economy in Bangladesh has powerfully advanced economic growth and substantially reduced poverty, especially since 2000, but the remarkable transformation and unprecedented dynamism in rural Bangladesh remain an underexplored, underappreciated, and largely untold story. Dynamics of Rural Growth in Bangladesh: Sustaining Poverty Reduction tells that story and inquires what specific actions Bangladesh might take—given the residual poverty and persistent malnutrition—to accelerate and channel its rural dynamism to sustain the gains in eliminating poverty, achieving shared prosperity, and advancing national aspirations to achieve middle-income status. The central element of this study, undertaken with the Government of Bangladesh Planning Commission to address key questions elicited through extensive consultation, is an empirical analysis that illuminates the underlying dynamics of rural growth, particularly the role of agriculture and its relationship to the nonfarm economy. Using all sources of data available for the macro-, meso-, and microhousehold levels, the analysis provides new evidence on changes in the rural economy and the principal drivers of rural incomes. It also examines market performance for high-value agricultural products and agriculture†“nutrition linkages, based on new surveys and analysis. The resulting evidence, examined in light of the rich knowledge of rural development in Bangladesh, is used to delineate the implications for policy and the strategic priorities for sustaining future rural development, poverty reduction, food security, and nutrition. The effects of policy reforms, changes in technology, and investments in infrastructure and human capital described here, along with the persistent enterprise of rural Bangladeshi households, offer a compelling case study of how mutually reinforcing actions can trigger the highly-sought-after virtuous cycle of rural development. The findings clearly demonstrate the pro-poor nature of agricultural growth and its catalytic role in stimulating the rural nonfarm economy. They show that households have no linear or predictable pathway out of poverty; instead, they wisely employ a combination of farm and nonfarm income strategies to climb out of, and then stay out of, poverty. The results represent a strong contribution to the global thinking on rural transformation and on how agriculture in particular sustains the economic momentum that fosters poverty reduction and more widespread prosperity.
This book is the result of comprehensive research work on the various aspects of the West Bengal coast including the world’s largest riverine delta system, the Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta. The role of various hydrodynamic factors in shaping the coastal configuration and physicochemical parameters of coastal waters, soils, and granulometry of beach sands are extensively discussed. The coasts of the Indian peninsula, particularly the east coast, are subjected to severe cyclones, tidal bores, storm surges, and strong drift, which changes the coastal configuration as well as the quality of waters and the fertility of soils. A systematic description of major cyclones and their effects on coastal areas are described in detail. The book offers comprehensive information on the prevailing ecological conditions and lush green mangrove forests with wide-ranging flora and fauna of Sundarbans. UNESCO has declared Sundarbans as one of the world’s heritage sites, and as in other parts of the world, some of the coastal areas in West Bengal have attracted the attention of many tourists. Various steps undertaken by the government for coastal zone management and sustainable development of the coastal areas have been highlighted in the book. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of the coastal environment.
This book explains several basic concepts of forests and forestry research like social distancing of trees, solitary trees, green infrastructure of trees including typical forest stands like pocket forests, forgotten forests, community forests, and social forestry from one forest stand to another scattered in the districts of West Bengal. In the field of forest floors, depleting status of the forests stimulates to find out different models of afforestation programme like tree-island and rescue forest strategy through plantation programme. Huge loss of tree canopy ravaged by the series of cyclonic storms particularly in the districts of South Bengal seems to be recovered by bioeconomic model with the implementation of social forestry schemes. Thoughts of such models incited the author to go through statistical analysis on different matters and parameters of the forest stands. Determination of physico-chemical parameters of the forest soil are carried on hand in hand with the identification of Alfisol profile exposures in the forest floors. For finding out the present status of forests, district-wise review is worked out. Though scattered in the format of the forest patches, forest stands in the Jungle Mahal are remarkably interesting for any surveyor or tree-lover. Because of the reasons, surveys in the specific forest lands like Joypur and Beliatore of Bankura district and Garh Jangal and Aduria Forests under Bardhaman Forest Division are given special impetus for statistical measures, soil properties analysis, and identification of vegetation pattern. All these salient features inspire the author to take an attempt disseminating information and related characteristics of the forests and forestry of West Bengal. Researchers and students will get sufficient material from this book to enrich their knowledge on the forest environment and the author believes that this book will act as the pioneer work for the flourishment and amelioration of the forestry of West Bengal.
The number e, the function ex, the logarithmic function in (x) and different hyperbolic functions like cosh (x), sinh (x) make frequent appearances in science and engineering textbooks. Students often fail to appreciate the significance of these mathematical symbols. This book clearly illustrates why such abstract mathematical entities are needed to represent some aspects of physical reality. It provides an overview of different types of numbers and functions along with their historical background and applications. It contains four chapters covering number system, exponential function, logarithmic functions and hyperbolic functions along with the concept of complex angle. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan)
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