Macroeconomics, which along with microeconomics forms one of the two most general fields of studies in economics, deals with an economy as a whole—national, regional and global. This textbook on macroeconomics in its second edition makes significant contribution to teaching and learning of the subject. Macroeconomics texts that are available present mathematical models and theories without using mathematics. Hence, students find it difficult to get a clear idea of the theories presented. Using elementary tools of school level mathematics, this book presents the theories mathematically and illustrates them diagrammatically. The purpose is to give the students a clear vision of the theories presented. Meanings of every equation, every expression and intuition of every result are clearly explained. Every mathematical step involved in the derivation of the results is fully explained. Upon reading this book, a student will learn how to construct a macroeconomic model mathematically, how to illustrate the solution of the model diagrammatically and how to carry out stability analysis and comparative static exercises mathematically and diagrammatically. The book presents both Keynesian and neoclassical macroeconomic theories lucidly, evaluates them in the light of real life experiences and makes a comparative assessment of the two schools of thought in macroeconomics. In this respect also, this book constitutes a unique contribution as a textbook of macroeconomics. KEY FEATURES • Explains the concepts in an easy-to-understand language. • Includes numerous exercises within the text as well as at the end of each chapter. • Illustrates the concepts with the help of examples, figures and tables. NEW TO THE EDITION • Chapters 3, 9 and 10 have been revised thoroughly to add new insights into the theories presented there. • Some of the other chapters have also been revised to improve their quality and coverage. • The data tables have also been updated to illustrate the applications of the theories using recent data. • Solution hints have been added to most of the difficult problems. • This book is intended mainly as a text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for their courses in Macroeconomics. Besides, students of management will also find the book immensely useful in acquiring fundamental knowledge of macroeconomics, which is crucial for making business decisions. TARGET AUDIENCE • BA/B.Sc.—Economics on Macroeconomics. • MA/M.Sc.—Economics on Macroeconomics. • MBA—Most B–schools have a paper on Macroeconomics in their MBA programme.
The objective of the theory of public finance is to determine the optimal scales of government interventions or expenditures in different areas and the optimum modes of financing these expenditures. The theories continuously search for better, more acceptable and easier-to-implement solutions to the problems encountered. This book, in its third edition, continues to present, in detail, the theories of public finance, fundamental principles, and decisions taken by the Government on the basis of the guidelines yielded by these theories. This book exposes the students to various facets of public finance which develops analytical frameworks to: • Address the issues of efficient allocation of resources between private, public and mixed goods • Ensure equitable distribution of tax burden among individuals • Find ways of minimizing inefficiency of the tax structure • Study the statutory and economic incidence of different types of taxes • Examine the implications of government borrowing • Develop the rationale of distributing economic or fiscal responsibilities and tax powers among different tiers of government. The book makes the comprehension of the subject easier by developing simple mathematical models to derive the major results in each of the above areas, and by explaining the economic intuition of the results in detail. The concepts are illustrated with the help of simple examples taken from the Indian economy. Moreover, the book assesses India's economic policies in the light of the theories discussed. Another distinguishing feature of the book is that it contains a large number of review questions and numerical problems on every topic discussed, to help the students apply the tools and techniques learnt, and thereby, develop a sound understanding of the subject. This textbook is designed to serve the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics for the paper Public Finance/Public Economics. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION • Introduces a new Chapter 11 on Goods and Services Tax (GST) • Incorporates updated data (in the tables) throughout, including the newly revised tax slabs. TARGET AUDIENCE Undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for a course in Public Finance/Public Economics.
India is an open economy, and the dynamics of it can be witnessed from the inflation and deflation of the rupee value in the market. This comprehensive book on Indian Economy shows how it behaves, and how its parameters are weighed and analyzed vis-à-vis the macroeconomic theories. This book attempts to make a more complete and clearer presentation of the basic models of macroeconomics principles, and their effect on India’s current economic conditions. International Monetary Fund (IMF) thrusted upon New Economic Policy in India, which aims at leaving the allocation of resources entirely to the market forces deriving its rationale from neoclassical macroeconomics. This neoclassical macroeconomics is dealt with in a proper perspective in the book. Part I presents the basic models of open economy macroeconomics, and Part II applies them to explain India’s recent macroeconomic performance. The book also assesses India’s current fiscal policy, monetary policy and the policy of forcible land acquisition for promotion of modern industry. The book is designed as a reference for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics
A budding film director and a wannabe film producer are in need of a movie script that can upsurge the box office. The would -be director approaches a novice but promising writer who writes a romantic story for the film. The story portrays childhood love and lost friendship. It is a touching story of a group of four childhood friends and girlfriends who are separated due to various reasons. Years later the protagonist attempts to track down his companions and this forms the background of the story. The protagonist who is a now renowned doctor easily forgets his early love for the sake of his career. But finally he understands that the real meaning of success lies in contentment. #v&spublishers
‘I WILL BE HAPPY: Estoy Seguro’ is a collection of 10 short stories. All these stories encompass around children belonging to the different strata of the society. Often elders overlook the emotional sides of their young ones which result in an unexpected outcome. These young children, by their innocence often breaks the traditional myth that had remained embedded in the mind of the elders. Thus they become the source of inspiration for the others and teaches other about the true goal of life.
This book is a comprehensive introduction to the theories and recent debates on international political economy (IPE). It illustrates the theoretical ideas of the discipline and provides an in-depth understanding of regional and global political economy. The book focusses on the functioning of states and the economy within the perspective of world politics. It explores the theories realism, liberalism, liberal interdependence, hegemonic stability and dependency vis-à-vis the contemporary global economic and political scenario. It provides a historical overview of the developments in the field and study of IPE, institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization; the effects of globalization; the movement of capital; and the contested relationship between human development and democracy. The book examines the effects of neoliberal policies on the functioning of states and highlights the challenges and dilemmas of prioritizing development especially for developing countries. The author also looks at regional formations like the EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, APEC and BRICS and their contributions to political and economic cooperation and trade. The book will be useful to the students, researchers and faculty working in the fields of political economy, international relations, economics, political science and development studies.
Drawing on a decade of fieldwork in the borderlands of northern Bangladesh and eastern India, A Thousand Tiny Cuts chronicles the slow transformation of a connected region into national borderlands and shows the foundational place of gender and sexuality in the meaning and management of threat in relation to mobility. It recasts a singular focus on border fences and border crossings to show, instead, that bordering is an expansive and accumulative reordering of relations of value. Devaluations-of agrarian land and crops, borderland youth undesirable as brides and grooms in their respective national hinterlands, disconnection of regional infrastructures, and social and physical geographies disordered by surveillance-proliferate as the costs of militarization across this ostensibly "friendly" border. Through a textured ethnography of the gendered political economy of mobility across a postcolonial borderlands in South Asia, this ambitious book challenges anthropological understanding of the violence of bordering, migration and citizenship, and transnational inequalities that are based on Euro-American borders and security regimes"--
This book deals with every aspect of oceanography in detail including various aspects of physical, chemical, geological, and biological discourse. ‘Earth and Planetary Science’ is perhaps the oldest, dynamic, and ever-evolving subject. Oceanography is one of its domains, which has become important in the present date, given the ubiquitous and undeniable climate change that we are experiencing. The subject domain of oceanography encompasses several environmental issues, which need serious attention from the present scientific community. Despite the ocean’s significant role in the collective well-being of the human race, a multitude of anthropogenic activities has drastically polluted and degraded several crucial oceanic ecosystems within a short span. This book aims to present a concise yet succinct introduction to Oceanography as a subject and at the same time highlight the cutting-edge topics of research encompassing marine pollution, coastal processes, and many other associated phenomena. Oceanography is an interdisciplinary emerging subject and students all over the world who come from varied disciplines are pursuing it as higher studies. Long sections are devoted to ocean–atmosphere interaction, tides, waves, and related coastal processes. The book represents a comprehensive idea of human activities bestowing the ocean with particular reference to Indian examples. This book helps to understand marine pollution and the behavior of oil, plastic, and other agents in the light of real-world examples and empirical models. Harnessing electricity from waves and tides is a technological advancement in the field of unconventional energy. The vast resources of the ocean like oil, mineral, methane hydrate, and their proper estimation and exploitation is the topic of discussion in the third part of the book. This book is designated to meet the essential needs of the students studying oceanography and marine science. It may be helpful to professional oceanographers also.
In this collection of essays, the author traces trails of footprints from the edge of today to the precinct of yesterday. The essays are about the author's journey in the academic and professional world of engineering, as Professor, Researcher and S&T administrator. It is about SOUL, School of Upna Life, a school where knowledge is not a burden, learning is not dictation, and incoherence is heard. It is about a school where mirrors can turn into windows. It is about knowledge and ignorance. It is about happiness. It is about a dormant film-maker. It is about an antifragile city. It is about the engineering of a complete man. It is about a Renaissance Man. It is about idle conversations one has with himself.
Present world is witnessing drastic changes harshly impacting its bio-resources (plants, animals and organisms) that are considered as natural gift for our livelihood. Global warming, climate change, abiotic and biotic stresses are strangling and challenging the survivability of these resources. It is therefore crucial to manage these resources for making planet Earth more suitable to live. Moreover, there is an utter need to know how climate dynamic and biotic or abiotic factors are influencing on bio-resources and also to frame its sustainable management strategies. This book is the output of the research deliberations at 3rd International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management, India; and expert views on contemporary research and management issues in relation to bio-resources and its management. This timely needed uniquely written reference book consists of 29 well-crafted chapters on sustainable land, water and crop management, organic agriculture, climate change and crop productivity, stress management, bio-resource conservation, bio-fortification for nutritional security, agro-techniques, agro-forestry and forest resource management and waste management etc. which certainly will be of great use by the scientists, academician, researches, scholars, students, extension workers, corporate and NGO’s working in these aspects.
Papers presented at the Seminar: Alternative Global Futures, held at Kolkata during 5-6 March 2003 and the Seminar: State, Nation and Democracy : Global Politics in the 21st Century, held at Kolkata during 9-10 March 2004
The knowledge and general range of interest in Indian history is restricted to Indus Valley Civilization, Mughal Dynasty (that too up to Aurangzeb's reign), Sher Shah Suri (for his building Grand Trunk Road, though it was built long before him), Mohammad-ibn Tughlak (due to the wrong and whimsical actions shown during his reign) and British era (restricted to Battle of Plassey and Lord Clive). Moreover, the major focus of history is oriented mainly around political history. Social and natural history is mostly ignored from general historical information. The 12,000-year-old Indian historical timeline is vast, and it may take years to acquire reasonable knowledge of the history of India. This book makes an effort to catch this vast spectrum of Indian history as a snippet in limited space. Efforts are made to capture social, natural, scientific, art, and human history alongside political history. Indian history, for the general readers, focuses mostly on North Indian (?ry?varta) History. Not many are aware of the rich history of the south of Vindhya Range and also the history of India that exists east of Patna. This book attempts to capture the contemporary history of South India and Eastern India along with North Indian History. The study of history is not complete unless one gets an overall global perspective of a particular period. This book tries to capture contemporary Global History alongside Indian History in that particular age.
The book compares neoclassical and Marxian economics and points out that both the schools of thought seek to analyze how a capitalist society functions. The authors show that the neoclassical economics vindicates capitalism and prescribes policies that further the interest of the rich (giant capitalists), who own most of the non-human productive resources of the economy, whereas Marxian analysis yields the result that a capitalist society is exploitative and crisis-prone. Marxian economics also suggests that the class struggle inherent in a capitalist society will eventually transform it into an equal, just and humane socialist society The book also presents Keynesian theory, which suggests measures that can counter at least some of the crises that Marx said a capitalist country is subject to. It discusses the current state of the capitalist world, the recent crises it was subject to and assesses the three theories in the light of these experiences. It recounts the current states of two important socialist states, namely, China and Cuba. It discusses the economic performance of Soviet Union since its birth and explains the reasons for its disintegration. It compares economic performances of the capitalist and the socialist states and assesses in the light of the experiences of these two blocs of countries which school of thought is more acceptable and closer to the truth.
The objective of the theory of public finance is to determine the optimal scales of government interventions or expenditures in different areas and the optimum modes of financing these expenditures. The theories continuously search for better, more acceptable and easier-to-implement solutions to the problems encountered. This book, in its third edition, continues to present, in detail, the theories of public finance, fundamental principles, and decisions taken by the Government on the basis of the guidelines yielded by these theories. This book exposes the students to various facets of public finance which develops analytical frameworks to: • Address the issues of efficient allocation of resources between private, public and mixed goods • Ensure equitable distribution of tax burden among individuals • Find ways of minimizing inefficiency of the tax structure • Study the statutory and economic incidence of different types of taxes • Examine the implications of government borrowing • Develop the rationale of distributing economic or fiscal responsibilities and tax powers among different tiers of government. The book makes the comprehension of the subject easier by developing simple mathematical models to derive the major results in each of the above areas, and by explaining the economic intuition of the results in detail. The concepts are illustrated with the help of simple examples taken from the Indian economy. Moreover, the book assesses India's economic policies in the light of the theories discussed. Another distinguishing feature of the book is that it contains a large number of review questions and numerical problems on every topic discussed, to help the students apply the tools and techniques learnt, and thereby, develop a sound understanding of the subject. This textbook is designed to serve the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics for the paper Public Finance/Public Economics. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION • Introduces a new Chapter 11 on Goods and Services Tax (GST) • Incorporates updated data (in the tables) throughout, including the newly revised tax slabs. TARGET AUDIENCE Undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for a course in Public Finance/Public Economics.
India is an open economy, and the dynamics of it can be witnessed from the inflation and deflation of the rupee value in the market. This comprehensive book on Indian Economy shows how it behaves, and how its parameters are weighed and analyzed vis-à-vis the macroeconomic theories. This book attempts to make a more complete and clearer presentation of the basic models of macroeconomics principles, and their effect on India’s current economic conditions. International Monetary Fund (IMF) thrusted upon New Economic Policy in India, which aims at leaving the allocation of resources entirely to the market forces deriving its rationale from neoclassical macroeconomics. This neoclassical macroeconomics is dealt with in a proper perspective in the book. Part I presents the basic models of open economy macroeconomics, and Part II applies them to explain India’s recent macroeconomic performance. The book also assesses India’s current fiscal policy, monetary policy and the policy of forcible land acquisition for promotion of modern industry. The book is designed as a reference for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics
This is a fascinating autobiography set before the partition of the subcontinent. Kali Prasad Ghosh belonged to a zamindar or landed family in Bengal. He joined the Congress movement and later, in the 1920s, became more radical. He was brought up as an intellectual but, in the end, his interest shifted to making bombs intended to blow up British property. The narrative if that of a man looking back and trying to understand his own coming to political awareness in the 1920s and 30s. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
The objective of the theory of public finance is to determine the optimal scales of government interventions or expenditures in different areas and the optimum modes of financing these expenditures. The problems that the government handles are extremely complex and this makes the theory of public finance challenging and exciting at the same time. It is continuously searching for better, more acceptable and easier-to-implement solutions to the problems encountered. To help the readers get a clear idea about this fascinating field of study, this book builds up in detail the major theories of public finance starting from the first principles and explains how government decisions are taken on the basis of the guidelines yielded by these theories. This book exposes the students to various facets of public finance which develops analytical frameworks to: Address the issues of efficient allocation of resources between private, public and mixed goods Ensure equitable distribution of tax burden among individuals Find ways of minimizing inefficiency of the tax structure Study the statutory and economic incidence of different types of taxes Examine the implications of government borrowing Develop the rationale of distributing economic or fiscal responsibilities and tax powers among different tiers of government. The book makes the comprehension of the subject easier by developing simple mathematical models to derive the major results in each of the above areas, and by explaining the economic intuition of the results in detail. The concepts are illustrated with the help of simple examples from the Indian economy. Moreover, the book assesses India’s economic policies in the light of the theories discussed. This drives home the relevance of the subject and makes the theories meaningful to the students. Another distinguishing feature of the book is that it contains a large number of review questions and numerical problems on every topic discussed to help the students apply the tools and techniques learnt and thereby develop a sound understanding of the subject. This textbook is designed to serve the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics for a course in Public Finance/Public Economics.
Deep Learning Models for Medical Imaging explains the concepts of Deep Learning (DL) and its importance in medical imaging and/or healthcare using two different case studies: a) cytology image analysis and b) coronavirus (COVID-19) prediction, screening, and decision-making, using publicly available datasets in their respective experiments. Of many DL models, custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), ResNet, InceptionNet and DenseNet are used. The results follow 'with' and 'without' transfer learning (including different optimization solutions), in addition to the use of data augmentation and ensemble networks. DL models for medical imaging are suitable for a wide range of readers starting from early career research scholars, professors/scientists to industrialists. - Provides a step-by-step approach to develop deep learning models - Presents case studies showing end-to-end implementation (source codes: available upon request)
“Never Back Down” is not only the title of an intensely personal journal, it is a phrase that has defined Shankar’s life for all of nearly seven decades. Trials and tribulations have challenged him at almost every turn, but that has not, in any way and ever, deflected him. The book charts out his journey from the chilly winter of his birth in a charity hospital in London, through a very troubled childhood, all the way to becoming one of the most respected cryogenic specialists in the country, literally working at temperatures that range from -271°C with liquid helium vessels to 1,700°C hanging above rivers of molten steel. In many ways, Shankar’s life has mirrored the epic transformation that has been the story of India. The pangs of a country finding its feet in an unforgiving world, the willingness to sacrifice its today for a glorious tomorrow and most importantly, never lose sight of its destiny. That is India, and that is Shankar. This journal is as honest an attempt to capture his journey, as could be.
The book compares neoclassical and Marxian economics and points out that both the schools of thought seek to analyze how a capitalist society functions. The authors show that the neoclassical economics vindicates capitalism and prescribes policies that further the interest of the rich (giant capitalists), who own most of the non-human productive resources of the economy, whereas Marxian analysis yields the result that a capitalist society is exploitative and crisis-prone. Marxian economics also suggests that the class struggle inherent in a capitalist society will eventually transform it into an equal, just and humane socialist society The book also presents Keynesian theory, which suggests measures that can counter at least some of the crises that Marx said a capitalist country is subject to. It discusses the current state of the capitalist world, the recent crises it was subject to and assesses the three theories in the light of these experiences. It recounts the current states of two important socialist states, namely, China and Cuba. It discusses the economic performance of Soviet Union since its birth and explains the reasons for its disintegration. It compares economic performances of the capitalist and the socialist states and assesses in the light of the experiences of these two blocs of countries which school of thought is more acceptable and closer to the truth.
This book makes an original and significant contribution to Keynesian macroeconomics. The IS-LM model is a basic workhorse of Keynesian macroeconomics. However, its financial aspects are extremely rudimentary and the link between the real and the financial sector is extremely tenuous. Hence, neither the IS-LM model nor IS-LM-based models can be applied to the major economic issues facing today’s world. This book develops alternative models in the Keynesian tradition that incorporate financial institutions and make explicit the intimate link between the processes of generation of income, saving, credit and expenditure. It subsequently uses these models to address the major current macroeconomic issues that India and the rest of the world are confronted with. In the Indian context, it focuses on the issues of unemployment, growth, recession, bank performance, banking sector reforms and corruption. It also seeks to identify the causes of economic crises in Greece and the US. The analysis reveals a common trend in the economies considered here: the policy framework within which they function is recessionary, exploitative and fosters unemployment, inequality and poverty. Further, this framework is leading these economies farther away from the goal that every civilized society should strive to achieve, namely, providing all citizens with suitably gainful jobs and adequate access to quality food, clothing, shelter, education and health care. The book seeks to identify the cause of this malady, and puts forward policies to remedy it. It thus contains takeaways for academia, think tanks as well as policy makers.
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