The objective of the theory of public finance is to determine the optimal scales of government interventions or expenditures in different areas and the optimum modes of financing these expenditures. The theories continuously search for better, more acceptable and easier-to-implement solutions to the problems encountered. This book, in its third edition, continues to present, in detail, the theories of public finance, fundamental principles, and decisions taken by the Government on the basis of the guidelines yielded by these theories. This book exposes the students to various facets of public finance which develops analytical frameworks to: • Address the issues of efficient allocation of resources between private, public and mixed goods • Ensure equitable distribution of tax burden among individuals • Find ways of minimizing inefficiency of the tax structure • Study the statutory and economic incidence of different types of taxes • Examine the implications of government borrowing • Develop the rationale of distributing economic or fiscal responsibilities and tax powers among different tiers of government. The book makes the comprehension of the subject easier by developing simple mathematical models to derive the major results in each of the above areas, and by explaining the economic intuition of the results in detail. The concepts are illustrated with the help of simple examples taken from the Indian economy. Moreover, the book assesses India's economic policies in the light of the theories discussed. Another distinguishing feature of the book is that it contains a large number of review questions and numerical problems on every topic discussed, to help the students apply the tools and techniques learnt, and thereby, develop a sound understanding of the subject. This textbook is designed to serve the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics for the paper Public Finance/Public Economics. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION • Introduces a new Chapter 11 on Goods and Services Tax (GST) • Incorporates updated data (in the tables) throughout, including the newly revised tax slabs. TARGET AUDIENCE Undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for a course in Public Finance/Public Economics.
Macroeconomics, which along with microeconomics forms one of the two most general fields of studies in economics, deals with an economy as a whole—national, regional and global. This textbook on macroeconomics in its second edition makes significant contribution to teaching and learning of the subject. Macroeconomics texts that are available present mathematical models and theories without using mathematics. Hence, students find it difficult to get a clear idea of the theories presented. Using elementary tools of school level mathematics, this book presents the theories mathematically and illustrates them diagrammatically. The purpose is to give the students a clear vision of the theories presented. Meanings of every equation, every expression and intuition of every result are clearly explained. Every mathematical step involved in the derivation of the results is fully explained. Upon reading this book, a student will learn how to construct a macroeconomic model mathematically, how to illustrate the solution of the model diagrammatically and how to carry out stability analysis and comparative static exercises mathematically and diagrammatically. The book presents both Keynesian and neoclassical macroeconomic theories lucidly, evaluates them in the light of real life experiences and makes a comparative assessment of the two schools of thought in macroeconomics. In this respect also, this book constitutes a unique contribution as a textbook of macroeconomics. KEY FEATURES • Explains the concepts in an easy-to-understand language. • Includes numerous exercises within the text as well as at the end of each chapter. • Illustrates the concepts with the help of examples, figures and tables. NEW TO THE EDITION • Chapters 3, 9 and 10 have been revised thoroughly to add new insights into the theories presented there. • Some of the other chapters have also been revised to improve their quality and coverage. • The data tables have also been updated to illustrate the applications of the theories using recent data. • Solution hints have been added to most of the difficult problems. • This book is intended mainly as a text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for their courses in Macroeconomics. Besides, students of management will also find the book immensely useful in acquiring fundamental knowledge of macroeconomics, which is crucial for making business decisions. TARGET AUDIENCE • BA/B.Sc.—Economics on Macroeconomics. • MA/M.Sc.—Economics on Macroeconomics. • MBA—Most B–schools have a paper on Macroeconomics in their MBA programme.
This book makes an original and significant contribution to Keynesian macroeconomics. The IS-LM model is a basic workhorse of Keynesian macroeconomics. However, its financial aspects are extremely rudimentary and the link between the real and the financial sector is extremely tenuous. Hence, neither the IS-LM model nor IS-LM-based models can be applied to the major economic issues facing today’s world. This book develops alternative models in the Keynesian tradition that incorporate financial institutions and make explicit the intimate link between the processes of generation of income, saving, credit and expenditure. It subsequently uses these models to address the major current macroeconomic issues that India and the rest of the world are confronted with. In the Indian context, it focuses on the issues of unemployment, growth, recession, bank performance, banking sector reforms and corruption. It also seeks to identify the causes of economic crises in Greece and the US. The analysis reveals a common trend in the economies considered here: the policy framework within which they function is recessionary, exploitative and fosters unemployment, inequality and poverty. Further, this framework is leading these economies farther away from the goal that every civilized society should strive to achieve, namely, providing all citizens with suitably gainful jobs and adequate access to quality food, clothing, shelter, education and health care. The book seeks to identify the cause of this malady, and puts forward policies to remedy it. It thus contains takeaways for academia, think tanks as well as policy makers.
The objective of the theory of public finance is to determine the optimal scales of government interventions or expenditures in different areas and the optimum modes of financing these expenditures. The theories continuously search for better, more acceptable and easier-to-implement solutions to the problems encountered. This book, in its third edition, continues to present, in detail, the theories of public finance, fundamental principles, and decisions taken by the Government on the basis of the guidelines yielded by these theories. This book exposes the students to various facets of public finance which develops analytical frameworks to: • Address the issues of efficient allocation of resources between private, public and mixed goods • Ensure equitable distribution of tax burden among individuals • Find ways of minimizing inefficiency of the tax structure • Study the statutory and economic incidence of different types of taxes • Examine the implications of government borrowing • Develop the rationale of distributing economic or fiscal responsibilities and tax powers among different tiers of government. The book makes the comprehension of the subject easier by developing simple mathematical models to derive the major results in each of the above areas, and by explaining the economic intuition of the results in detail. The concepts are illustrated with the help of simple examples taken from the Indian economy. Moreover, the book assesses India's economic policies in the light of the theories discussed. Another distinguishing feature of the book is that it contains a large number of review questions and numerical problems on every topic discussed, to help the students apply the tools and techniques learnt, and thereby, develop a sound understanding of the subject. This textbook is designed to serve the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics for the paper Public Finance/Public Economics. NEW TO THE THIRD EDITION • Introduces a new Chapter 11 on Goods and Services Tax (GST) • Incorporates updated data (in the tables) throughout, including the newly revised tax slabs. TARGET AUDIENCE Undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for a course in Public Finance/Public Economics.
The book compares neoclassical and Marxian economics and points out that both the schools of thought seek to analyze how a capitalist society functions. The authors show that the neoclassical economics vindicates capitalism and prescribes policies that further the interest of the rich (giant capitalists), who own most of the non-human productive resources of the economy, whereas Marxian analysis yields the result that a capitalist society is exploitative and crisis-prone. Marxian economics also suggests that the class struggle inherent in a capitalist society will eventually transform it into an equal, just and humane socialist society The book also presents Keynesian theory, which suggests measures that can counter at least some of the crises that Marx said a capitalist country is subject to. It discusses the current state of the capitalist world, the recent crises it was subject to and assesses the three theories in the light of these experiences. It recounts the current states of two important socialist states, namely, China and Cuba. It discusses the economic performance of Soviet Union since its birth and explains the reasons for its disintegration. It compares economic performances of the capitalist and the socialist states and assesses in the light of the experiences of these two blocs of countries which school of thought is more acceptable and closer to the truth.
Macroeconomics, which along with microeconomics forms one of the two most general fields of studies in economics, deals with an economy as a whole—national, regional and global. This textbook on macroeconomics in its second edition makes significant contribution to teaching and learning of the subject. Macroeconomics texts that are available present mathematical models and theories without using mathematics. Hence, students find it difficult to get a clear idea of the theories presented. Using elementary tools of school level mathematics, this book presents the theories mathematically and illustrates them diagrammatically. The purpose is to give the students a clear vision of the theories presented. Meanings of every equation, every expression and intuition of every result are clearly explained. Every mathematical step involved in the derivation of the results is fully explained. Upon reading this book, a student will learn how to construct a macroeconomic model mathematically, how to illustrate the solution of the model diagrammatically and how to carry out stability analysis and comparative static exercises mathematically and diagrammatically. The book presents both Keynesian and neoclassical macroeconomic theories lucidly, evaluates them in the light of real life experiences and makes a comparative assessment of the two schools of thought in macroeconomics. In this respect also, this book constitutes a unique contribution as a textbook of macroeconomics. KEY FEATURES • Explains the concepts in an easy-to-understand language. • Includes numerous exercises within the text as well as at the end of each chapter. • Illustrates the concepts with the help of examples, figures and tables. NEW TO THE EDITION • Chapters 3, 9 and 10 have been revised thoroughly to add new insights into the theories presented there. • Some of the other chapters have also been revised to improve their quality and coverage. • The data tables have also been updated to illustrate the applications of the theories using recent data. • Solution hints have been added to most of the difficult problems. • This book is intended mainly as a text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics for their courses in Macroeconomics. Besides, students of management will also find the book immensely useful in acquiring fundamental knowledge of macroeconomics, which is crucial for making business decisions. TARGET AUDIENCE • BA/B.Sc.—Economics on Macroeconomics. • MA/M.Sc.—Economics on Macroeconomics. • MBA—Most B–schools have a paper on Macroeconomics in their MBA programme.
India is an open economy, and the dynamics of it can be witnessed from the inflation and deflation of the rupee value in the market. This comprehensive book on Indian Economy shows how it behaves, and how its parameters are weighed and analyzed vis-à-vis the macroeconomic theories. This book attempts to make a more complete and clearer presentation of the basic models of macroeconomics principles, and their effect on India’s current economic conditions. International Monetary Fund (IMF) thrusted upon New Economic Policy in India, which aims at leaving the allocation of resources entirely to the market forces deriving its rationale from neoclassical macroeconomics. This neoclassical macroeconomics is dealt with in a proper perspective in the book. Part I presents the basic models of open economy macroeconomics, and Part II applies them to explain India’s recent macroeconomic performance. The book also assesses India’s current fiscal policy, monetary policy and the policy of forcible land acquisition for promotion of modern industry. The book is designed as a reference for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics
This book is a comprehensive introduction to the theories and recent debates on international political economy (IPE). It illustrates the theoretical ideas of the discipline and provides an in-depth understanding of regional and global political economy. The book focusses on the functioning of states and the economy within the perspective of world politics. It explores the theories realism, liberalism, liberal interdependence, hegemonic stability and dependency vis-à-vis the contemporary global economic and political scenario. It provides a historical overview of the developments in the field and study of IPE, institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank and World Trade Organization; the effects of globalization; the movement of capital; and the contested relationship between human development and democracy. The book examines the effects of neoliberal policies on the functioning of states and highlights the challenges and dilemmas of prioritizing development especially for developing countries. The author also looks at regional formations like the EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, APEC and BRICS and their contributions to political and economic cooperation and trade. The book will be useful to the students, researchers and faculty working in the fields of political economy, international relations, economics, political science and development studies.
Sportswriters were critical. There were no concrete plans for the national football team. No sustained or coherent training. Unfortunately, the Indian teams were mocked. Ciric Milovan, the Yugoslavia coach, who had served as the Indian coach for a brief period in the 80s, made us believe that India can give a good account against any country in the world. Many of us remembered how Indian footballers put up a brave fight against Carlos Bilardo's probable World Cup squad of Argentina at the Eden Gardens. But why had he left the country? Utter disgrace. And, before he left the country what was his comment? It is revealed in pages of Kick off. What is India's National Football League? I have often faced the question even from my friends in the Asian Football Confederation, blissfully unaware that it does not have a National League. FIFA guidelines do not allow any private company to run a National League. Yet, AIFF signed an agreement with the founding Chairperson of Football Sports Development Limited (FSDL), Mrs. Nita Ambani, wife of India's richest business personality, Mukesh Ambani. Incidentally, India is the only soccer-playing nation where promotion or relegation rules do not exist.It was argued by the AIFF President, Mr. Praful Patel, the former Union Minister, that under the patronage of a corporate house, Indian football would make tremendous progress, particularly with the introduction of ISL, the Professional League.But where does Indian football stand now? A look at the book will reveal where Indian football stands in different age group tournaments as well as our senior national team, with facts and figures, since the emergence of the new look of Indian football management.Peter Velappan, the eminent soccer administrator, who had served as the secretary of the Asian Football Confederation for more than a decade, and with whom I had worked for a year, in 2004, in Malaysia as a media officer and a consultant in the Vision Asia project, always reminded: ''Please, do not mix sports and politics, or else the standard of Indian soccer will never come up.” Since 1988, Indian football is being controlled by two politicians.The book has been written, keeping in mind the readers of all ages, as well as soccer followers all over the world, dissecting the reason for the ills prevailing in Indian soccer, a country with a population of 135 crores.
Decades of conflict and war have forced millions of men, women and children to flee from their homes and seek refuge in other parts of the country or in foreign lands - Afghanistan is one such country. This book is a study of the displaced Afghan migrant population in India, in particular the persecuted Sikhs and Hindus who are religious minorities in Afghanistan and make up a majority of Afghan migrants in India. It explores the relationship between acculturation and identity development. By focusing on the interactions between the Afghan immigrant population and the Indian society, the author analyses how the community negotiates identity and marginality in a country that does not recognize them as refugees. The author explains how the Afghan migrant population manages and negotiates various identities, bestowed upon them by the societies in their home and host countries in their day to day existence in India. An important study of acculturation and adaptation issues of migrant groups in the setting of a developing country, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of refugee and migration studies, ethnography of (ethnic) identity, and Middle East and South Asian Studies.
The goal of this book is to develop a programmatic tool called individuation which roughly works as a theory of prominence in language. To make the idea of individuation more concrete, I use it as a linguistic feature in the present implementation of the programme. The linguistic elements which are more individuated contain more information than others (paradigmatically) and are more prominent than their syntagmatic neighbours. There are some tools in a language which are used by the speakers to make any linguistic element more individuated, therefore, more prominent. Emphasizers, demonstratives and classifiers are some of them. The theoretical approach taken in this book follows Nicolas Ruwet and his hermeneutic way of studying linguistics. This approach not only considers the grammatical aspect of a linguistic study but also accounts for the psychological aspects of a communication, a speaker, and a hearer, as these appear in a linguist's consciousness. I relate Ruwet's work with Indian study of meaning and philosophy of language, viz., with Bhartrhari's sphota theory. Meaning is understood from the words on the basis of their manifestation as objects of the sense of hearing. Based on this idea of Bhartrhari, the present work places the hearer in a very important position in a linguistic theory. Therefore, the grammatical properties of what is said are not determined from something present in the formal object but in the generosity of a patient listener who takes on board the linguistic as well as social context of an act of speaking.
The work traces the genesis and the growth of education in India through various socio-economic and political changes over a period of 5,000 years from 3000 B.C. to 1999 A.D. In ancient India, education, which emerged out of the Indian religious scriptures, contributed most to the development of a prosperous civilization and culture in the sub-continent. In medieval times the Muslim rulers replaced the existing systems of education by introducing their own education to meet the growing needs of a Muslim administration and of a Muslim community. And, when the British replaced the Muslims as rulers, they also instituted their own system of education to meet imperial requirements. The Hindu learning, which survived in the bordering Hindu kingdoms in medieval India, almost perished under the impact of Western learning. However, the Western education gave birth to a group of enlightened Indians who were able to free India from alien rule and since 1947 began to administer the country with the educational ideas and institutions left by the British, and despite occasional attempts by them to adjust the colonial system of education to Indian conditions, the hopes and aspirations of the nascent Indian nation remained unfulfilled and became further aggravated by the globalization of the Indian market in the last decade of twentieth century. Based on a careful and meticulous use of religious scriptures in ancient India to contemporary Persian work in medieval India, and of archival sources and private papers in modern India, the book is deemed to be the first authentic and comprehensive account of history of education in India.
The objective of the theory of public finance is to determine the optimal scales of government interventions or expenditures in different areas and the optimum modes of financing these expenditures. The problems that the government handles are extremely complex and this makes the theory of public finance challenging and exciting at the same time. It is continuously searching for better, more acceptable and easier-to-implement solutions to the problems encountered. To help the readers get a clear idea about this fascinating field of study, this book builds up in detail the major theories of public finance starting from the first principles and explains how government decisions are taken on the basis of the guidelines yielded by these theories. This book exposes the students to various facets of public finance which develops analytical frameworks to: Address the issues of efficient allocation of resources between private, public and mixed goods Ensure equitable distribution of tax burden among individuals Find ways of minimizing inefficiency of the tax structure Study the statutory and economic incidence of different types of taxes Examine the implications of government borrowing Develop the rationale of distributing economic or fiscal responsibilities and tax powers among different tiers of government. The book makes the comprehension of the subject easier by developing simple mathematical models to derive the major results in each of the above areas, and by explaining the economic intuition of the results in detail. The concepts are illustrated with the help of simple examples from the Indian economy. Moreover, the book assesses India’s economic policies in the light of the theories discussed. This drives home the relevance of the subject and makes the theories meaningful to the students. Another distinguishing feature of the book is that it contains a large number of review questions and numerical problems on every topic discussed to help the students apply the tools and techniques learnt and thereby develop a sound understanding of the subject. This textbook is designed to serve the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics for a course in Public Finance/Public Economics.
The book compares neoclassical and Marxian economics and points out that both the schools of thought seek to analyze how a capitalist society functions. The authors show that the neoclassical economics vindicates capitalism and prescribes policies that further the interest of the rich (giant capitalists), who own most of the non-human productive resources of the economy, whereas Marxian analysis yields the result that a capitalist society is exploitative and crisis-prone. Marxian economics also suggests that the class struggle inherent in a capitalist society will eventually transform it into an equal, just and humane socialist society The book also presents Keynesian theory, which suggests measures that can counter at least some of the crises that Marx said a capitalist country is subject to. It discusses the current state of the capitalist world, the recent crises it was subject to and assesses the three theories in the light of these experiences. It recounts the current states of two important socialist states, namely, China and Cuba. It discusses the economic performance of Soviet Union since its birth and explains the reasons for its disintegration. It compares economic performances of the capitalist and the socialist states and assesses in the light of the experiences of these two blocs of countries which school of thought is more acceptable and closer to the truth.
India is an open economy, and the dynamics of it can be witnessed from the inflation and deflation of the rupee value in the market. This comprehensive book on Indian Economy shows how it behaves, and how its parameters are weighed and analyzed vis-à-vis the macroeconomic theories. This book attempts to make a more complete and clearer presentation of the basic models of macroeconomics principles, and their effect on India’s current economic conditions. International Monetary Fund (IMF) thrusted upon New Economic Policy in India, which aims at leaving the allocation of resources entirely to the market forces deriving its rationale from neoclassical macroeconomics. This neoclassical macroeconomics is dealt with in a proper perspective in the book. Part I presents the basic models of open economy macroeconomics, and Part II applies them to explain India’s recent macroeconomic performance. The book also assesses India’s current fiscal policy, monetary policy and the policy of forcible land acquisition for promotion of modern industry. The book is designed as a reference for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Economics
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