Did China drive or resist the early wave of globalization? Some scholars insist that China contributed nothing to the rise of the global economy that began around 1500. Others have placed China at the center of global integration. Neither side, though, has paid attention to the complex story of China’s maritime policies. Drawing on sources from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and the West, this important new work systematically explores the evolution of imperial Qing maritime policy from 1684 to 1757 and sets its findings in the context of early globalization. Gang Zhao argues that rather than constrain private maritime trade, globalization drove it forward, linking the Song and Yuan dynasties to a dynamic world system. As bold Chinese merchants began to dominate East Asian trade, officials and emperors came to see private trade as the solution to the daunting economic and social challenges of the day. The ascent of maritime business convinced the Kangzi emperor to open the coast to international trade, putting an end to the tribute trade system. Zhao’s study details China’s unique contribution to early globalization, the pattern of which differs significantly from the European experience. It offers impressive insights into the rise of the Asian trade network, the emergence of Shanghai as Asia’s commercial hub, and the spread of a regional Chinese diaspora. To understand the place of China in the early modern world, how modernity came to China, and early globalization and the rise of the Asian trade network, The Qing Opening to the Ocean is essential reading.
Yang Wang, a trash of the ancient martial family who couldn't cultivate and had no martial spirit, was bullied and rolled his eyes. He was seized by the Immortal Emperor of the cultivation world, and from then on, he embarked on a coquettish road to rise to prominence. Forging pills, setting up formations and crafting talismans, using magical techniques; punching evil second generations, invincible and unparalleled along the way; intoxicating beauties' knees, beauties' beauties, royal sisters' teachers, pure nurses, enchanting young women ... They came one after another. Yang Wang said: "I had intended to cultivate, please don't disturb me, okay?
The Intelligent Systems Series comprises titles that present state of the art knowledge and the latest advances in intelligent systems. Its scope includes theoretical studies, design methods, and real-world implementations and applications. Service Science, Management, and Engineering presents the latest issues and development in service science. Both theory and applications issues are covered in this book, which integrates a variety of disciplines, including engineering, management, and information systems. These topics are each related to service science from various perspectives, and the book is supported throughout by applications and case studies that showcase best practice and provide insight and guidelines to assist in building successful service systems. - Presents the latest research on service science, management and engineering, from both theory and applications perspectives - Includes coverage of applications in high-growth sectors, along with real-world frameworks and design techniques - Applications and case studies showcase best practices and provide insights and guidelines to those building and managing service systems
This book explores the dynamics of party politics in Taiwan and cross-Strait relations over the past decade. While power transfer from the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) back to the pro-status quo Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, KMT) in 2008 ushered a great leap of cross-Strait relations in the following years, the DPP’s coming back to power in 2016 has reversed the trend and brought back a cold peace between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait featuring the period of the Chen Shui-bian administration. Social cleavage and partisan confrontation on the island have justified Beijing’s strategy of selective engagement with the two main parties within Taiwan. The state of cross-Strait relations, therefore, has become a by-product of volatile party politics on the island. As speculation about Taiwan's future mounts, this book will interest scholars, China-watchers, and policymakers.
This book addresses recent developments in mathematical analysis and computational methods for solving direct and inverse problems for Maxwell’s equations in periodic structures. The fundamental importance of the fields is clear, since they are related to technology with significant applications in optics and electromagnetics. The book provides both introductory materials and in-depth discussion to the areas in diffractive optics that offer rich and challenging mathematical problems. It is also intended to convey up-to-date results to students and researchers in applied and computational mathematics, and engineering disciplines as well.
The Divine Lands' calamity, the chaotic world, and so many tyrants and tyrants. An ordinary youth who wanted to play this game had unexpectedly obtained a unique book, cultivated peerless martial arts, defeated all sorts of masters, and even wrote a legend in his life. Then, was it a rain of smoke that covered his entire life, or was he trying to draw out a sword and save the lives of all under the heavens? Oh, trouble! It was painful! How should he choose?
Challenging the stereotype of premodern China as an agricultural nation, this book examines the development of the maritime sector, maritime institutions, and sea power in the premodern era. Initially discussing topics related to China's exports, such as ship design and construction, goods produced solely for export, capital accumulation and investment in the maritime sector, and trade networking, the volume goes on to consider the impact of maritime institutions, governmental trade and non-trade policies, and Confucian attitudes toward maritime activities. Finally, the book shows how China obtained technological, economic, and naval supremacy in Asian waters until the 18th century and goes on to discuss the reasons for the decline of the maritime sector in the 19th century.
Optimization techniques have been widely adopted to implement various data mining algorithms. In addition to well-known Support Vector Machines (SVMs) (which are based on quadratic programming), different versions of Multiple Criteria Programming (MCP) have been extensively used in data separations. Since optimization based data mining methods differ from statistics, decision tree induction, and neural networks, their theoretical inspiration has attracted many researchers who are interested in algorithm development of data mining. Optimization based Data Mining: Theory and Applications, mainly focuses on MCP and SVM especially their recent theoretical progress and real-life applications in various fields. These include finance, web services, bio-informatics and petroleum engineering, which has triggered the interest of practitioners who look for new methods to improve the results of data mining for knowledge discovery. Most of the material in this book is directly from the research and application activities that the authors’ research group has conducted over the last ten years. Aimed at practitioners and graduates who have a fundamental knowledge in data mining, it demonstrates the basic concepts and foundations on how to use optimization techniques to deal with data mining problems.
This book shows readers new ways to compensate for disturbances in control systems prolonging the intervals between time-consuming and/or expensive fault diagnosis procedures, keeping them up to date in the increasingly important field of adaptive control.
This book provides a collection of reviews of some of the recent developments in nuclear physics research at intermediate energies from across the globe. It especially focuses on the most essential aspects, such as multifragmentation and associated phenomena in nuclear collisions, with the incident energy region between a few MeV and several hundreds of MeV/nucleon. The topic of the book—multifragmentation—was chosen based on the fact that all heavy-ion collisions revolve around a fragmenting system, which is also thought to have a link to phase transitions. One unique and valuable dimension of this book is that it has brought together the research of several experts working in the field of intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions in various renowned laboratories of the world. It provides a thorough review of the recent developments in various related phenomena, especially multifragmentation, observed at the intermediate-energy range, both theoretically and experimentally. It extensively discusses the concept of nuclear symmetry energy, which is important for the nuclear physics and astrophysics communities. In addition, the book identifies potential research directions and technologies that will drive future innovations. It will serve as a valuable reference for a larger audience, including students who wish to pursue a career in nuclear physics and astrophysics.
This book initially delves into its fundamentals to initiate the exploration of online incentive mechanisms in wireless communications. Three case studies are provided to elaborate details on designing online mechanism design in practical system. For crowdsensing with random task arrivals, this book introduces a linear online incentive mechanism model with insurance of the quality of information for each incoming task. In the context of edge computing systems, the authors model a nonlinear online incentive mechanism with the consideration of mobile users energy budget constraints. It also explores online incentive mechanism for collaborative task offloading in mobile edge computing to achieve on-arrival instant responses. This book not only disseminates current knowledge but also sheds light on future research directions. The design of incentive mechanisms in wireless communication systems is of paramount importance as it encourages dormant terminals within networks to contribute their valuable resources. The consideration of randomness of network processes enhances the mechanism design under online settings and decision making on the fly. This book endeavours to bridge existing knowledge gaps by comprehensively presenting and developing fundamental insights into online incentive mechanisms and their design methods in the realm of wireless communications. Its one of the first books to provide a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles of online incentive mechanisms and their intricately designed methods in the dynamic world of wireless communications. Future research directions include an investigation in the evolving domain of online incentive mechanism designs within wireless communications. This book strikes a balance between theoretical knowledge and practical application, making it a valuable resource for both researchers and practitioners in the field of wireless communications and network economics. Advanced-level students majoring in computer science and/or electrical engineering will want to purchase this book as a study guide.
Fuzzy logic control (FLC) has proven to be a popular control methodology for many complex systems in industry, and is often used with great success as an alternative to conventional control techniques. However, because it is fundamentally model free, conventional FLC suffers from a lack of tools for systematic stability analysis and controller design. To address this problem, many model-based fuzzy control approaches have been developed, with the fuzzy dynamic model or the Takagi and Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model-based approaches receiving the greatest attention. Analysis and Synthesis of Fuzzy Control Systems: A Model-Based Approach offers a unique reference devoted to the systematic analysis and synthesis of model-based fuzzy control systems. After giving a brief review of the varieties of FLC, including the T–S fuzzy model-based control, it fully explains the fundamental concepts of fuzzy sets, fuzzy logic, and fuzzy systems. This enables the book to be self-contained and provides a basis for later chapters, which cover: T–S fuzzy modeling and identification via nonlinear models or data Stability analysis of T–S fuzzy systems Stabilization controller synthesis as well as robust H∞ and observer and output feedback controller synthesis Robust controller synthesis of uncertain T–S fuzzy systems Time-delay T–S fuzzy systems Fuzzy model predictive control Robust fuzzy filtering Adaptive control of T–S fuzzy systems A reference for scientists and engineers in systems and control, the book also serves the needs of graduate students exploring fuzzy logic control. It readily demonstrates that conventional control technology and fuzzy logic control can be elegantly combined and further developed so that disadvantages of conventional FLC can be avoided and the horizon of conventional control technology greatly extended. Many chapters feature application simulation examples and practical numerical examples based on MATLAB®.
This book introduces the mathematical techniques for turbulence control in a form suitable for inclusion in an engineering degree program at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels whilst also making it useful to researchers and industrial users of the concepts. It uses a mix of theory, computation and experimental results to present and illustrate the methodologies. It is based on the three part structure, wall turbulence, open loop control and feedback control with emphasis on optimal control methodologies. The book also includes an introduction of basic principles and fundamentals followed by a chapter on the structure of wall turbulence with emphasis on coherent structures. Elsewhere there is focus on control methods of wall turbulence by manipulating the boundaries though their motion and by applying control forces throughout the flow volume. The last two chapters will describe the linear and non-linear optimal controls. This integrated approach will help not only researchers interested in the topic but also graduate or advanced undergraduate students in their course work.
Adaptive control is no longer just an important theoretical field of study, but is also providing solutions to real-world problems. Adaptive techniques will transform the world of control. The leading world practitioners of adaptive control have contributed to this handbook which is the most important work yet in this field. Not only are techniques described in theory, but detailed control algorithms are given, making this a practical cookbook of adaptive control for both control professionals and practising engineers.The book presents the most advanced techniques and algorithms of adaptive control. These include various robust techniques, performance enhancement techniques, techniques with less a-priori knowledge, nonlinear adaptive control techniques and intelligent adaptive techniques. Each technique described has been developed to provide a practical solution to a real-life problem. This volume will therefore not only advance the field of adaptive control as an area of study, but will also show how the potential of this technology can be realised and offer significant benefits. - Practical cookbook of adaptive control - Contains important research
Christian dialogic writings flourished in the Catholic missions in late Ming China. This study focuses on the mission work of the Italian Jesuit Giulio Aleni (Ai Rulüe 艾儒略, 1582–1649) in Fujian and the unique text Kouduo richao 口鐸日抄 (Diary of Oral Admonitions, 1630–1640) that records the religious and intellectual conversations among the Jesuits and local converts. By examining the mechanisms of dialogue in Kouduo richao and other Christian works distinguished by a certain dialogue form, the author of the present work aims to reveal the formation of a hybrid Christian–Confucian identity in late Ming Chinese religious experience. By offering the new approach of dialogic hybridization, the book not only treats dialogue as an important yet underestimated genre in late Ming Christian literature, but it also uncovers a self–other identity complex in the dialogic exchanges of the Jesuits and Chinese scholars. Giulio Aleni, Kouduo richao, and Christian–Confucian Dialogism in Late Ming Fujian is a multi-faceted investigation of the religious, philosophical, ethical, scientific, and artistic topics discussed among the Jesuits and late Ming scholars. This comprehensive research echoes what the distinguished Sinologist Erik Zürcher (1928–2008) said about the richness and diversity of Chinese Christian texts produced in the 17th and 18th centuries. Following Zürcher’s careful study and annotated full translation of Kouduo richao (Monumenta Serica Monograph Series, LVI/1-2), the present work features a set of new findings beyond the endeavours of Zürcher and other scholars. With the key concept of Christian-Confucian dialogism, it tells the intriguing story of Aleni’s mission work and the thriving Christian communities in late Ming Fujian.
This book furthers new and exciting developments in experimental designs, multivariate analysis, biostatistics, model selection and related subjects. It features articles contributed by many prominent and active figures in their fields. These articles cover a wide array of important issues in modern statistical theory, methods and their applications. Distinctive features of the collections of articles are their coherence and advance in knowledge discoveries.
This book systematizes recent research work on variable-structure control. It is self-contained, presenting necessary mathematical preliminaries so that the theoretical developments can be easily understood by a broad readership. The text begins with an introduction to the fundamental ideas of variable-structure control pertinent to their application in complex nonlinear systems. In the core of the book, the authors lay out an approach, suitable for a large class of systems, that deals with system uncertainties with nonlinear bounds. Its treatment of complex systems in which limited measurement information is available makes the results developed convenient to implement. Various case-study applications are described, from aerospace, through power systems to river pollution control with supporting simulations to aid the transition from mathematical theory to engineering practicalities. The book addresses systems with nonlinearities, time delays and interconnections and considers issues such as stabilization, observer design, and fault detection and isolation. It makes extensive use of numerical and practical examples to render its ideas more readily absorbed. Variable-Structure Control of Complex Systems will be of interest to academic researchers studying control theory and its application in nonlinear, time-delayed an modular large-scale systems; the robustness of its approach will also be attractive to control engineers working in industries associate with aerospace, electrical and mechanical engineering.
Analysis of Genetic Association Studies is both a graduate level textbook in statistical genetics and genetic epidemiology, and a reference book for the analysis of genetic association studies. Students, researchers, and professionals will find the topics introduced in Analysis of Genetic Association Studies particularly relevant. The book is applicable to the study of statistics, biostatistics, genetics and genetic epidemiology. In addition to providing derivations, the book uses real examples and simulations to illustrate step-by-step applications. Introductory chapters on probability and genetic epidemiology terminology provide the reader with necessary background knowledge. The organization of this work allows for both casual reference and close study.
Drawing on narrative works acoss a century and across Chinese and Chinese-American cultural lines, Yue examines Chinese cultural politics of the twentieth century as an "alimentary discourse," where the roles of food and "eating" wi
He was born with a crippled meridian, yet he followed the path of an ancient assassin. He concealed himself in the imperial court, making it difficult for the one in power to not dare to act recklessly! The Monarch would not dare to fish in fear! Meat eaters are unable to sleep and eat, and do not dare to harm the common people! In the Vast Expanse Continent, who was the Lord? In the Vast Expanse Continent, who was the Lord? The teenager, Meng Chong, said, "The world is in chaos. It's time to intervene!
This book is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students and other researchers who possess an introductory background in materials physics and/or chemistry, and an interest in the physical and chemical properties of novel materials, especially transition metal oxides.New materials often exhibit novel phenomena of great fundamental and technological importance. Contributing authors review the structural, physical and chemical properties of notable 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides discovered over the last 10 years. These materials exhibit extraordinary physical properties that differ significantly from those of the heavily studied 3d-transition metal oxides, mainly due to the relatively strong influence of the spin-orbit interaction and orbital order in 4d- and 5d materials. The immense growth in publications addressing the physical properties of these novel materials underlines the need to document recent advances and the current state of this field. This book includes overviews of the current experimental situation concerning these materials.
This book focuses on differential privacy and its application with an emphasis on technical and application aspects. This book also presents the most recent research on differential privacy with a theory perspective. It provides an approachable strategy for researchers and engineers to implement differential privacy in real world applications. Early chapters are focused on two major directions, differentially private data publishing and differentially private data analysis. Data publishing focuses on how to modify the original dataset or the queries with the guarantee of differential privacy. Privacy data analysis concentrates on how to modify the data analysis algorithm to satisfy differential privacy, while retaining a high mining accuracy. The authors also introduce several applications in real world applications, including recommender systems and location privacy Advanced level students in computer science and engineering, as well as researchers and professionals working in privacy preserving, data mining, machine learning and data analysis will find this book useful as a reference. Engineers in database, network security, social networks and web services will also find this book useful.
An Introduction to Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Metals gives a background on the physics of materials, describing relevant experimental techniques. The book presents the necessary background in physics, thermodynamics, and the mechanics of solids, before moving on to cover elasticity, plasticity, fracture and the anelastic behavior of metallic glasses, relating these properties to chemical composition, atomic arrangement, microstructure, and methods of preparation. In addition, it compares the structure-property relationships specific to metallic glasses with polycrystalline metals and alloys and describes the properties and characteristics of metallic glasses. The general features and behavior of metallic glasses are also analyzed and summarized. The book includes full derivations of theory and equations and presents a compendium of experimental methods used in materials science to characterize and study metallic glasses and amorphous solids. The title is a comprehensive resource for any researcher interested in the materials science of metallic glasses and amorphous materials. - Presents the fundamental materials science needed to understand amorphous metals, metallic glasses and alloys - Details manufacturing techniques for metallic glasses - Gives the mechanical properties of metallic glasses - Illustrates concepts with detailed tables and graphs - Contains a compendium of experimental methods for use with amorphous metals and metallic glasses
This book sets out a systematic piece of research which attempts to assess the level of energy security in China, investigate how national energy supply security might be improved, and consider how energy trade risks might be reduced.
This book is aimed at graduate students, post docs and senior researchers with preliminary expertise in materials physics or chemistry, and with an interest in the physical and chemical properties of 4d- and 5d transition metal oxides, especially ruthenates and iridates. The 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides are among the most current and interesting quantum materials. This book reviews recent experimental and theoretical evidence that the physical and structural properties of these materials are decisively influenced by strong spin-orbit interactions that compete with comparable Coulomb, magnetic exchange and crystalline electric field interactions. This competition often leads to unusual ground states and magnetic frustration that are unique to this class of materials. Novel coupling between the orbital/lattice and spin degrees of freedom, which seriously challenge current theoretical models and are not addressed by traditional textbooks, are of particular interest, This book also reviews a few techniques for single-crystal growth that are most suitable for the 4d- and 5d-transition metal oxides. The discussion is intended to help fill an existing void in the literature describing relevant synthesis techniques for 4d- and 5d-materials, which is a daunting experimental challenge.
This book systematically presents these findings for the first time, focusing on the composition, force mode, structural characteristics, performance advantages, and calculation methods for each new structural system, and comparing each one with traditional structural systems. In view of the persistent problems in the current equivalent cast in situ precast concrete structural systems and the development of non-equivalent cast in situ precast concrete structure systems, Southeast University and Harbin Institute of Technology have conducted extensive research and proposed several new types of precast concrete structural systems. Their findings in this regard can promote the development of basic theories and technologies for building industrialization, accelerate the advancement of China's building industrialization, promote the application of precast building technology, and realize the concept of green building.
Covering the time span from the Shang to the Qing Periods (1520BC - 1911AD), Gang Deng examines important factors in the decline of the Chinese economy from medieval sophistication to modern underdevelopment. These factors include: * resource endowments * socio-economic structure * property rights * state and bureaucracy * ideology and values * geo-political environment * internal rebellions * external invasions and conquests The Premodern Chinese Economy is a comprehensive analysis of China's economic history and provides essential background to the study of this country's modern struggle for growth and development. Deng's emphasis on comparative analysis offers new insights into the concept of underdevelopment and theories of transitional economics. This will become a major reference work in the fields of Chinese studies, economic history and development studies.
A systematic and unified presentation of the fundamentals of adaptive control theory in both continuous time and discrete time Today, adaptive control theory has grown to be a rigorous and mature discipline. As the advantages of adaptive systems for developing advanced applications grow apparent, adaptive control is becoming more popular in many fields of engineering and science. Using a simple, balanced, and harmonious style, this book provides a convenient introduction to the subject and improves one's understanding of adaptive control theory. Adaptive Control Design and Analysis features: Introduction to systems and control Stability, operator norms, and signal convergence Adaptive parameter estimation State feedback adaptive control designs Parametrization of state observers for adaptive control Unified continuous and discrete-time adaptive control L1+a robustness theory for adaptive systems Direct and indirect adaptive control designs Benchmark comparison study of adaptive control designs Multivariate adaptive control Nonlinear adaptive control Adaptive compensation of actuator nonlinearities End-of-chapter discussion, problems, and advanced topics As either a textbook or reference, this self-contained tutorial of adaptive control design and analysis is ideal for practicing engineers, researchers, and graduate students alike.
This book presents a systematic study on the air balancing technologies in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Several modern air balancing methods, including advanced control-based air balancing, data-driven-based air balancing, and energy-saving-oriented air balancing, are introduced in this book to balance the air duct system. Furthermore, this book provides clear instructions for both HVAC designers and engineers, as well as researchers, on how to design and balance duct systems for improved performance and energy efficiency.
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