Modern diplomacy began in the fifteenth century when the Italian city-states established resident embassies at the courts of their neighbors. By the sixteenth century, the forms and techniques of the new continuing diplomacy had spread northward to be further developed by the emerging European powers. “The new Italian institution of permanent diplomacy was drawn into the service of the rising nation-states. and served, like the standing army of which it was the counterpart, at once to nourish their growth and foster their idolatry. It still serves them and must go on doing so as long as nation-states survive.” Garrett Mattingly, author of Catherine of Aragon and The Armada, here tells the story of Western diplomacy in its formative period and explains the evolution of the diplomat’s function. His able and lively discussion also forms, in effect, a history of Western Europe from an entirely fresh point of view. “Garrett Mattingly develops his theme with historical skill, a sense of the relevance of his subject to modern problems, and a literary grace all too rare in works of serious scholarship.”-New York Herald Tribune “An important book...carefully and elegantly written.”-Times Literary Supplement “Presents the many facets of a highly complex subject in a way which is as readable as it is scholarly.”-American Historical Review “A remarkable book: bold, scholarly and original, it will appeal equally to the expert and to the historically-minded general reader.”-New Statesman and Nation
Language Awareness in the Classroom addresses the central educational question of the impact that explicit language knowledge has on learning and language learning. A substantial Introduction defines the issues and key concepts and relates them to contemporary educational policy and practice in Europe and internationally. The papers are organised into four thematic sections: the extent and nature of language awareness in teacher education; school-based language awareness programmes; tertiary education initiatives and modes of evaluation of language awareness programmes.
Spirits are all the rage today. Two-thirds of Americans drink, whether they enjoy higher priced call brands or more moderately priced favorites. From fine dining and piano bars to baseball games and backyard barbeques, drinks are part of every social occasion. In The Prohibition Hangover, Garrett Peck explores the often-contradictory social history of alcohol in America, from the end of Prohibition in 1933 to the twenty-first century. For Peck, Repeal left American society wondering whether alcohol was a consumer product or a controlled substance, an accepted staple of social culture or a danger to society. Today the legal drinking age, binge drinking, the neoprohibitionist movement led by Mothers Against Drunk Driving, the 2005 Supreme Court decision in Granholm v. Heald that rejected discriminatory curbs on wine sales, the health benefits of red wine, advertising, and other issues remain highly contested. Based on primary research, including hundreds of interviews with those on all sidesùclergy, bar and restaurant owners, public health advocates, citizen crusaders, industry representatives, and moreùas well as secondary sources, The Prohibition Hangover provides a panoramic assessment of alcohol in American culture. Traveling through the California wine country, the beer barrel backroads of New England and Pennsylvania, and the blue hills of Kentucky's bourbon trail, Peck places the concerns surrounding alcohol use within the broader context of American history, religious traditions, and governance. Society is constantly evolving, and so are our drinking habits. Cutting through the froth and discarding the maraschino cherries, The Prohibition Hangover examines the modern American temperament toward drink amid the $189-billion-dollar-a-year industry that defines itself by the production, distribution, marketing, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Management consultant, author, and Web master Garrett Wasny provides an annotated listing of over 8,000 international trade resources for businesspeople searching for global customers, partners, and suppliers on the World Wide Web. Organized into ten chapters covering geographic markets and global business functions and covering some 230 countries and territories, the volume provides relevant tips on Internet use and appendices offering a variety of resources on identifying useful associates, drafting initial correspondence, tracking information, and troubleshooting.
This book provides a detailed review of much of the existing research on visual perception and sports performance. It summarises and integrates the findings of up to five hundred articles from areas as diverse as cognitive and ecological psychology.
The Shakers emerge as the culmination of the century's religious quest, preserving the immediacy of spirit possession while making it the basis for the formation of an ideal Christian community.Originally published as Spirit Possession and Popular Religion: From the Comisards to the Shakers
There is pressure on world language educators to prepare learners with 21st century skills to meet the challenges of an increasingly interconnected globalized world. The need for change was summarized in the 2007 report of the MLA Ad Hoc Committee on Foreign Languages that suggested the implementation of curricular reform by developing students’ “translingual and transcultural competence” (p. 3) which allows someone “to operate between languages” (p.237). However, the integration of such a meaningful cultural component in instructed language learning is a complex topic. This book recognizes the difficulty world language educators face to achieve the goals of the MLA report, particularly at beginning levels of instruction in target language use classrooms. Accordingly, this book informs instructed language learning and teaching by bridging developmental theories from the fields of intercultural competence with second language pedagogies—particularly communicative language teaching (CLT) and literacy-based approaches—providing examples of practical applications inside the classroom and beyond. It is intended to support the many FL educators who have consistently reported that they are struggling to incorporate meaningful cultural instruction into their practice (Fox & Diaz-Greenberg 2006; Phillips & Abbott, 2011; Sercu, 2005). This book provides a framework to foster learners’ deep cultural reflection at beginning levels of instruction while preserving target language use policies, bridging CLT pedagogies to intercultural communicative competence (ICC) literacy-based approaches. It starts by synthesizing prominent definitions of culture and culture learning models and then summarizes disparate sources of research findings on culture learning projects (which primarily take place at advanced levels of language learning) to the Standards-based classroom at all levels of instruction, K-16. Although research on fostering learners’ intercultural competence at beginning levels of language instruction is in its infancy, it is of utmost concern given that the vast majority of U.S. language learners rarely continue to advanced levels of instruction (Zimmer-Lowe, 2008). In addition, this book challenges FL educators to advocate for their FL programs and to give greater visibility and credibility to the profession in institutional internationalization efforts. The theoretical components of this book deconstruct the connections between language, thought and culture and problematize developmental models in the IC field that neglect to consider the important role of language. This book provides K-16 FL educators with the discourse needed to 1) explain to administrators, parents and students how world language study prepares learners to compete in an increasingly global market beyond the learner’s development of linguistic proficiency and 2) convince administrators of the value in and the need for world language study in order to support institutional internationalization efforts. The last chapter of this book provides guidance and suggestions on ways to expand K-12 teacher preparation programs and continuing education training to foster learners’ intercultural communicative competence while preserv-ing a Standards-based curriculum. In sum, this book is intended to 1) support all K-16 world language educa-tors with their program advocacy and instruction; 2) serve as a reference manual or course book in teacher preparation programs; 3) serve as a reference manual or course book for research and graduate courses on the teaching and learning of languages.
Garret deals with the issue of humanitarian intervention, of which the recent Kosovo conflict provides a prime example. Even though the writing of this book was completed before NATO began its intervention on behalf of the Kosovars, the book provides a valuable background for assessing the Kosovo issue—it lays out the history of previous humanitarian interventions and analyzes the controversies surrounding them. Garret provides a sophisticated framework by which such interventions can be evaluated both morally and pragmatically. His book offers some particularly relevant material on the American role in humanitarian interventions. This book is valuable for those who wish to make sense of the pros and cons of humanitarian efforts in international hot spots, like Kosovo. After an analysis of the legal and philosophical issues bearing on the idea of humanitarian intervention, defined as the use of force by one or more states to remedy severe human rights abuses in a particular country—this study focuses upon the moral duties that individual members of the international community have toward the welfare of others. Recent events have indicated that humanitarian intervention will likely play a larger role in international relations in the future. Examples in the contemporary period include Kosovo Somalia, Liberia, Haiti, the Kurds in Iraq, Uganda, and East Pakistan. This book emphasizes the role of the United States in humanitarian intervention and argues that increased American involvement is essential. Garrett suggests that the American people as a whole may be more prepared to see the United States take an active role in humanitarian intervention than are certain media and government elites. Strong national leadership that stresses the moral duty of the United States will be necessary to tap this latent altruism in order to contribute to higher standards of international human rights. Individual topics include assessment criteria for the moral legitimacy of intervention, unilateral versus multilateral efforts, and factors that appear to persuade or dissuade states from participating in such intervention. This volume focuses on certain themes and patterns in humanitarian intervention, which are then illustrated by using historical data taken from a variety of different examples.
The Great War’s bitter outcome left the experience largely overlooked and forgotten in American history. This timely book is a reexamination of America’s first global experience as we commemorate WWI's centennial. The U.S. steered clear of the Great War for more than two years, but President Woodrow Wilson reluctantly led the divided country into the conflict with the goal of making the world “safe for democracy.” The country assumed a global role for the first time and attempted to build the foundations for world peace, only to witness the experience go badly awry and it retreated into isolationism.The Great War was the first continent-wide conflagration in a century, and it drew much of the world into its fire. By the end, four empires and their royal houses had fallen, communism was unleashed, the map of the Middle East was redrawn, and the United States emerged as a global power—only to withdraw from the world’s stage.The United States was disillusioned with what it achieved in the earlier war and withdrew into itself. Americans have tried to forget about it ever since. The Great War in America presents an opportunity to reexamine the country’s role on the global stage and the tremendous political and social changes that overtook the nation because of the war.
On Becoming Bilingual: Children’s Experiences across Homes, Schools, and Communities provides a theoretical and methodological introduction to research on children’s participation in and across a multiplicity of activities where they display complex linguistic and sociocultural knowledge. From a perspective that engages intersections of language, race, and class, the book reviews foundational and recent studies highlighting innovations, trends, and future directions for research. The book offers a helpful set of resources, including guiding questions at the start of each chapter, links to online and bibliographic sources, discussion questions and activities, and a glossary of key terms. This book is intended for scholars and students in language-oriented fields of study who are interested in learning about how bilingual children engage with, negotiate, and transform their social worlds.
Human experience with nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) warfare has been limited, especially in comparison to conventional forms of warfare. Our experience with nuclear warfare is confined to a period of less than one week during the end of World War II, when the United States successfully used two nuclear weapons against targets in Japan. The course of biological warfare and modern use of biological weapons are difficult to track owing to the difficulty of differentiating deliberate use from natural outbreaks. However, the keen potential of biological weapons in acts of terror was shown in the mass disruption caused in the fall 2001 experience in the U.S. with the release of anthrax through the American postal system. Chemical weapons have been used in a handful of conflicts since their introduction to modern warfare during World War I, most recently during the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980s. Despite this limited experience, NBC warfare continues to exert a certain fascination among states. The A to Z of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare covers the development and use of NBC weapons as well as efforts to limit or control the use of these weapons through a chronology, a bibliography, an introductory essay, and dictionary entries. Over 500 cross-referenced dictionary entries provide a unique selection of terms related to NBC warfare, ranging from basic descriptions of substances used in NBC warfare to details on incidents and episodes where NBC weapons were used. Entries are structured around historical events, persons important to NBC warfare, countries where such weapons have been developed or used, and international treaties and treaty-related organizations.
As far as the roots of civilization dwell, therein lies the birth of its intertwining with religion. Religion has often been the origin of dissent or war amongst different nations in their efforts to conform opposing societies to their own view of what is "right." Gathering together a cohesive timeline from the onset of organized religion and government to its current manifestation in premiere countries such as England, the United States, and China, Civilization, God, and the End of Democracy reviews opposing viewpoints and evidence for what could potentially be the beginning of the end of democracy as we know it. However, although this democracy has become corrupt and distorted in places, there is still hope that it will serve as a version, but an as-yet unseen one, of its original intent.
Identifying music as a vital site of cultural debate, Struggling to Define a Nation captures the dynamic, contested nature of musical life in the United States. In an engaging blend of music analysis and cultural critique, Charles Hiroshi Garrett examines a dazzling array of genres—including art music, jazz, popular song, ragtime, and Hawaiian music—and numerous well-known musicians, such as Charles Ives, Jelly Roll Morton, Louis Armstrong, and Irving Berlin. Garrett argues that rather than a single, unified vision, an exploration of the past century reveals a contested array of musical perspectives on the nation, each one advancing a different facet of American identity through sound.
This volume considers the work and life of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851). It looks not only at Frankenstein and its composition, sources, themes and reception but at the wide range of other work by Shelley including such novels as The Last Man and Mathilda and her tales, reviews, travel writing and the (until recently neglected) Literary Lives of Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and French writers. There are detailed entries on her personal and/or literary relationship with her parents Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin, her husband Percy Bysshe Shelley, Byron, Coleridge and Claire Clairmont; on her religion, feminism, politics, relation to Romanticism, portraits and representation in drama, film and television; and on the influence of her work on such writers as Poe, Elizabeth Gaskell, the Brontës, Dickens and H.G. Wells.
This eBook edition of "The Women's Victory and After: 1911-1918" has been formatted to the highest digital standards and adjusted for readability on all devices. Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett (1847 –1929) was a British feminist, intellectual, political and union leader, and writer. She is primarily known for her work as a campaigner for women to have the vote. As a suffragist (as opposed to a suffragette), she took a moderate line, but was a tireless campaigner. She concentrated much of her energy on the struggle to improve women's opportunities for higher education and in 1875 co-founded Newnham College, Cambridge. Contents: The Two Deputations The Defeat of the Conciliation Bill The Election Fighting Fund The Fiasco of the Government Reform Bill The Pilgrimage and the Derby Day, 1913 The Turn of the Tide The World War and Women's War Work Women's War Work as It Affected Public Opinion The Last Phase The Difference the Vote Has Made
A New York Times bestseller The definitive account of the infectious diseases threatening humanity by Pulitzer Prize–winning investigative journalist Laurie Garrett "Prodigiously researched . . . A frightening vision of the future and a deeply unsettling one." —Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times After decades spent assuming that the conquest of infectious disease was imminent, people on all continents now find themselves besieged by AIDS, drug-resistant tuberculosis, cholera that defies chlorine water treatment, and exotic viruses that can kill in a matter of hours. Relying on extensive interviews with leading experts in virology, molecular biology, disease ecology, and medicine, as well as field research in sub-Saharan Africa, Western Europe, Central America, and the United States, Laurie Garrett's The Coming Plague takes readers from the savannas of eastern Bolivia to the rain forests of the northern Democratic Republic of the Congo on a harrowing, fifty year journey through the history of our battles with microbes. This book is a work of investigative reportage like no other and a wake-up call to a world that has become complacent in the face of infectious disease—one that offers a sobering and prescient warning about the dangers of ignoring the coming plague.
In the world today, there is a Luciferian Occult Epistemological Autocracy where ÒTruthÓ is allocated to a few Luciferian Elite Scientism Priests. There is a self-professed superiority amongst these hypnotized pseudo-academics, drunk on blind ambition, and hell-bent on creating a worldwide Techno Mystical Technocracy. In their eyes, they should be the supreme rulers over all others in a sterile, Brave New World, digitally manipulated and controlled tyranny. Where any sane and seasoned thinker would see inherent limitations to what Mankind can know and perceive, there are no such intrinsic limitations of empirical or epistemic reasoning within this Cult of The Luciferian Elite. This riveting book explains how this all happened, why, and what the chilling conclusion will be for Mankind as it endures the One Deception to Rule Them All.
When the author and his wife first met, life was a big blank canvas ready to be painted. After a trip down the aisle, the purchase of the first home together and the adoption of a dog to test the waters before wading into the pool of parenthood, life started to become more about to-do lists and conformity. Their big dreams together began to start with the phrase Someday we will With time no longer on their side, someday became today when they decided to leave everything behind and move 3,963 miles to London, England, to learn more about the world, themselves, their marriage, and what can happen when you find the courage to take a chance and do something great. On the surface, Wearing Wellies: A Year of Life & Love in London is the story of chasing lifelong dreams of queuing for Wimbledon tickets, greeting friends with kisses on both cheeks, close and personal encounters with the Queen, weekend trips to Paris, Italian cooking schools, and walks through the Cotswolds while wearing wellie boots with a dog named Sydney. But the story is really about life-changing relationships that the author and his wife make along the way with new friends who did not dress like them, sound like them, or think like them.
The Jade Dragon will take you on a journey to old Shanghai, where danger, excitement, and romance exist side by side. In 1935, Shanghai is the place to be. Glittering nightlife, bustling business, and a diverse international community are just some of the appeals of the “Paris of the Orient.” Douglas Bainbridge, Office of Naval Intelligence, is beginning a two-year immersion in Shanghai when he runs into Tim McIntyre, a childhood friend from San Francisco. Tim is a reporter for the Shanghai office of the Associated Press, and he offers to show Doug the local nightlife. While enjoying a show at The Jade Dragon, Tim never returns from intermission, and Doug finds Tim’s body in an alley. The police dismiss it as a robbery gone bad, but Doug knows there was more to it. Bystanders saw Tim arguing with a pair of men before walking away with them. Doug finds files in Tim’s office showing he was investigating Japanese infiltration of a Korean resistance group; and the notorious “Green Gang” that controls the opium trade in China, and has deep ties to General Chiang Kai-Shek himself. Tim’s friend and fellow reporter, Art “Jonesy” Jones goads Doug into solving Tim’s murder. But in Shanghai, danger lurks around every dark corner. The Jade Dragon is an upmarket historical mystery, with crossover appeal to fans of spy fiction, and gay & lesbian fiction.
This bestselling dictionary contains over 1,700 entries on all aspects of politics and international relations. Written by a leading team of political scientists, it embraces the multi-disciplinary spectrum of political theory including political thinkers, history, institutions, theories, and schools of thought, as well as notable current affairs that have shaped attitudes to politics. Fully updated for its fourth edition, the dictionary has had its coverage of international relations heavily revised and expanded, reflected in its title change, and it includes a wealth of new material in areas such as international institutions, peace building, human security, security studies, global governance, and open economy politics. It also incorporates recommended web links that can be accessed via a regularly checked and updated companion website, ensuring that the links remain relevant. The dictionary is international in its coverage and will prove invaluable to students and academics studying politics and related disciplines, as well as politicians, journalists, and the general reader seeking clarification of political terms.
“A concise but thorough introduction to strategically protecting personal assets from corporate liability.” – Kirkus Reviews When a business owner or shareholder is held personally liable for a business’s debts, that’s called “piercing the corporate veil” – and it happens in nearly half of all lawsuits against single-member and small corporations and limited liability companies (LLCs). Garrett Sutton, Esq. is a corporate legal expert and the personal asset protection attorney for Rich Dad founder Robert Kiyosaki. In Veil Not Fail, he shares the critical information business owners, entrepreneurs, investors, and high-wealth individuals need to set up and maintain secure corporate entities to protect themselves from personal legal exposure. With case studies and clear legal guidance, Sutton will help make sure you and your business are not at risk. Learn how to: Protect your personal finances and assets from business attack Use corporate entities like LLCs and corporations to reduce your personal liability in the event of a lawsuit Stay above board and avoid sham and alter ego determinations in court Understand the rules and corporate formalities you need to follow to keep your legal entities in good standing Veil Not Fail is a straightforward guide to corporate governance and financial risk mitigation for anyone who owns a business, property, or other investments – or for anyone looking to. With his signature candid and easy-to-understand style, Sutton gives you the information you need to better defend yourself and your company, and more importantly, reduce the risk of a lawsuit in the first place.
1940 – The City of Lights has gone dark, and Nazi oppression crushes the land of Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality American Oliver Carmichael loves his life in Paris, playing in a night club jazz band, and enjoying the freedom and intellectual stimulation of his bohemian set of friends. His happiness is tempered by unresolved feelings for his ex-fiancée, Lisette, especially after he sees her with another man–but he tends those wounds with an affair with an older woman…and also with the boy next door. His life is turned upside down when the Germans march into Paris, and several of his friends join the resistance. When an officer from the American Embassy, Frank Dryden, asks Oliver to keep tabs on his friends’ resistance activities, Oliver is torn. What is the best way to help his friends? What is the right thing to do? Once in, there is no way out. As the Gestapo and their allies in the French police close in, can Oliver save his friends without losing his own life or freedom? And just when it seems he will lose Lisette forever, Marcel offers Oliver an alternative–if they survive. Set in German-occupied Paris during the early years of World War II, Gray Paree is the story of an American expat’s struggle to reconcile with the love of his life, resist tyranny, and do what is right. If you enjoy Alan Furst's Night Soldiers novels, but like to see LGBT characters, then you'll love Gray Paree.
Celebrated by writers from Petrarch to Peter Mayle, Provence's rugged mountains, wild maquis and lavender-filled meadows are world-famous. Historic cities like Arles, Avignon and Aix contain Roman amphitheatres, papal palaces and royal residences, while market towns and picturesque villages maintain age-old traditions of wine producing and agriculture. From the highland towns of Digne and Sisteron to the marshy expanse of the Camargue, Provence encompasses a rich variety of landscapes. Martin Garrett explores a region littered with ancient monuments and medieval castles. Looking at the vibrant dockside ambiance of Marseille and the luminous atmosphere of the Lubéron, he considers how writers like Mistral and Daudet have captured the character of a place and its people. He traces the development of Provence as a Roman outpost, medieval kingdom and modern region of France, revealing through its landmarks the people and events that have shaped its often tumultuous history. Through its architecture, literature and popular culture, this book analyzes and celebrates the identity of a region famous for its pastis and pétanque. Linking the past to the present, it also evokes the intense light and sun-baked stones that have attracted generations of painters and writers.
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