Is democracy possible only when it is safe for elites? Latin American history seems to suggest so. Right-wing forces have repeatedly deposed elected governments that challenged the rich and accepted democracy only after the defanging of the Left and widespread market reform. Latin America’s recent “left turn” raised the question anew: how would the Right react if democracy threatened elite interests? This book examines the complex relationship of the Left, the Right, and democracy through the lens of local politics in Venezuela and Bolivia. Drawing on two years of fieldwork, Gabriel Hetland compares attempts at participatory reform in cities governed by the Left and Right in each country. He finds that such measures were more successful in Venezuela than Bolivia regardless of which type of party held office, though existing research suggests that deepening democracy is much more likely under a left party. Hetland accounts for these findings by arguing that Venezuela’s ruling party achieved hegemony—presenting its ideas as the ideas of all—while Bolivia’s ruling party did not. The Venezuelan Right was compelled to act on the Left’s political terrain; this pushed it to implement participatory reform in an unexpectedly robust way. In Bolivia, demobilization of popular movements led to an inhospitable environment for local democratic deepening under any party. Democracy on the Ground shows that, just as right-wing hegemony can reshape the Left, leftist hegemony can reshape the Right. Offering new perspectives on participation, populism, and Latin American politics, this book challenges widespread ideas about the constraints on democracy.
This book challenges the assumptions of modern criminal law that insanity is a natural, legally and medically defined phenomenon (covering a range of medical disorders). By doing so, it paves the way for a new perspective on insanity and can serve as the basis for a new approach to insanity in modern criminal law. The book covers the following aspects: the structure of the principle of fault in modern criminal law, the development of the insanity defense in criminal law, tangential in personam defenses in criminal law and their implications for insanity and the legal mechanism of reproduction of fault. The focus is on the Anglo-American and European-Continental legal systems. Given the attention consistently drawn by international and domestic events in this context, the book will be of interest to a broad and growing international audience.
Los informativos en el entorno digital contemporáneo cuentan con una serie de nuevas posibilidades para su conformación, para su difusión diversificada y oportuna, y para convocar e involucrar de modos diferentes y creativos a sus audiencias. Éstas, a su vez, cada vez más se involucran activamente con la información, no sólo en su recepción como ha sido siempre, sino en su producción y emisión también, interactuando de maneras imprevisibles con ella, ampliándola, reconstruyéndola, reinventándola y corrigiéndola, pero manteniéndola en circulación con diversos grados de modificación. Los autores reunidos en este libro contribuyen, desde sus posiciones e interacciones, con información para entender aspectos particulares de lo informativo.
¿Qué significa ser creativo en la era digital?, ¿cómo se puede o se ha podido en la televisión? y ¿para qué serlo justamente en un escenario donde la creatividad parece causa y efecto de sí misma? Éstas son, apenas, algunas de las preguntas que se plantean y se tratan de contestar en los capítulos de este libro. Esta edición de Tvmorfosis aborda, entre otros temas, ¿cómo ha florecido la ya desahuciada televisión?, los cambios que han experimentado las audiencias, las transformaciones de las legislaciones relacionadas con la televisión y con los nuevos medios. Además, se tratan casos regionales, como el de Colombia y Brasil, y particulares como las audiencias infantiles o el de la creatividad desde y para el público, o bien, el cambio cultural que se está gestando en la era digital y con los nuevos modelos de Televisión.
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