Originally published in this format and including this Foreword in 1992, this volume contains Accountics: The Office Magazine from April 1987 to March 1898. Accountics contains technical papers reflecting issues of the times, photo portraits and biographical sketches of leaders, rosters of organizations, news items, announcements, correspondence and professional advertisements.
This work is intended to assist researchers, regulators, and practitioners who are interested in the topic of auditor independence. It presents a comprehensive model of the individual, work place, organization, inter-organizational, and organizational field level determinants of the topic.
Written by an expert on financial analysis and capitalism, this book describes the widespread corruption and specific scandals that have occurred throughout history when ethically-challenged innovators and greedy scoundrels are unable to resist the dark side of corruption. Since the dawn of civilization, corruption has had a perpetual impact on the world's economies. In the modern, technology-enabled, global economy, the effects of those who manipulate free-market capitalism for their own gains regardless of methodology continue to be a problem, despite reforms instituted to attempt to discourage the most blatant practices. Business Scandals, Corruption, and Reform: An Encyclopedia contains more than 300 entries that describe the myriad aspects of corruption, business scandals, and attempts at reform, providing not only detailed information about specific accounting scandals and earnings manipulation but also a broad examination of the entire history of business corruption throughout human civilization. Reviewing all the major scandals from tulip mania in the early 17th century to the subprime mortgage crisis of 2008 and beyond, the author illuminates how corrupt actors in business and the attempts to eliminate these types of abuses have been instrumental to the developing institutional framework of free-market capitalism.
Volume 1 of Accounting History covers the first 10,000 plus years of the rise of accounting and civilization. Conveniently, accounting was part of the developing culture from the start. With fortified villages, accumulating wealth meant inventory accounting, first using tokens (clay balls) and eventually writing plus the abstract concepts of numbers. Cultures evolved in Mesopotamia and elsewhere. After the Crusades, Italian city-states created merchant wealth based on the creation of double-entry. Luca Pacioli’s Summa described the Venetian system, which traveled north thanks to Gutenberg’s printing press. Enhanced forms of manufacturing, banking, and merchant trade continued. England proved to be a special place, where the Industrial Revolution was born. Along the way, accounting sophistication rose as entrepreneurs discovered the need for complex information to survive. Accounting became a profession as business became big and important enough to employ professionals. The United States went from an agrarian backwater to an industrial power in 100 years. Accounting sophistication matched business complexity, as manufacturing accounting and control techniques developed capable of providing information needed to run giant firms. Railroads became big, requiring complex accounting system. Andrew Carnegie used his railroad experience to adapt the railroad accounting systems to steel manufacturing. Industries consolidated and the need for effective accounting control became imperative. Du Pont proved to be the most effective innovator and this knowledge expanded at General Motors, systems that dominated beyond the mid-20th century. Accounting History is written for accounting and business students plus business professionals. It’s not written for accounting historians, although they may find this book useful. The writing is basic without much jargon, so the general public will also find this book insightful.
In examining a company for 335 years, Management Accounting at the Hudson's Bay Company: From Quill Pen to Digitization finds five significant management accounting changes. Each difficult to make change was made for significant strategic and survival reasons. Thus, the focus is on the making and remaking of management accounting.
Accounting history continues in Volume 2 with six chapters, four supplements, plus conclusions. Chapters 1 to 3 of the second volume cover specialty topics, specifically auditing, taxes, and government accounting. Chapters 4 to 6 march along from the New Deal to beyond the mortgage meltdown and Great Recession. Supplements include audit opinions (the audit reports written for the annual financial audits), the scandals and corruption associated with accounting fraud, the formal standard setting process creating generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and finally computer technology, a key component of the accounting profession—and civilization. The concept of accounting as a profession developed by the 19th century, as accounting-related services (bankruptcy, taxes, and auditing) became important enough to hire experts and separate businesses to support these functions. Soon, licensing was required. Auditing and tax proved to be major money-makers for accountants. Accounting firms became mammoth and global (especially the Big 4) providing audit, tax and consulting services to giant multinational corporations as well as smaller business, governments, nonprofits organizations, and individuals. The rest of the book covers accounting since the early 20th century, when accounting became increasingly sophisticated and important to the commercial and political worlds. The 1920 reverted to “free markets,” financial market manipulation and speculation, fueled by abundant credit precipitating a boom; then the Great Depression, followed by FDR’s New Deal. Chapter 5 covers most of the post-World War II period. Chapter 6 covers the bubbles and busts of the late-20th century and beyond, with particular attention to Enron. Conclusions summarize the last 10,000 years of accounting, its overall impact on civilization, and predictions for the future.
It is essential for anyone involved in law, politics, and government, as well as students of the governmental process, to comprehend the workings of the federal independent regulatory agencies of the United States. Occasionally referred to as the "headless fourth branch of government," these agencies do not fit neatly within any of the three constitutional branches. Their members are appointed for terms that typically exceed those of the President, and they cannot be removed from office in the absence of some sort of malfeasance or misconduct. They wield enormous power over the private sector, and they have foreign analogues. In Independent Agencies in the United States, Marshall Breger and Gary Edles provide a full-length study of the structure and workings of federal independent regulatory agencies in the US. This book focuses on traditional multi-member agencies that have a significant impact on the American economy, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Communications Commission, the National Labor Relations Commission, and the Federal Trade Commission. This work recognizes that the changing kaleidoscope of modern life has led Congress to create idiosyncratic administrative structures consisting of independent agencies squarely within the Executive Branch, including government corporations and government-sponsored enterprises, to establish a new construct of independence to meet the changing needs of the administrative state. In the process, Breger and Edles analyze the general conflict between political accountability and agency independence. This book also compares US with EU and certain UK independent agencies to offer a unique comparative perspective. Included is a first-of-its-kind appendix describing the powers and procedures of the more than 35 independent US federal agencies, with each supplemented by a selective bibliography of pertinent materials.
This is the first detailed view of the managerial accountant’s role and responsibilities in organization setting. Its aim is to foster role development: the opportunity to work at an advanced level of practice. Accounting studies develop technical skills associated with topics, and, responding to defined scenarios but provide very little guidance on what to recognizing and approaching the broad problems or challenges under conditions of uncertainty. It is a double first because it provides the managerial accountant’s compass as a general purpose analytical framework for managerial accounting independent of any selected theory and method. The metaphor of a compass creates a mental schema for its four points named (1) goals and principles, (2) boundaries and constraints, (3) methods and models, and, (4) collegial relationships. Dynastic Chinese and some other Central Asian cultures, view the center as a fifth principal direction, giving a total of five points. The center represents a high standard ethical conduct and self-care, or moral compass. Managerial Accountant’s Compass offers an integrated and systematic guide to approaching situations that are constantly changing. It gives a protective starting pattern which produces new meanings and awareness of the ambiguity and uncertainty for each situation. Ultimately the managerial accountant’s compass can help you make more effective sense of yourself, your expertise and your practice in the organization where you work, which should open career opportunities.
Scandals relating to manipulation and fraud have dominated much of the history of business and the accounting profession in America since the founding. Crooks, corruption, scandals and panics have been regular features of the business landscape ever since, with regulations and the expansion of financial disclosure, auditing, and regulatory agencies following major debacles. The importance of this topic is demonstrated by the major accounting and finance scandals of the 21st century, some of the most destructive in our history, including Enron and the multi-trillion dollar real estate crises. This pair of scandals has an extensive number of companions (if less severe and not as well known). The types of violations, causes, and results are equally valid and continue to be of concern today. This short book reveals the signs that suggest financial corruption in organizations and proposes remedies to contain it and prevent its recurrence. It can be used as a supplementary source in introductory financial accounting courses (elementary and intermediate), accounting- and finance-related MBA courses, and business history; or it can be used as part of forensic accounting and fraud detection for continuing education. In addition, it can be useful for accounting and finance professionals wanting exposure to financial disclosure issues and other accounting risks, along with executives looking to expand their knowledge of accounting fraud and risk areas.
This original study clarifies current issues directly related to auditor independence and investigates the wide scope of available consulting services. Examines the actions taken by various groups and high-ranking corporate officers to preserve modern-day auditor independence. Traces the origins of the concept of auditor independence to mid-19th Century Britain and explores how the meaning of auditor indepedence has evolved since that time. Includes comprehensive lists of service fees by class as a percent of talent revenues for major CPA firms.
Development and Classification - Comparative Accounting I - Comparative Accounting II - Reporting and Disclosure - Foreign Currency Translation - Accounting for Changing Prices - International Accounting Harmonization - International Financial Statement Analysis - Managerial Planning and Control - Financial Risk Management - International Taxation and Transfer Pricing.
Originally published in this format and including this Foreword in 1992, this volume contains Accountics: The Office Magazine from January 1900 to August 1900. Accountics contains technical papers reflecting issues of the times, photo portraits and biographical sketches of leaders, rosters of organizations, news items, announcements, correspondence and professional advertisements.
Part of a series which aims to present work across a broad spectrum of regulation issues, with papers covering a wide range of topics. The volumes review essays of recent books, offering insights into regulation and its processes. A glossary related to securities, law and accounting is included.
This original study clarifies current issues directly related to auditor independence and investigates the wide scope of available consulting services. Examines the actions taken by various groups and high-ranking corporate officers to preserve modern-day auditor independence. Traces the origins of the concept of auditor independence to mid-19th Century Britain and explores how the meaning of auditor indepedence has evolved since that time. Includes comprehensive lists of service fees by class as a percent of talent revenues for major CPA firms.
Originally published in this format and including this Foreword in 1992, this volume contains Accountics: The Office Magazine from April 1987 to March 1898. Accountics contains technical papers reflecting issues of the times, photo portraits and biographical sketches of leaders, rosters of organizations, news items, announcements, correspondence and professional advertisements.
Part of a series which aims to present work across a broad spectrum of regulation issues, with papers covering a wide range of topics. The volumes review essays of recent books, offering insights into regulation and its processes. A glossary related to securities, law and accounting is included.
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