Gary Edward Varner's Books

Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition

Situating Animals in Hare's Two Level Utilitarianism

By: Gary E. Varner

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Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition

Situating Animals in Hare's Two Level Utilitarianism

By: Gary E. Varner

R.M. Hare was one of the most important ethical theorists of the 20th century, and one of his graduate students, Peter Singer, became famous for his writings on animals and personhood. Singer now says that he endorses Hare's "two-level utilitarianism," and he has invoked the theory's distinction between "critical thinking" and thinking in terms of "intuitive level rules" in response to certain objections to his conclusions on several issues. Hare, however, never published a systematic treatment of how his theory applies to issues in animal ethics, and he avoided the concept of "personhood." Gary Varner here fills this gap by defending the moral legitimacy of distinguishing among "persons," "near-persons," and "the merely sentient" within Harean two-level utilitarianism. He explores the implications of this distinction by applying the resulting ethical system to our treatment of animals, and shows how the results contrast with the more abolitionist conclusions reached by Singer on the same issues. In the process, he presents a new philosophical defense of two-level utilitarianism and its metaethical foundation (universal prescriptivism), and he significantly expands Hare's account of how "intuitive level rules" function in moral thinking, based on recent empirical research. The book also draws heavily on empirical research on consciousness and cognition in non-human animals as a way of approaching the question of which animals, if any, are "persons," or at least "near-persons." Philosophers, including those interested in utilitarianism in general or Hare in particular, as well as others interested in animal ethics or the debate over personhood, will find Varner's argument of great interest. "Professor Varner's earlier work, In Nature's Interests, is a very fine book. It has achieved a high level of respect from those working in the field, and is often seen as having set a new standard of debate in environmental ethics. That means that a new book by Professor Varner will be received with considerable interest. Varner draws on extensive recent empirical research regarding the degree to which animals are self-conscious and uses this information as the basis for the most serious discussion I have yet seen of whether any nonhuman animals can be considered 'persons'. There is, to my knowledge, no other book that goes into these issues anywhere near as deeply, in the context of assessing their significance for the normative issues of the wrongness of taking life, or other issues relating to ethical decision-making regarding our treatment of animals and some humans. I have no doubt that this book will, like In Nature's Interests, be seen as making an important contribution to the topics it covers." - Peter Singer, University Center for Human Values, Princeton University

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334

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199930791

ISBN 13

9780199930791

In Nature's Interests?

Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics

By: Gary E. Varner

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In Nature's Interests?

Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics

By: Gary E. Varner

This book offers a powerful response to what Varner calls the "two dogmas of environmental ethics"--the assumptions that animal rights philosophies and anthropocentric views are each antithetical to sound environmental policy. Allowing that every living organism has interests which ought, other things being equal, to be protected, Varner contends that some interests take priority over others. He defends both a sentientist principle giving priority to the lives of organisms with conscious desires and an anthropocentric principle giving priority to certain very inclusive interests which only humans have. He then shows that these principles not only comport with but provide significant support for environmental goals.

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165

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0195348524

ISBN 13

9780195348521

Why Veganism Matters

The Moral Value of Animals

By: Gary L. Francione

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Why Veganism Matters

The Moral Value of Animals

By: Gary L. Francione

Most people care about animals, but only a tiny fraction are vegan. The rest often think of veganism as an extreme position. They certainly do not believe that they have a moral obligation to become vegan. Gary L. Francione—the leading and most provocative scholar of animal rights theory and law—demonstrates that veganism is a moral imperative and a matter of justice. He shows that there is a contradiction in thinking that animals matter morally if one is also not vegan, and he explains why this belief should logically lead all who hold it to veganism. Francione dismantles the conventional wisdom that it is acceptable to use and kill animals as long as we do so “humanely.” He argues that if animals matter morally, they must have the right not to be used as property. That means that we cannot eat them, wear them, use them, or otherwise treat them as resources or commodities. Why Veganism Matters presents the case for the personhood of nonhuman animals and for veganism in a clear and accessible way that does not require any philosophical or legal background. This book offers a persuasive and powerful argument for all readers who care about animals but are not sure whether they have a moral obligation to be vegan.

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193

Publisher

Columbia University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

023155320X

ISBN 13

9780231553209

Vexing Nature?

On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology

By: Gary L. Comstock

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Vexing Nature?

On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology

By: Gary L. Comstock

Agricultural biotechnology refers to a diverse set of industrial techniques used to produce genetically modified foods. Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods manipulated at the molecular level to enhance their value to farmers and consumers. This book is a collection of essays on the ethical dimensions of ag biotech. The essays were written over a dozen years, beginning in 1988. When I began to reflect on the subject, ag biotech was an exotic, untested, technology. Today, in the first year of the millenium, the vast majority of consumers in the United States have taken a bite of the apple. Milk produced by cows injected with a GM protein called recombinant bovine growth hormone (bGH), is found, unlabelled, on grocery shelves throughout the US. In 1999, half of the soybeans and cotton harvested in the US were GM varieties. Billions of dollars of public and private monies are being invested annually in biotech research, and commercial sales now reach into the tens of billions of dollars each year. I Whereas ag biotech once promised to change American agriculture, it now is in the process of doing so.

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301

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

1461513979

ISBN 13

9781461513971

Loving Creation

The Task of the Moral Life

By: Gary Chartier

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Loving Creation

The Task of the Moral Life

By: Gary Chartier

Gary Chartier offers an alternative to natural-law theories that disregard people's welfare and embrace impartiality. He envisions Christian love as focused on creation to enrich social practices and personal life. Loving Creation contributes to theological understanding, personal moral reflection, church practice, and participation in public life.

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268

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Augsburg Fortress Publishers

Published Date

ISBN 10

1506481043

ISBN 13

9781506481043

Animals and the Moral Community

Mental Life, Moral Status, and Kinship

By: Gary Steiner

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Animals and the Moral Community

Mental Life, Moral Status, and Kinship

By: Gary Steiner

Gary Steiner argues that ethologists and philosophers in the analytic and continental traditions have largely failed to advance an adequate explanation of animal behavior. Critically engaging the positions of Marc Hauser, Daniel Dennett, Donald Davidson, John Searle, Martin Heidegger, and Hans-Georg Gadamer, among others, Steiner shows how the Western philosophical tradition has forced animals into human experiential categories in order to make sense of their cognitive abilities and moral status and how desperately we need a new approach to animal rights. Steiner rejects the traditional assumption that a lack of formal rationality confers an inferior moral status on animals vis-à-vis human beings. Instead, he offers an associationist view of animal cognition in which animals grasp and adapt to their environments without employing concepts or intentionality. Steiner challenges the standard assumption of liberal individualism according to which humans have no obligations of justice toward animals. Instead, he advocates a "cosmic holism" that attributes a moral status to animals equivalent to that of people. Arguing for a relationship of justice between humans and nature, Steiner emphasizes our kinship with animals and the fundamental moral obligations entailed by this kinship.

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229

Publisher

Columbia University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0231512600

ISBN 13

9780231512602

What We Owe to Nonhuman Animals

The Historical Pretensions of Reason and the Ideal of Felt Kinship

By: Gary Steiner

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What We Owe to Nonhuman Animals

The Historical Pretensions of Reason and the Ideal of Felt Kinship

By: Gary Steiner

This book strongly challenges the Western philosophical tradition's assertion that humans are superior to nonhuman animals. It makes a case for the full and direct moral status of nonhuman animals. The book provides the basis for a radical critique of the entire trajectory of animal studies over the past fifteen years. The key idea explored is that of ‘felt kinship’—a sense of shared fate with and obligations to all sentient life. It will help to inspire some deep rethinking on the part of leading exponents of animal studies. The book's strong outlook is expressed through an appeal for radical humility on the side of humans rather than a constant reference to the ‘human-animal divide’. Historical figures examined in depth include Aristotle, Seneca, and Kant; contemporary figures examined include Christine Korsgaard and Martha Nussbaum. This book presents an account according to which the tradition has not proceeded on the basis of impartial motivations at all, but instead has made a set of pointedly self-serving assumptions about the proper criteria for assessing moral worth. Readers of this book will gain exposure to a wide variety of thinkers in the Western philosophical tradition, historical as well as contemporary. This book is suitable for professionals working in nonhuman animal studies, students, advanced undergraduates, and practitioners working in the fields of philosophy, environmental studies, law, literature, anthropology, and related fields.

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Page Count

288

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Published Date

ISBN 10

1000957446

ISBN 13

9781000957440

Flourishing Lives

Exploring Natural Law Liberalism

By: Gary Chartier

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Flourishing Lives

Exploring Natural Law Liberalism

By: Gary Chartier

Elaborates and illustrates a radical version of political and social liberalism rooted in a rich understanding of fulfilment and flourishing.

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309

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1108493041

ISBN 13

9781108493048

Science, Technology, And Politics

Policy Analysis In Congress

By: Gary Bryner

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Science, Technology, And Politics

Policy Analysis In Congress

By: Gary Bryner

This book began several years ago as a project organized by members of the Science and Technology Studies section of the American Political Science Association. It is part of an ongoing attempt by members of the section and others to focus scholarly attention on the political and social implications of technological change and scientific advances. Part of the concern is to identify theories, conceptual frameworks, and concepts from political science that can usefully be applied to the study of science and technology. Part of the concern is to explore how science and technologyrelated concerns help illuminate and test some of the enduring theories of political science. We hope to contribute to the development of a strong theoretical underpinning for science and technology studies. We hope that such an enrichment of the theoretical bases for understanding science and technology-related phenomena will also contribute to more effective and appropriate public policies for regulating and encouraging scientific and technological developments. This book is an attempt to marry theoretical exposition and applied policy inquiry.

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244

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1000310906

ISBN 13

9781000310900

Maternal Medicine

By: George R. Saade,Luis Diego Pacheco,Gary D. V. Hankins

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Maternal Medicine

By: George R. Saade,Luis Diego Pacheco,Gary D. V. Hankins

Confidently diagnose and treat common pregnancy complications with this unique algorithmic approach Maternal Medicine is point-of-care reference designed to help you effectively treat conditions that often coexist with pregnancy. Focusing primarily on diagnosis and management with the goal of limiting complications early, the chapters focus on specific conditions rather than organ systems. This practical guide is designed to impart important relevant information that enables you to deliver patient care based on recommendations provided by experts in each field and grounded in the latest clinical evidence (when available). The authors have carefully selected topics that reflect conditions most often encountered in clinical practice. Coverage of each topic includes antepartum, intra-partum, and post-partum management, enabling you to deliver complete, uninterrupted patient care. You will find all the data you need in one convenient reference, including tables, tips, medication dosages, contraindications, lab values, diagnostic criteria, management algorithms, and levels of evidence. Luis D. Pacheco, MD is Associate Professor, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Anesthesiology, Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Surgical Critical Care, Director of Project # Obstetrical Patient Safety, and Director of Residency Education Program in Surgical Intensive Care Unit, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. George R. Saade, MD is Jennie Sealy Smith Distinguished Chair, Professor of ObGyn and Cell Biology, Chief of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Director of Perinatal Research Division, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas. Gary D.V. Hankins, MD is Professor and Chairman, Garland D. Anderson, MD Distinguished University Chair in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.

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Page Count

689

Publisher

McGraw Hill Professional

Published Date

ISBN 10

0071825479

ISBN 13

9780071825474

In Nature's Interests?

Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics

By: Gary Edward Varner

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In Nature's Interests?

Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics

By: Gary Edward Varner

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Page Count

165

Publisher

Oxford University Press, USA

Published Date

ISBN 10

0195152018

ISBN 13

9780195152012

Monte Alban's Hinterland, Part I

The Prehispanic Settlement Patterns of the Central and Southern Parts of the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

By: Richard E. Blanton,Stephen Kowalewski,Gary Feinman,Jill Appel

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Monte Alban's Hinterland, Part I

The Prehispanic Settlement Patterns of the Central and Southern Parts of the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico

By: Richard E. Blanton,Stephen Kowalewski,Gary Feinman,Jill Appel

In this work, the authors interpret archaeological data on roughly 3000 years of human history in the Valley of Oaxaca, from roughly 1500 BC to AD 1500. They integrate information on settlement patterns, political and social organization, artifact distribution, and more.

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544

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U OF M MUSEUM ANTHRO ARCHAEOLOGY

Published Date

ISBN 10

0932206913

ISBN 13

9780932206916

Williams Obstetrics 26e

By: F. Gary Cunningham,Kenneth J. Leveno,Jodi S. Dashe,Barbara L. Hoffman,Catherine Y. Spong,Brian M. Casey

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Williams Obstetrics 26e

By: F. Gary Cunningham,Kenneth J. Leveno,Jodi S. Dashe,Barbara L. Hoffman,Catherine Y. Spong,Brian M. Casey

The landmark text that has served generations of obstetrician-gynecologists—fully updated with the most current perspectives of the field A Doody's Core Title for 2023! Williams Obstetrics has defined the discipline for generations of obstetrician-gynecologists. Written by authors from the nationally renowned University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Parkland Hospital, the new edition of this authoritative, evidence-based work maintains its trademark comprehensive coverage and applicability at the bedside, while offering the most current information and insights. The culmination of a century of clinical thought, Williams Obstetrics, 26th Edition delivers expert coverage of obstetrical complications, such as preterm labor, pregnancy-related hypertension, infection, and hemorrhage. It additionally offers foundational content on reproductive anatomy, physiology, and prenatal care. The authors have enhanced this edition with 1,000+ full-color illustrations, plus an increased emphasis on the fast-growing subspecialty of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. No other text matches the long-established scientific rigor and accessibility of Williams Obstetrics. With its state-of-the-art design and review of the newest advances and protocols, this not-be-missed clinical companion brings positive outcomes within reach. New and updated content includes: Increased focus on Maternal-Fetal Medicine Greater coverage of hypertension and hemorrhage Deeper insights into in-utero complications Expanded fetal t section includes cutting-edge fetal imaging, genetics, prenatal diagnosis, and fetal disorders and therapy Basic science, physiology of labor, preterm labor updated with contemporaneous publications in the literature More obstetrical sonography figures Eye-catching illustrations, including updated graphs, sonograms, MRIs, photographs, and photomicrographs

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1323

Publisher

McGraw Hill Professional

Published Date

ISBN 10

1260462749

ISBN 13

9781260462746

Cunningham and Gilstrap's Operative Obstetrics, Third Edition

By: Edward R. Yeomans,Barbara L. Hoffman,Larry C. Gilstrap,F. Gary Cunningham

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Cunningham and Gilstrap's Operative Obstetrics, Third Edition

By: Edward R. Yeomans,Barbara L. Hoffman,Larry C. Gilstrap,F. Gary Cunningham

The cornerstone text on obstetrical procedures – completely updated to reflect today’s practice Doody's Core Titles for 2021! Since its first edition, Operative Obstetrics has provided clinicians with clear, step-by-step, detailed guidance for every major surgical procedure performed in current obstetrical practice. Emphasizing the scientific underpinnings of clinical obstetrics, this trusted classic is enhanced by more than 670 illustrations (most in full color and new to this edition), including sonograms, magnetic resonance images, photographs, and micrographs. This Third Edition has been completely updated and redesigned with a more streamlined presentation that incorporates current guidelines from respected professional and academic organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Much of this data is presented in newly created tables specifically designed to make the information easy to read and apply. Here’s why this is the leading text of obstetrical procedures: Logically organized in four sections: (1) General Considerations, which includes valuable surgical basics such as needle and suture selection, knots, surgical instruments, anatomy, and incisions and closures; (2) Antepartum, which describes management of first-trimester pregnancy-related complications, fetal diagnosis and therapy, and preparation of the gravida for surgery; (3) Intrapartum, which presents complex vaginal and cesarean deliveries; and (4) Postpartum, which offers guidance on obstetrical hemorrhage, surgical complications, and puerperal sterilization Coverage spans every aspect of operative obstetrics Updated to include timely new material on laparoscopy, placenta accreta, fetal therapy, perioperative radiological imaging, and clinical simulation NEW full-color surgical illustrations provide visual guidance for both simple and complex procedures

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575

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McGraw Hill Professional

Published Date

ISBN 10

0071849076

ISBN 13

9780071849074

Fascinating Bible Facts

People, Places, & Events

By: David M. Howard (Jr.),Gary M. Burge

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Fascinating Bible Facts

People, Places, & Events

By: David M. Howard (Jr.),Gary M. Burge

Details about the people, places and cultures of biblical times. The kings and queens, emperors and warriors, heroes and villains.

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326

Published Date

ISBN 10

0785332618

ISBN 13

9780785332619

Operative Obstetrics, Second Edition

By: Larry Gilstrap,F. Gary Cunningham,J. Peter VanDorsten

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Operative Obstetrics, Second Edition

By: Larry Gilstrap,F. Gary Cunningham,J. Peter VanDorsten

Covering obstetrical procedures, this guide brings you step-by-step instructions for each major surgical procedure performed in obstetrical practice. With more than 470 illustrations, it includes 1,000 questions and answers.

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760

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McGraw Hill Professional

Published Date

ISBN 10

0838573878

ISBN 13

9780838573877

Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition

Situating Animals in Hare's Two Level Utilitarianism

By: Gary E. Varner

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Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition

Situating Animals in Hare's Two Level Utilitarianism

By: Gary E. Varner

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Page Count

334

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199930791

ISBN 13

9780199930791

Book's by Gary Edward Varner

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