This volume of Progress in Heterocyclic Chemistry(PHC) is the thirteenth annual review of the literature, covering the work published on important heterocyclic ring systems during 2000. In this volume there are two specialized reviews. The first, by H. Ila, H. Junjappa and P.K. Mohanta, covers their work on annulation using ∝-oxoketene dithioacetals, a synthetic method that provides useful routes to an impressively wide range of fused heterocycles. The second, by R. N. Warrener, is on the synthesis of fused 7-azanorbornanes. The 7-azanorbornane structural unit is incorporated into a series of elegant polycyclic molecules with rigid geometry. The subsequent chapters, arranged by increasing heterocycle ring size, review recent advances in the field of heterocyclic chemistry with emphasis on synthesis and reactions.
Criminal Investigation on the Street presents investigative principles and techniques—and applies them to solving real-world crimes—in an engaging, student-friendly style centered on the Investigative Triangle: legal aspects, evidence, and behavioral analysis. Students and instructors alike will benefit from this book’s comprehensive coverage and accessible writing style. Along with the Investigative Triangle model, which provides a solid framework for approaching investigations, students will also learn about Criminal Investigative Analysis, a range of behavior-based services and strategies to help solve crimes. Chapters 1–7 (Section I) present the principles and techniques of criminal investigation—history and theory, legal background, forensics, crime scene, witnesses and informants, interviews and interrogations—including a chapter on crime analysis and Criminal Investigative Analysis. Chapters 8–13 (Section II) apply these principles and techniques to specific types of crime, beginning with assault and death investigations and a separate chapter on culpable homicide. Section II also covers sex crimes; theft, burglary, robbery, and arson; enterprise and white-collar crime, and terrorism. The book is illustrated throughout with a variety of Exhibits: photographs and drawings, flowcharts, facsimiles of police documents, and other instructive visuals. Each chapter begins with an engaging vignette, some based on high-profile news articles and others drawn from the author’s extensive experience. Interactive features—Case Focus, You Call It, and You Write It—occur at strategic points in every chapter, challenging students to answer questions and apply concepts to actual cases and fictional scenarios. Each chapter ends with a return to the Investigative Triangle, assessing how it applies to the chapter’s main topics. Chapters 1–7 (Section I) each include a list of Important Cases (court decisions relevant to the chapter’s key concepts). At the end of every chapter (Sections I and II), the Investigate Further feature provides an annotated list of readings, films, and other resources appropriate for class projects, term papers, and special assignments. Each chapter concludes with review questions and a chapter summary. This book is geared to students in the Criminal Investigation course at both two- and four-year institutions, and will appeal to those aspiring to a career in any field related to criminal investigation.
This book examines the historical context of the earliest Christian martyrs, and anchors their grisly and often wilful self-sacrifice to the everyday life and outlook of the cities of the Roman empire. Professor Bowersock begins by investigating both the time and the region in which martyrdom, as we know it, came into being. He also offers comparisons of the Graeco-Roman background with the martyrology of Jews and Muslims. A study of official protocols illuminates the bureaucratic institutions of the Roman state as they applied to the first martyrs; and the martyrdoms themselves are seen within the context of urban life (and public spectacle) in the great imperial cities. By considering martyrdom in relation to suicide, the author is also able to demonstrate the peculiarly Roman character of Christian self-sacrifice in relation to other forms of deadly resistance to authority.
This is an introductory text for beginners who have a basic knowledge of complex analysis, functional analysis and partial differential equations. Riemann and Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems are discussed for analytic functions, for inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann systems as well as for generalized Beltrami systems. Related problems such as the Poincaré problem, pseudoparabolic systems and complex elliptic second order equations are also considered. Estimates for solutions to linear equations existence and uniqueness results are thus available for related nonlinear problems; the method is explained by constructing entire solutions to nonlinear Beltrami equations. Often problems are discussed just for the unit disc but more general domains, even of multiply connectivity, are involved.
The interdisciplinary nature of tribology encompasses knowledge drawn from disciplines such as mechanical engineering, materials science, chemistry and physics. The interaction between these different fields of knowledge to achieve the final result, the control of friction and wear, is reviewed in this volume. This interdisciplinary approach has proven to be a very successful way of analysing friction and wear problems. In many cases tribology is viewed as an inaccessible subject which does not produce useful answers. In this volume the authors redress this problem by providing a comprehensive treatment of the subject. A basic feature of the book is the emphasis on describing various concepts in an accessible manner for the benefit of non-specialists. This principle is applied from the beginning of the book, where the reader is introduced to the fundamental concept of tribology. This concept is then often used to show how the various topics in tribology are interrelated to form one coherent subject. A direct graphical illustration of the mechanisms controlling tribological phenomena is presented. Carefully prepared diagrams allow rapid appreciation of the basic ideas and facts in tribology. The numerical analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication is supported by a number of computer programs which are included in the book. The control of wear is given extensive treatment with a thorough discussion of lubricant additives, solid lubricants and surface coatings. The effectiveness of coatings in suppressing specific forms of wear is analyzed together with the methods of coatings deposition. The book contains 474 figures and 44 tables. More than 1000 references are provided to give the reader access to more specialized information if required. The volume is intended to provide graduates in engineering or materials science with an understanding of the fundamental concepts of friction, wear and lubrication.
This volume is the first in a self-contained five-volume series devoted to matrix algorithms. It focuses on the computation of matrix decompositions--that is, the factorization of matrices into products of similar ones. The first two chapters provide the required background from mathematics and computer science needed to work effectively in matrix computations. The remaining chapters are devoted to the LU and QR decompositions--their computation and applications. The singular value decomposition is also treated, although algorithms for its computation will appear in the second volume of the series. The present volume contains 65 algorithms formally presented in pseudocode. Other volumes in the series will treat eigensystems, iterative methods, sparse matrices, and structured problems. The series is aimed at the nonspecialist who needs more than black-box proficiency with matrix computations. To give the series focus, the emphasis is on algorithms, their derivation, and their analysis. The reader is assumed to have a knowledge of elementary analysis and linear algebra and a reasonable amount of programming experience, typically that of the beginning graduate engineer or the undergraduate in an honors program. Strictly speaking, the individual volumes are not textbooks, although they are intended to teach, the guiding principle being that if something is worth explaining, it is worth explaining fully. This has necessarily restricted the scope of the series, but the selection of topics should give the reader a sound basis for further study.
The presence of nerve cells in the white matter of the spinal cord and in the spinal and cranial nerves has attracted the attention of some researchers in the past. Because of their location in such unexpected regions, these neurons provided a rich field of speculation regarding their nature and function. This was partic ularly true about the nerve cells lying in the spinal white matter. From phylogenetic considerations, neurons in the spinal white matter are present more abundantly in amphibians, reptiles and brids than in mammals. A. brief survey of literature on lower vertebrates indicates that GASKELL (1885, 1889) was the first to describe the displaced neurons in the white matter of the spinal cord of alligators and various species of birds. In his consideration they were displaced ganglion cells. In 1902 von KOELLIKER gave an exhaustive account of such neurons in the white matter of the spinal cord of reptiles and birds. In these animals he observed clusters of such neurons running in longitudinal columns and thus was able to group them into nuclei known as "Hofmann's nuclei". Further, he suggested that these nuclei arise from the mass of the ventral horn and that they may give rise t. o preganglionic fibers, motor fibers or ventral commissural fibers. In t. he ensuing years investigation of these nuclei was extended by STREE TER, KRAUSE, TERNI, HUBER and others (quoted from ARIENS KAPPERS et. aI. , 1960, Vol. I, p. 206-210).
Saul Kripke is one of the most original and creative philosophers writing today. His work has had a tremendous impact on the direction that philosophy has taken in the last thirty years and continues to dominate some of its most fundamental aspects. Given Kripke's importance it is perhaps surprising that there is no introduction to his philosophy available to the general student. This book fills that gap. As much of Kripke's work is highly technical, the book's central aim is to provide clear exposition of Kripke's ideas in a form that is understandable to a beginning readership as well as a commentary on them that more advanced students will find useful. The book begins with a discussion of Kripke's early work on modal logic, which provides the foundation for many of his later philosophical contributions, before examining in detail Kripke's central ideas and arguments contained in Naming and Necessity. In further chapters, Kripke's work on semantic paradoxes and his theory of truth are outlined as well as his controversial interpretation of Wittgenstein's famous private language argument. Kripke's ideas are situated alongside those of his precursors and some of the most important and interesting responses to them are explored. The reader is thus able to appreciate the path-breaking nature of Kripke's contributions, how they have challenged fundamentally traditional interpretations, and how they have sparked some of the most important philosophical debates of recent years.
Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops is a collection of papers presented at the 11th Long Ashton International Symposium in September 1989. The said symposium is held to study about the increasing incidence of herbicide-resistant weeds and the consideration of the production of herbicide-resistant crops. The book includes studies that suggest the delay and prevention of herbicide resistance; the gravity of the infestation of different herbicide-resistant weed; the management of herbicide resistance; and the mechanisms of herbicide tolerance. Also covered in the book are the improvement of different herbicides, as well as the prospective development of genetically engineered herbicide-resistant plants. Botanists, biochemists, and farmers would greatly benefit from the text, especially those who would like to explore and study the phenomenon.
Widely regarded as the most authoritative and comprehensive book inits field, the fourth edition of Fundamentals of RockMechanics includes new and substantially updated chapters tothis highly praised text. Extensively updated throughout, this new edition containssubstantially expanded chapters on poroelasticity, wavepropogation, and subsurface stresses Features entirely new chapters on rock fractures andmicromechanical models of rock behaviour Discusses fundamental concepts such as stress and strain Offers a thorough introduction to the subject before expertlydelving into a fundamental, self-contained discussion of specifictopics Unavailable for many years, now back by popular demand. An Instructor manual CD-ROM for this title is available. Pleasecontact our Higher Education team at ahref="mailto:HigherEducation@wiley.com"HigherEducation@wiley.com/afor more information. Reviews: “With this attention to detail, and rigorous adherence toclarity and exactness in description, this edition will consolidatethe standing achieved by the earlier editions as a mostauthoritative and comprehensive book in its field. It will continueto serve as a leading reference work for geoscientists interestedin structural geology, tectonics and petrophysics as well as forcivil, mining and petroleum engineers.” (PetroleumGeoscience) "...I consider this book to be an invaluable reference forstudying and understanding the fundamental science at the base ofrock mechanics. I believe this to be a must-have textbook and Istrongly recommend it to anyone, student or professional,interested in the subject." (Rock Mechanics and RockEngineering) "An excellent book, very well presented, and is a must for theshelves of serious engineers and scientists active or interested inthe fields of rock mechanics and rock engineering.... Highlyrecommended." (South African Geographical Journal, 2008)
Crystallography and Crystal Defects Revised Edition A. Kelly, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK G. W. Groves, Exeter College, Oxford, UK and P. Kidd, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, UK The concepts of crystallography are introduced here in such a way that the physical properties of crystals, including their mechanical behaviour, can be better understood and quantified. A unique approach to the treatment of crystals and their defects is taken in that the often separate disciplines of crystallography, tensor analysis, elasticity and dislocation theory are combined in such a way as to equip materials scientists with knowledge of all the basic principles required to interpret data from their experiments. This is a revised and updated version of the widely acclaimed book by Kelly and Groves that was first published nearly thirty years ago. The material remains timely and relevant and the first edition still holds an unrivalled position at the core of the teaching of crystallography and crystal defects today. Undergraduate readers will acquire a rigorous grounding, from first principles, in the crystal classes and the concept of a lattice and its defects and their descriptions using vectors. Researchers will find here all the theorems of crystal structure upon which to base their work and the equations necessary for calculating interplanar spacings, transformation of indices and manipulations involving the stereographic projection and transformations of tensors and matrices.
International ISAAC (International Society for Analysis, its Applications and Computation) Congresses have been held every second year since 1997. The proceedings report on a regular basis on the progresses of the field in recent years, where the most active areas in analysis, its applications and computation are covered. Plenary lectures also highlight recent results. This volume concentrates mainly on partial differential equations, but also includes function spaces, operator theory, integral transforms and equations, potential theory, complex analysis and generalizations, stochastic analysis, inverse problems, homogenization, continuum mechanics, mathematical biology and medicine. With over 350 participants attending the congress, the book comprises 140 papers from 211 authors. The volume also serves for transferring personal information about the ISAAC and its members. This volume includes citations for O Besov, V Burenkov and R P Gilbert on the occasion of their anniversaries.
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