The University of Oxford was a medieval wonder. After its foundation in the late 12th century it made a crucial contribution to the core syllabus of all medieval universities - the study of the liberal arts law, medicine and theology - and attracted teachers of international calibre and fame. The ideas of brilliant thinkers like innovative translator of Greek Robert Grosseteste, pioneering philosopher Roger Bacon and reforming Christian humanist John Colet redirected traditional scholasticism and helped usher in the Renaissance. In her concise and much-praised new history, G R Evans reveals a powerhouse of learning and culture. Over a span of more than 800 years Oxford has nurtured some of the greatest minds, while right across the globe its name is synonymous with educational excellence. From dangerous political upheavals caused by the radical and inflammatory ideas of John Wyclif to the bloody 1555 martyrdoms of Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley; and from John Ruskin's innovative lectures on art and explosive public debate between Charles Darwin and his opponents to gentler meetings of C. S. Lewis, J. R. R.Tolkien and the Inklings in the 'Bird and Baby', Evans brings Oxford's revolutionary events, as well as its remarkable intellectual journey, to vivid and sparkling life.
G. R. Evans revisits the question of what happened at the Reformation. She argues that the controversies that roiled the era are part of a much longer history of discussion and disputation. By showing us just how old these debates really were, Evans brings into high relief their unprecedented outcomes at the moment of the Reformation.
This short and accessible book introduces readers to the problems of heresy, schism and dissidence over the last two millennia. The heresies under discussion range from Gnosticism, influential in the early Christian period, right through to modern sects. The idea of a heretic conjures up many images, from the martyrs prepared to die for their beliefs, through to sects with bizarre practices. This book provides a remarkable insight into the fraught history of heresy, showing how the Church came to insist on orthodoxy when threatened by alternative ideals, exploring the social and political conditions under which heretics were created, and how those involved were 'tested' and punished, often by imprisonment and burning. Engaging written, A Brief History of Heresy is enlivened throughout with fascinating examples of individuals and movements. A short, accessible history of heresy. Spans the last two millennia, from the Gnostics through to modern sects. Considers heresy in relation to ecclesial separatism, doctrinal disagreement, church order, and basic metaphysics. Enlivened with intriguing examples of individuals and movements. Written by a leading academic in the field of Religious History.
Control of Ovulation discusses the general principles and practical applications of ovulation control. The book presents 25 papers that cover the basic research practices and practicalities of ovulation control. The materials are grouped according to their respective themes. The first three parts cover the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary, respectively. The remaining papers discuss concerns regarding the applications of ovulation control, such as ovulation failure; diagnosis of ovulatory disorders; and the induction and synchronization of ovulation. The text will be of great use to practitioners of obstetrics and gynecology in both human and veterinary medicine.
Kitty Cavenaugh, later known as Mother Ross, was born in Dublin in 1667. Raped, then deserted by the young man she had hoped to marry, she was rejected by her father who left the family home to join the hopeless cause of King James II. Rebel Catholics were persecuted and dispossessed by the English. She joined the army of King William III in 1691 following her impressed husband to the wars in Flanders, where she fought at Schellenberg and Blenheim. At Ramillies, she was wounded and her sex discovered, but she stayed with the army in search for Richard, her husband. She observed battles at Oudenarde and at Malplacquet where her Richard was killed. Back home in the UK, she was arrested for debt and saved from the Marshalsea Prison by General Edward Oglethorpe, the founder of the colony of Georgia. Mother Ross was as strong as any man, and braver than most, enduring five serious wounds and many indignities. She bore four children but had little affection for any of them. Thoroughly disreputable in many ways, she lived to the age of seventy-two at a time when few lived beyond forty.
Exponential Fitting is a procedure for an efficient numerical approach of functions consisting of weighted sums of exponential, trigonometric or hyperbolic functions with slowly varying weight functions. This book is the first one devoted to this subject. Operations on the functions described above like numerical differentiation, quadrature, interpolation or solving ordinary differential equations whose solution is of this type, are of real interest nowadays in many phenomena as oscillations, vibrations, rotations, or wave propagation. The authors studied the field for many years and contributed to it. Since the total number of papers accumulated so far in this field exceeds 200 and the fact that these papers are spread over journals with various profiles (such as applied mathematics, computer science, computational physics and chemistry) it was time to compact and to systematically present this vast material. In this book, a series of aspects is covered, ranging from the theory of the procedure up to direct applications and sometimes including ready to use programs. The book can also be used as a textbook for graduate students.
In Egypt Seb-the earth-is a goose, "the great cackler," who lays the gold egg-the sun. The goose was early tamed by Egyptians, though they had neither ducks nor fowls as domestic birds. In India Brahma rides the goose (see Hansa), and in mythology it is often confused with the swan, which is the great emblem of white, and snow, clouds. The goose is an emblem of Frey, and the swan of Freya, among the Norse. The swan was sacred to the sea god Niord. Russian folk-lore abounds with tales of geese, swans, and ducks. Wedding gifts always include geese, which are symbolic of conjugal fidelity. -from "Goose" This 1906 classic of comparative literature, hard to find in print today, was the first English-language project to approach the world's religions from an anthropological perspective. The work of thirty years for Scottish author JAMES G. R. FORLONG (1824-1904), it was originally published under the now-antiquated title A Cyclopedia of Religions and produced at the author's own expense, so strongly did he feel about the need for it despite the reluctance of the publishing houses of the day to produce it. A road engineer by trade, Forlong traveled the world, learning seven languages and becoming an avid amateur student of native culture-his labor of love was gathering, in this three-volume set, a comprehensive, academic knowledge of the totality of human religious belief. Volume II: E-M includes entries on such gods, peoples, places, practices, symbols, and concepts as: Easter Isle, eggs, fear, and fetish gipsies, gorgons, Helene, and horse incubi, inspiration, Jacob, and Japan Kadesh, Kant, lion, and logos Maia, Maimonides, and Mennonites and much more.
This is the fifth edition of the leading textbook on criminal law by Professors Simester, Spencer, Sullivan and Virgo. Simester and Sullivan is an outstanding account of modern English criminal law, combining detailed exposition and analysis of the law with a careful exploration of its theoretical underpinnings. Primarily, it is written for undergraduate students of criminal law and it has become the set text in many leading universities. Additionally, the book is used as an important point of reference in academic writing and postgraduate research in England and abroad. Simester and Sullivan has been cited by appellate courts throughout the world. There have been a large number of important appellate decisions since the last edition of this work. This new case law, among other things, provides helpful guidance for the interpretation of offences under the Serious Crime Act 2007 and of the defence of loss of control provided by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. There have been significant developments in the laws relating to rape, self-defence and defence of property, and duress. Special mention should be made of the continuing stream of appellate cases regarding the nature and scope of secondary liability in the crimes of others.
Food and cancer prevention: Chemical and biological aspects is the first book to be published on this subject and represents the current state-of-the-art. It is interdisciplinary in scope and provides researchers from around the world with the opportunity to bring themselves up-to-date in this vital area.Food and cancer prevention: Chemical and biological aspects covers a topic which is attracting considerable attention and aims to promote constructive collaboration among clinicians, toxicologists, nutritionists, food scientists, epidemiologists and plant scientists worldwide. It is an essential reading for anyone involved in research in to this subject and will also be of interest to government departments, with a view to legislation, and food manufacturers producing functional, novel or health foods.
Some two thousand years ago, in a small province of the Roman Empire, an obscure Roman governor ordered the execution of a peasant leader. It went virtually unnoticed at the time. No official report of the event has survived, and we would have no memory at all of it except for the efforts of a handful of followers of the condemned man. Those followers who kept that memory alive changed the course of history, and the results of their efforts continue to reverberate to this day. Conventional interpretation says that the execution of Jesus of Nazareth came on the heels of a series illegal trials before a number of different tribunals, and at the culmination of that series of trials a moral coward by the name of Pontius Pilate ordered Jesus’ execution despite being satisfied that he was innocent. Revisionist interpretation says that there was no trial at all, that Pilate simply executed Jesus because he was a nuisance, and that Jesus’ followers invented the story of his execution as a means of shifting the blame from the Roman government to a group of people whom they despised – the Jews. Are the Gospels good history or bad propaganda? Does a fair reading of the Gospel accounts support either the conventional or the revisionist interpretation of the trial of Jesus? Who, if anyone, should shoulder the blame for the crucifixion of Jesus? The Case against Christ seeks to answer these questions by treating the matter as a forensic death investigation and answering the questions as they might be answered by a prosecutor attempting to determine who should be held criminally responsible for the death of Jesus.
An indispensable tool for teachers and students of American literature, Reading the American Novel 1865-1914 provides a comprehensive introduction to the American novel in the post-civil war period. Locates American novels and stories within a specific historical and literary context Offers fresh analyses of key selected literary works Addresses a wide audience of academics and non-academics in clear, accessible prose Demonstrates the changing mentality of 19th-century America entering the 20th century Explores the relationship between the intellectual and artistic output of the time and the turbulent socio-political context
Baptism In The New Testament In this thorough and well-documented study of the sacrament of Holy Baptism, G.R. Beasley-Murray presents a critical defense of the doctrine of believers' baptism on the basis of the New Testament evidences. The author--one of the leading New Testament scholars in England--is himself a Baptist; but his discussion transcends denominatioal lines. Beasley-Murray begins by discussing various rites that precede Christian baptism historically, and analyzes the relationship between these earlier rites and baptism. From these antecedents--Old Testament ritual washings, Jewish proselyte baptism, the lustrations practiced at Qumran, and the baptism of John the Baptist--the author proceeds to the foundations of Christian baptism in the career of Jesus, its emergence as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles, and its development in the New Testament epistolary literature. In his consideration of the doctrine of Christian baptism as ariculated in the New Testament, Beasley-Murray focuses his attention on the necessity of baptism and its relationship to grace, faith, the Spirit, the church, ethics, and hope. A careful examination of the rise and significance of infant baptism follows, and the study concludes with a selected bibliography and several indices.
On 13 January 1942 hundreds of army and air force servicemen due to sail from Durban on the British troopship City of Canterbury refused to board the vessel in defiance of their commanders and of the British Military and Naval authorities in South Africa. Gerry Rubin sees this unusual and dramatic incident in the round. Besides examining the legal case itself, its precedents and its outcome, he looks at both the human factors involved and at the wider background. In so doing he deals with a little-mentioned aspect of the war but one familiar to hundreds of thousands of servicemen: the journey by troopship via the Cape to the Middle and Far East.
Growing up on the embattled Mawr Estate in South Wales, all Gemma sees are burglaries, muggings, sadness and boredom. With a dad in prison and a mum who has given up hope, she, like everyone around her, is holding on to memories of the times when happiness wasn't so hard to find. When her search for the scene of a perfect childhood day takes her up into the surrounding hills, Gemma is forced into a meeting with the legendary Cowgirl. Everyone at school knows she's a weirdo: six foot tall and angry, the only conversations she has are with the twelve cows on her dad's farm. But with her abrupt arrival in Gemma's life, everything starts to look different. And with her only friends in mortal danger of the abattoir, it turns out she and Gemma have a mission on their hands. A gently funny story of a community coming together, this is a tale of happy endings in unexpected places. Shortlisted for the Waterstones Prize Winner of the Tir na n-Og Award Cover illustration by Tom Clohosy Cole. Also by G. R. Gemin: Sweet Pizza "The warmth and charm of 'Sweet Pizza' are quite extraordinary; though there are some very moving moments, it is mainly a joyous and eccentric comedy." - Kate Saunders, Guardian Children's Fiction Prize Judge
This text presents the subject using a systems approach and is therefore a departure from the more commonly employed phyletic approach. Topics covered include classification, cellular and sub-cellular organization, morphology and growth, reproduction and life cycles, evolution, phylogeny, physiology, ecology and the relationship between algae and man. All currently recognized algal divisions are covered, including the Cyanophyceae and the Prochlorophycota. Topics are treated in a concise and factual manner, each section providing an up-to-date review with extensive reference to key literature. The volume is profusely illustrated with line drawings and photographs, and synoptic tables aid the interpretation of the subject. An Introduction to Phycology is intended for use in undergraduate courses, but will also be a valuable reference text for postgraduates.
“...a comprehensive and well written book, which...will be useful reading for both researchers entering the field and experienced specialists looking for new ideas....a valuable and long-lasting contribution to experimental mechanics.” – Stepan Lomov, KU Leuven This expert volume, an enhanced Habilitation thesis by the head of the Materials Testing Research Group at the University of Augsburg, provides detailed coverage of a range of inspection methods for insitu characterization of fiber-reinforced composites. The failure behavior of fiber reinforced composites is a complex evolution of microscopic damage phenomena. Beyond the use of classical testing methods, the ability to monitor the progression of damage insitu offers new ways to interpret the materials failure modes. Methods covered include digital image correlation, acoustic emission, electromagnetic emission, computed tomography, thermography, shearography, and promising method combinations. For each method, the discussion includes operational principles and practical applications for quality control as well as thoughtful assessment of the method's strengths and weakness so that the reader is equipped to decide which method or methods are most appropriate in a given situation. The book includes extensive appendices covering common experimental parameters influencing comparability of acoustic emission measurements; materials properties for modeling; and an overview of terms and abbreviations.
107 In this way the absolute values of the structure factors may be found, not the phases (6. 8). The problem to find these phases is the phase problem. The present article will treat the following topics. At first the description of the ideal crystal will be given in Chap. B. The underlying principles of this description are the concepts of reciprocal lattice, FOURIER synthesis and sym metry. The evaluation of the intensity will then follow in Chap. C and D. Chap. E is concerned with the phase problem and related topics. Though this article treats the analysis of crystal structures, the fundamental concepts for other structures will here be found too. But these topics, and the experimental methods, will l find their place elsewhere . B. Description of the crystalline state. I. Lattice theory. a) The direct lattice. 8. Introduction. In Sect. 3, a description of the ideal crystal was given: The space, occupied by a crystal, is divided into congruent parallelepipeds, each with the same orientation. This parallelepiped is defined by the three basic vectors, a, band c, drawn from an origin 0 (Fig. 2), and is called the primitive cell. This cell is filled with atoms (or ions), and the same configuration of atoms is repeated in space. It has been aptly called a three-dimensional wallpaper, as on a wallpaper the same pattern is repeated again and again.
Written by the leading experts in the field, this book describes the development and current state of the art in single molecule spectroscopy. The application of this technique, which started 1989, in physics, chemistry and biosciences is displayed.
The first section of this volume is aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the many varied and often empirically derived techniques and procedures currently in use to produce monoclonal hybridoma cell lines and to characterize the antibodies secreted. The goal has been achieved with the chapter contributed by Zola and Brookes who, as each step in the process of hybridoma production and antibody characterisation is reviewed, have provided an experimental procedure found to be satisfactory in their laboratory.The second section of this volume is designed to provide a review of areas in which monoclonal hybridoma antibodies have been of particular advantage. This is a rapidly advancing field which could not be thoroughly reviewed in a single volume.
G. R. Searle's absorbing narrative history breaks conventional chronological barriers to carry the reader from England in 1886, the apogee of the Victorian era with the nation poised to celebrate the empress queen's golden jubilee, to 1918, as the 'war to end all wars' drew to a close leaving England to come to term with its price - above all in terms of human life, but also in the general sense that things would never be the same again. This was an age of extremes: a period of imperial pomp and circumstance, with a political elite preoccupied with display and ceremony, alongside the growing cult of the simple life; the zenith of imperialism with its idealization of war on the one hand, the start of the Labour Party, a socialist renaissance, and welfare politics on the other; and a radical challenging of traditional gender stereotypes in the face of the prevailing cult of masculinity. Under Professor Searle's historical microscope, all the details of daily life spring into sharp relief. Half-forgotten figures such as Edward Carpenter, Vesta Tilley, and Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman take their place on stage beside Oscar Wilde, the Pankhursts, and Lloyd George. Motoring and aviation, to become such an intrinsic part of life within the next decades, had their beginnings in this period as pastimes for the rich. From the wretched slums of England's great cities to their bustling docks and factories, from the grand portals of Westminster to the violent political challenges of the Ulster Unionists and the militant suffrage movement, from Blackpool's tower and beach packed with holidaymakers to the trenches of the Western Front, the energy, creativity, and often destructive turmoil of the years 1886-1918 are brought into focus in this magisterial history. THE NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF ENGLAND The aim of the New Oxford History of England is to give an account of the development of the country over time. It is hard to treat that development as just the history which unfolds within the precise boundaries of England, and a mistake to suggest that this implies a neglect of the histories of the Scots, Irish, and Welsh. Yet the institutional core of the story which runs from Anglo-Saxon times to our own is the story of a state-structure built round the English monarchy and its effective successor, the Crown in Parliament. While the emphasis of individual volumes in the series will vary, the ultimate outcome is intended to be a set of standard and authoritative histories, embodying the scholarship of a generation.
Electrochemistry for Technologists introduces the technologist to the principles and applications of electrochemistry. Topics range from primary and secondary batteries to fuel cells and corrosion. Some applications of electrochemical methods are considered, including electroplating, forming, polishing, and machining, as well as metal extraction and refining. This book is comprised of eight chapters and opens with a brief overview of the fundamental concepts in electrochemistry, paying particular attention to atoms, molecules, and ions as well as ionization in aqueous solution; dissociation of water; electrolytic conduction; electrode potentials; and electrolysis. The reader is then introduced to primary and secondary batteries and some of their applications, followed by a discussion on fuel cells, their construction and classification, and how they produce electricity. Subsequent chapters focus on corrosion and corrosion protection, along with a number of applications of electrochemistry such as electroplating, electroforming, electropolishing, and electrochemical machining, as well as extraction and refining of metals. This monograph will be a valuable resource for chemists, electrical engineers, and technologists.
Drawing up alternate ways to “make a living” beyond capitalism To live in this world is to be conditioned by capital. Once paired with Western democracy, unfettered capitalism has led to a shrinking economic system that squeezes out billions of people—creating a planet of surplus populations. Wageless Life is a manifesto for building a future beyond the toxic failures of late-stage capitalism. Daring to imagine new social relations, new modes of economic existence, and new collective worlds, the authors provide skills and tools for perceiving—and living in— a post-capitalist future. Forerunners: Ideas First Short books of thought-in-process scholarship, where intense analysis, questioning, and speculation take the lead
This book provides an expert analysis of the theory of the marketing firm by drawing upon operant psychology, economic theory and marketing to argue that all firms exist in order to market. The authors explore the nature of bilateral interdependence and suggest a framework to analyse the collaborative and competitive mutually reinforcing relationships within which the firm acts. The Marketing Firm leverages the power of case study design to operationalise and test the central propositions of this nascent approach to the study of firm behaviour from an economic psychology perspective. The authors develop and detail an entirely appropriate methodology for operationalising and testing a number of propositions through the examination and analysis of comprehensive secondary data published by the UK Competition Commission. The findings clearly support the central propositions on firm action and provide valuable insights for expanding the theory of the marketing firm. The Marketing Firm will be invaluable for researchers interested in behaviour analysis and the theory of the firm and for post-graduate students in microeconomics, institutional economics, marketing and research methods.
Private Property, Government Requisition and the Constitution, 1914-1927 ranges widely over different types of property, including aerodromes, ships, hotels, pubs, alcoholic drinks and foodstuffs, the history of whose requisition by the wartime state is carefully documented. It shows how the state, in this as in many areas, was forced to act by immediate pressures, often improvising rights over areas of life previously outside the power of government; by doing so it documents a key stage in the growth of centralised power in modern Britain.
ICSSD 2002 is the second in the series of International Conferences on Structural Stability and Dynamics, which provides a forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences in structural stability and dynamics among academics, engineers, scientists and applied mathematicians. Held in the modern and vibrant city of Singapore, ICSSD 2002 provides a peep at the areas which experts on structural stability and dynamics will be occupied with in the near future. From the technical sessions, it is evident that well-known structural stability and dynamic theories and the computational tools have evolved to an even more advanced stage. Many delegates from diverse lands have contributed to the ICSSD 2002 proceedings, along with the participation of colleagues from the First Asian Workshop on Meshfree Methods and the International Workshop on Recent Advances in Experiments and Computations on Modeling of Heterogeneous Systems. Forming a valuable source for future reference, the proceedings contain 153 papers ? including 3 keynote papers and 23 invited papers ? contributed by authors from all over the world who are working in advanced multi-disciplinary areas of research in engineering. All these papers are peer-reviewed, with excellent quality, and cover the topics of structural stability, structural dynamics, computational methods, wave propagation, nonlinear analysis, failure analysis, inverse problems, non-destructive evaluation, smart materials and structures, vibration control and seismic responses.The major features of the book are summarized as follows: a total of 153 papers are included with many of them presenting fresh ideas and new areas of research; all papers have been peer-reviewed and are grouped into sections for easy reference; wide coverage of research areas is provided and yet there is good linkage with the central topic of structural stability and dynamics; the methods discussed include those that are theoretical, analytical, computational, artificial, evolutional and experimental; the applications range from civil to mechanical to geo-mechanical engineering, and even to bioengineering.
Pharmaceutical Monographs, Volume 3: Sterilisation and Disinfection provides a strong foundation for the proper use of disinfectants in practice. This monograph surveys the types of preparations required to be produced in a sterile condition and explains in detail the methods available for sterilization. This monograph is comprised of four parts. Part 1 discusses the purposes of sterilizing pharmaceutical preparations to prevent the infection of body tissues, fluids, or cavities with organisms that may produce damage or disease. Part 2 provides information concerning the extent of contamination of pharmaceutical materials, which is obtained by means of sterility tests. Part 3 focuses on autoclave design and an explanation is offered of the background against which sterilizers have been developed and the method in which their major components operate. Part 4 describes the various types of disinfectants, including halogens, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, dyes, furan derivatives, amidines, surface-active compounds, and derivatives of quinolone and isoquinoline. This monograph is a valuable resource for undergraduate students of pharmacy and allied subjects.
Pharmaceutical Monographs, Volume 5: Immunological and Blood Products provides an introduction to immunology and immunological products. This monograph describes various tissue culture techniques, which are important both in the preparation and standardization of certain immunological products. Organized into two parts encompassing 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the types of immunity. This text then examines the substances which when introduced parenterally into the tissues, stimulates the production of an antibody. Other chapters consider antibodies as substances appearing in the blood or body fluids in response to the stimulus provided by the introduction of an antigen. This monograph discusses as well the preparations capable of stimulating active immunity. The final chapter deals with the causation of hemolytic disease of the newborn. This monograph is a valuable resource for medical students as well as undergraduate students of pharmacy. Students of veterinary medicine will also find this book extremely useful.
Fully revised and updated, this comprehensive guide to diplomacy explores the art of negotiating international agreements and the channels through which such activities occur when states are in diplomatic relations, and when they are not. This new edition includes chapters on secret intelligence and economic and commercial diplomacy.
Mind Out of Matter aims to transform the way we think about consciousness and the physical world. Unlike many contemporary volumes, it develops a robust and philosophically satisfying account of the mind/body relationship without doing violence to fundamental physics. It expunges popular but ludicrous assumptions about the `in principle' capabilities of cognizers and, with the help of tools from mathematics and scientific fields, supplants flawed notions of representation, function, and mental state with objective and physically grounded alternatives. It debunks quantum theories of consciousness, constructs a simple zombie recipe, and evaluates recent research on chaotic analogue networks. This book is indispensable for readers in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, and for mathematicians applying complexity theory or information theory to biological cognition. Audience: General academic/university libraries, plus university departmental libraries in philosophy, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and computer science. Researchers and specialists in philosophy of mind, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, artificial life, complexity theory, and information theory. Researchers in the telecommunications industry.
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