In recent years, transnational private regulations (TPRs) have gained importance in the areas of business and human rights, particularly from a consumer point of view. However, some question whether TPRs are indeed suitable normative frameworks contributing to their signatory entities’ compliance with human rights standards and effective avoidance of human rights abuses. In response to this question, this book proposes an analytical concept of effective compliance. Based on the elements identified as crucial for achieving effective compliance, it conducts an in-depth analysis of how TPRs’ normative frameworks function in practice and identifies common patterns and challenges. Such inquiry is based on an interdisciplinary methodological approach between law and sociology, seeking not only to comprehend and assess how law is systematized in theoretical terms, but also to understand how it works on the ground. This allows identification of the lack of active and effective participation of vulnerable stakeholders in the discursive processes established and governed by TPRs, such as rule-making and conformity assessment processes, as the main challenge. Based on such evidence, the book addresses the possibilities of overcoming such challenges, proposing that to fully achieve TPRs’ potential from an effective compliance point of view, legal empowerment of vulnerable groups is essential. It concludes by providing key observations and suggestions that contribute to the use of TPRs as instruments in the struggle for rights of empowered vulnerable stakeholders. The book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and policy-makers working in the areas of international law, transnational law, sociology of law, and human rights law.
In recent years, transnational private regulations (TPRs) have gained importance in the areas of business and human rights, particularly from a consumer point of view. However, some question whether TPRs are indeed suitable normative frameworks contributing to their signatory entities’ compliance with human rights standards and effective avoidance of human rights abuses. In response to this question, this book proposes an analytical concept of effective compliance. Based on the elements identified as crucial for achieving effective compliance, it conducts an in-depth analysis of how TPRs’ normative frameworks function in practice and identifies common patterns and challenges. Such inquiry is based on an interdisciplinary methodological approach between law and sociology, seeking not only to comprehend and assess how law is systematized in theoretical terms, but also to understand how it works on the ground. This allows identification of the lack of active and effective participation of vulnerable stakeholders in the discursive processes established and governed by TPRs, such as rule-making and conformity assessment processes, as the main challenge. Based on such evidence, the book addresses the possibilities of overcoming such challenges, proposing that to fully achieve TPRs’ potential from an effective compliance point of view, legal empowerment of vulnerable groups is essential. It concludes by providing key observations and suggestions that contribute to the use of TPRs as instruments in the struggle for rights of empowered vulnerable stakeholders. The book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and policy-makers working in the areas of international law, transnational law, sociology of law, and human rights law.
This book is about design and innovation – what it is and how to teach it. The blending of design and innovation is having an increasing impact not only on the world of products and services but on a wide variety of disciplines such as information and communications technology (ICT), business, education and medicine. However, there is a lack of books on teaching the subject despite the significant growth of interest in both academia and the workplace. This book addresses this gap by outlining foundational principles for the teaching of design and innovation and by offering a practical process for implementing the pedagogy in academic institutions and outside academia in the context of continuing professional development (CPD). It describes two undergraduate case-studies that aimed to instill design and innovation competences in students of both engineering and business disciplines. The cases involved student teams working with incubation centre start-ups and multi-national subsidiaries. One of the aims of this book is to provide a resource for continuing professional development (CPD). Consequently, a third practitioner-based case study is presented as an example of research-informed teaching. In addition, the book proposes the concept of Simulation-Action Learning (SAL) as an enhancement of Project-Based Learning (PBL).
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