Fire safety is a major concern in many industries, particularly as there have been significant increases in recent years in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants are becoming larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas, and the hazards are continually highlighted with incidents such as the fires and explosions at the Piper Alpha oil and gas platform, and the Enschede firework factory. As a result, greater attention than ever before is now being given to the evaluation and control of these hazards. In a comprehensive treatment of the subject unavailable elsewhere, this book describes in detail the applications of hazard and risk analysis to fire safety, going on to develop and apply quantification methods. It also gives an explanation in quantitative terms of improvements in fire safety in association with the costs that are expended in their achievement. Furthermore, a quantitative approach is applied to major fire and explosion disasters to demonstrate crucial faults and events. Featuring: Full international coverage and a review of several major fires and explosion disasters. Presentation of the properties and science of fire including the latest research. Detailed coverage of the performance of fire safety measures. This is an essential book for practitioners in fire safety engineering, loss prevention professionals, technical personnel in insurance companies as well as academics involved in fire science and postgraduate students. This book is also a useful reference for fire safety officers, building designers, engineers in the process industries, safety practitioners and risk assessment consultants.
According to statistics of fires in buildings, only a few fires grow into a fully-developed stage which is defined as 'post-flashover' in fire science literature. Whenever such an undesirable event happens, the intense heat produced can cause a progressive deterioration of the structural boundaries of a compartment which might 'fail' to prevent the spread of fire to adjacent compartments. Protection against such a rare event by providing sufficient fire resistance (as measured by exposure to a standard furnace test) to a compartment has long been the core of fire safety codes and regulations, although building fires spread mostly by convection2 (advance of flames and hot gases). 'Failure' occurs during the post-flashover stage when, due to intense heat, the structural boundaries of a compartment reach limiting states (conditions) and violate performance criteria relating to loadbearing capacity, integrity or thermal insulation. The object of structural fire design is to determine the level of fire resistance period which will minimise the possibility of failure by maximising the time taken by the compartment boundaries to reach the limiting states. If a compartment can contain a fire for a long period it will provide sufficient time for the evacuation of the building and for the commencement of extinguishing activities by first-aid methods (portable extinguishers, etc) and fire brigades.
For India, it is possible to achieve an annual growth rate of eight percent. What is needed, however, is to tap the untapped genius and use the unused capability India has. But this growth rate is possible if political leadership can trigger and enhance
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