This book discusses the importance of transitioning from conventionally fuelled, electric and hydrogen personal vehicles towards low carbon electric and hydrogen public transport. It presents international comparisons and case studies of countries who have successfully and unsuccessfully implemented policies to reduce their emissions from land-based transport. It discusses and provides policy recommendations to meet a net zero transport world by exploring potential issues, including infrastructure changes and electricity generation mix which may prevent targets being met successfully. The book also demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced individual transport choices and what will need to be done to ensure travel remains sustainable going forward. Aligned with an active area of academic and civil discourse on the topic of sustainable transportation systems, Transportation in a Net Zero World will be of interest to researchers, policy makers, and graduate students alike, in the fields of environmental science and transport studies.
After 30 years, Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies remains your go-to choice for authoritative guidance on managing today’s obstetric patient. International experts put the latest knowledge in this specialty at your fingertips, with current and relevant information on everything from fetal origins of adult disease, to improving global maternal health, to important topics in day-to-day obstetrical practice. Highly readable, well-illustrated, and easy to understand, this bestselling obstetrics reference is an ideal tool for residents and clinicians. Take advantage of the collective wisdom of global experts in the field, including two new editors— Drs. Vincenzo Berghella and William Grobman -- and nearly 30 new contributors. Gain a new perspective on a wide range of today's key issues - all evidence-based and easy to read. Sweeping updates throughout including four new chapters: ‘Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Delivery’; ‘Placenta Accreta’; ‘Obesity’; and ‘Improving Global Maternal Health: Challenges and Opportunities’ New Glossary of the most frequently used key abbreviations for easy reference Expanded use of bolded statements and key points as well as additional tables, flow diagrams, and bulleted lists facilitates and enhances the mastery of each chapter More than 100 images in the Obstetrical Ultrasound chapter provide an important resource for normal and abnormal fetal anatomy
Stem cell bioprocessing describes the main large-scale bioprocessing strategies for both stem cell culture and purification, envisaging the application of these cells for regenerative medicine and drug screening. Bioreactor configurations are described, including their applications for stem cell expansion, and stem cell separation techniques such as isolation and purification are discussed. Basic definitions are provided concerning the different types of stem cells, from adult stem cells to the more recent induced pluripotent stem cells. The main characteristics of these different stem cell types are described, alongside the molecular mechanisms underlying their self-renewal and differentiation. The book also focuses on methodologies currently used for in vitro stem cell culture under static conditions, including the challenge of xeno-free culture conditions, as well as culture parameters that influence stem cell culture. Approaches for both stem cell culture and separation in micro-scale conditions are presented, including the use of cellular microarrays for high-throughput screening of the effect of both soluble and extracellular matrix molecules. A further section is dedicated to application of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Maintains a unique focus on both the basic stem cell biology concepts, and their translation to large-scale bioprocessing approaches Envisages the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine and drug screening applications Discusses the application of microscale techniques as a tool to perform basic stem cell biology studies
UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS, FIFTH EDITION “This is the definitive place for all serious students of public administration to start. It is the most comprehensive book in the field. It is required reading for MPA students, Ph.D. students, and all scholars in the field.” —Kenneth J. Meier, Charles H. Gregory Chair in Liberal Arts, Texas A&M University “This is the bible for public management scholarship. It is the first place to turn when looking for an accessible but rigorous analysis of research on basic aspects of organizational life in the public sector, such as how culture, leadership, and motivation matter. The interdisciplinary array of research on public management has become so voluminous as to seem overwhelming at times. Rainey’s extraordinary curatorial prowess allows him to turn these fragments of work into a coherent and insightful body of knowledge. Anyone interested in how research can inform governance should start with this book.” —Donald Moynihan, professor of public affairs, Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin—Madison “This is the Encyclopedia Britannica of public management; if you want to find out what has been written, and what is collectively said about the practice and theory of public management, look no further than Rainey’s updated and comprehensive fifth edition.” —Richard M. Walker, chair professor of public management and associate dean, City University of Hong Kong “For more than a decade, Rainey’s book has been a must-read for everyone in the community of public management in Korea, just like in many places all over the world. Undoubtedly, it provides a valuable resource for researchers and students who are interested in public management and applications of organization theory to public organizations. It is quite simply the best investigation of public organization and management that I’ve read.” —Young Han Chun, associate dean, Graduate School of Public Administration, Seoul National University
Aquatic ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and home to a diverse array of species and habitats, providing a wide variety of benefits to human beings. Many of these valuable ecosystems are at risk of being irreversibly damaged by human activities and pressures, including pollution, contamination, invasive species, overfishing and climate change. Such pressures threaten the sustainability of these ecosystems, their provision of ecosystem services and ultimately human well-being. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely considered the most promising paradigm for balancing sustainable development and biodiversity protection, and various international strategies and conventions have championed the EBM cause and the inclusion of ecosystem services in decision-making. This open access book introduces the essential concepts and principles required to implement ecosystem-based management, detailing tools and techniques, and describing the application of these concepts and tools to a broad range of aquatic ecosystems, from the shores of Lough Erne in Northern Ireland to the estuaries of the US Pacific Northwest and the tropical Mekong Delta.
This book presents the fundamentals of arc phenomena, various arc welding power sources, their control strategies, welding data acquisition, and welding optimization. In addition, it discusses a broad range of electrical concepts in welding, including power source characteristics, associated parameters, arc welding power source classification, control strategies, data acquisitions techniques, as well as optimization methods. It also offers advice on how to minimize the flaws and improve the efficacy and performance of welds, as well as insights into the mechanical behavior expressed in terms of electromagnetic phenomena, which is rarely addressed. The book provides a comprehensive review of interdisciplinary concepts, offering researchers a wide selection of strategies, parameters, and sequences of operations to choose from.
Focuses on understanding the molecular basis of oxidative stress and its associated age-related diseases with the goal being the development of new and novel methods in treating the human aging processes.
The Biochemistry and Physiology of Tetrahymena presents a review of the literature covering the physiology and biochemistry of the ciliate genus Tetrahymena, of which Tetrahymena pyriformis is the most studied species. Organized into 10 parts, this book first provides basic information about Tetrahymena, which is found in almost any body of water and is so unusual that one can debate quite rationally as to whether it is an animal or a plant. Other chapters are restricted to specific subjects about this organism, namely, carbohydrate, lipid, energy, protein, amino acid, purine, pyrimidine, and nucleic acid metabolism. The organism’s biochemical genetics, vitamin and inorganic requirements, and evolution are also shown. This book also explores the effect of radiation, drugs, and hydrostatic pressure on Tetrahymena. The documented information presented in this book will be sufficient to stimulate even more interest in the organism.
Once thought of as niche technology, operators today are utilizing more opportunities with casing and liners as formations and environments grow in difficulty, especially with the unconventional oil and gas boom. Casing and liners for Drilling and Completions, 2nd Edition provides the engineer and well designer with up-to-date information on critical properties, mechanics, design basics and newest applications for today’s type of well. Renovated and simplified to cover operational considerations, pressure loads, and selection steps, this handbook gives you the knowledge to execute the essential and fundamental features of casing and liners. Bonus features include: Additional glossary added to explain oil field terminology New appendix on useful every day formulas such as axial stress, shear stress in tubes and principal stress components Listing section of acronyms, notations, symbols and constants for quick reference Concise step-by-step basic casing design procedure with examples Thorough coverage and tips on important field practice for installation topics Advanced methods for critical and horizontal well casing design including hydraulic fracturing Exhaustive appendices on foundational topics: units & nomenclature, solid mechanics, hydrostatics, borehole environment & rock mechanics, and a summary of useful formulas
A complete guide to the state of the art theoretical and manufacturing developments of body sensor network, design, and algorithms In Body Sensor Networking, Design, and Algorithms, professionals in the field of Biomedical Engineering and e-health get an in-depth look at advancements, changes, and developments. When it comes to advances in the industry, the text looks at cooperative networks, noninvasive and implantable sensor microelectronics, wireless sensor networks, platforms, and optimization—to name a few. Each chapter provides essential information needed to understand the current landscape of technology and mechanical developments. It covers subjects including Physiological Sensors, Sleep Stage Classification, Contactless Monitoring, and much more. Among the many topics covered, the text also includes additions such as: ● Over 120 figures, charts, and tables to assist with the understanding of complex topics ● Design examples and detailed experimental works ● A companion website featuring MATLAB and selected data sets Additionally, readers will learn about wearable and implantable devices, invasive and noninvasive monitoring, biocompatibility, and the tools and platforms for long-term, low-power deployment of wireless communications. It’s an essential resource for understanding the applications and practical implementation of BSN when it comes to elderly care, how to manage patients with chronic illnesses and diseases, and use cases for rehabilitation.
Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr
Statistical performance evaluation has assumed an increasing amount of importance as we seek to design more and more sophisticated communi cation and information processing systems. The ability to predict a pro posed system's performance without actually having to construct it is an extremely cost effective design tool. This book is meant to be a first year graduate level introduction to the field of statistical performance evaluation. As such, it covers queueing theory (chapters 1-4) and stochastic Petri networks (chapter 5). There is a short appendix at the end of the book which reviews basic probability theory. At Stony Brook, this material would be covered in the second half of a two course sequence (the first half is a computer networks course using a text such as Schwartz's Telecommunications Networks). Students seem to be encouraged to pursue the analytical material of this book if they first have some idea of the potential applications. I am grateful to B.L. Bodnar, J. Blake, J.S. Emer, M. Garrett, W. Hagen, Y.C. Jenq, M. Karol, J.F. Kurose, S.-Q. Li, A.C. Liu, J. McKenna, H.T. Mouftah and W.G. Nichols, I.Y. Wang, the IEEE and Digital Equip ment Corporation for allowing previously published material to appear in this book.
Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease provides the comprehensive and actionable coverage you need to understand, diagnose, and manage the ever-changing, high-risk clinical problems caused by pediatric infectious diseases. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, and increased worldwide perspectives, this authoritative medical reference offers the latest need-to-know information in an easily-accessible, high-yield format for quick answers and fast, effective intervention! Spend less time searching thanks to a consistent, easily-accessible format featuring revised high-yield information boxes, highlighted key points, and an abundance of detailed illustrations and at-a-glance tables. Be prepared for the unexpected! A veritable "who's who" of global authorities provides practical knowledge to effectively diagnose and manage almost any infectious disease you may encounter. Quickly look up the answers you need by clinical presentation, pathogen, or type of host. Get expanded coverage for all types of infectious diseases including new chapters on infection related to pets and exotic animals, and tickborne infections. Apply the latest recommendations and treatments for emerging and re-emerging diseases including the H1N1 virus.
Title: The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and Application Shelving guide: Electrical Engineering Dr. Paul Slade draws from his nearly six decades of active experience to develop this second edition of The Vacuum Interrupter: Theory, Design, and Application. This book begins by discussing the design requirements for high voltage vacuum interrupters and then the contact requirements to interrupt the vacuum arc. It then continues by describing the various applications in which the vacuum interrupter is generally utilized. Part 1 of this book begins with a detailed review of the vacuum breakdown process. It continues by covering the steps necessary for the design and the manufacture of a successful vacuum interrupter. The vacuum arc is then discussed, including how it is affected as a function of current. An overview of the development and use of practical contact materials, along with their advantages and disadvantages, follows. Contact designs that are introduced to control the high current vacuum arc are also analyzed. Part 2, on application, begins with a discussion of the arc interruption process for low current and high current vacuum arcs. It examines the voltage escalation phenomenon that can occur when interrupting inductive circuits. The occurrence of contact welding for closed contacts subjected to the passage of high currents, and for contacts when closing on high currents, is explored. The general requirements for the successful manufacture and testing of vacuum circuit breakers is then presented. The general application of vacuum interrupters to switch load currents, especially when applied to capacitor circuits, is also given. The interruption of high short circuit currents is presented along with the expected performance of the two major contact designs. Owing to the ever-increasing need for environmentally friendly circuit protection devices, the development and application of the vacuum interrupter will only increase in the future. At present the vacuum circuit breaker is the technology of choice for distribution circuits (5kV to 40.5kV). It is increasingly being applied to transmission circuits (72.5kV to 242kV). In the future, its application for protecting high voltage DC networks is assured. Audience This is a practical source book for engineers and scientists interested in studying the development and application of the vacuum interrupter Research scientists in industry and universities Graduate students beginning their study of vacuum interrupter phenomena Design engineers applying vacuum interrupters in vacuum switches, vacuum contactors, vacuum circuit breakers, and vacuum contactors It provides a unique and comprehensive review of all aspects of vacuum interrupter technology for those new to the subject and for those who wish to obtain a deeper understanding of its science and application Scientists and engineers, who are beginning their research into vacuum breakdown and aspects of the vacuum arc, will find the extensive bibliography and phenomenological descriptions to be a useful introduction
Concise, readable text introduces sets, groups, and, most importantly, matrices to undergraduate students of physics, chemistry, and engineering. Each chapter contains worked examples and many problems with answers. 1974 edition.
Clear, correct summation of basic results on general behavior of infinite matrices features three introductory chapters leading to applications related to summability of divergent sequences and series. Nearly 200 examples. 1950 edition.
Understanding long term corrosion processes is critical in many areas, including archaeology and conservation. This important book reviews key themes such as the processes underlying corrosion over long periods, how corrosion rates can be measured and materials conserved.After an overview of the study and conservation of metal archaeological artefacts, a group of chapters reviews long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron and bronze. Other chapters review the impact of environmental factors on corrosion rates. The book also considers instrumental techniques for measuring corrosion such as electrochemistry and scanning electron microscopy, as well as ways of modelling corrosion processes. There is also coverage of the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors.With its distinguished editors and contributors, Corrosion of metallic heritage artefacts improves our understanding of long term corrosion and its effects. It provides a valuable reference for those involved in archaeology and conservation, as well as those dealing with the long term storage of nuclear and other waste. Reviews long term corrosion in metals such as steel, iron and bronze Considers instumental techniques such as electrochemistry for measuring corrosion
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is devoted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documenta tion of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, compared to which our system of accumu lating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 31 contains literature published in 1982 and received before July 15, 1982; some older literature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included. We acknowledge with thanks contributions to this volume by Dr. J. Bouska, Prague, who surveyed journals and publications in Czech and supplied us with abstracts in English .
Wetlands are, by their very nature, ephemeral and transitional, which makes them challenging to characterize. Yet the need for characterizing wetlands continues to grow, particularly as we develop a better understanding of the wealth of ecosystem services that they provide. Wetland Landscape Characterization: Practical Tools, Methods, and Approaches for Landscape Ecology, Second Edition shows how wetland characterization tools, methods, and approaches can be integrated to more effectively address twenty-first-century wetland issues. A Practical Toolbox for Integrated Wetland Landscape Characterization The book explains how to locate, identify, and map the extent of wetlands to learn more about their importance to society and the larger landscape. It examines jurisdictional, regulatory, and practical applications from the scientific, engineering, and lay perspectives. Fully updated, the second edition reflects an emerging infrastructural, ecosystem goods-and-services perspective to better assist readers who may encounter these concepts and challenges as they assess and characterize wetlands. Examples and case studies illustrate a variety of situations and solutions, highlighting the use of current techniques to assess, inventory, and monitor natural resources under changing conditions. These examples offer lessons and ideas for the issues encountered every day by wetland landscape ecology practitioners. The book also refers readers to additional resources to help them solve specific challenges. New in This Edition Updates of practical geospatial methods More project-driven examples A description of the pitfalls of using ecological data at landscape scales, along with solutions Alternative techniques for a variety of practitioners Linkages between field and landscape ecological practices Online resources for practitioners New illustrations This book helps readers develop the concepts, skills, and understanding of how to best achieve project goals in the rapidly changing disciplines of landscape science and wetland ecology and management. A valuable resource, it provides practical tools, methods, and approaches for conceptualizing, designing, and implementing broad-scale wetland projects that take into account critical societal linkages.
According to NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers), the total annual cost of corrosion in petroleum refining takes up $3.7 billion in the US alone. Corrosion control is always a challenge for the downstream industry, but as the quality of feedstock is declining due to refineries accepting more of the heavy and shale gas and oil resources that are more readily available today, refinery managers, petroleum and natural gas engineers are unprepared for the new set of corrosion problems that are showing up in their equipment and processing units. Oil and Gas Corrosion Prevention: From Surface Facilities to Refineries quickly gets the engineer and manager up to speed on the latest types of corrosion common for these lower grade crude oils and gases as well as the best prevention methods for all of the major sections of the refinery, especially desalting and sulfur recovery units, which are the most common problem areas for unconventional feedstocks. Also covering the unique midstream sections, or point of entry to the refinery, as well as the major critical refinery equipment, Oil and Gas Corrosion Prevention: From Surface Facilities to Refineries offers the perfect quick cross-reference for the oil and gas community. Gets engineers and managers up to speed on the latest types of corrosion common for lower grade crude oils and gases Provides the best prevention methods for all of the major sections of the refinery, especially desalting and sulfur recovery units Covers additional topics such as unique midstream sections, or point of entry to the refinery, as well as major critical refinery equipment
Bio-Instructive Scaffolds for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine explores musculoskeletal tissue growth and development across populations, ranging from elite athletes to the elderly. The regeneration and reparation of musculoskeletal tissues present the unique challenges of requiring both the need to withstand distinct forces applied to the body and ability to support cell populations. The book is separated into sections based on tissue type, including bone, cartilage, ligament and tendon, muscle, and musculoskeletal tissue interfaces. Within each tissue type, the chapters are subcategorized into strategies focused on cells, hydrogels, polymers, and other materials (i.e. ceramics and metals) utilized in musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications. In each chapter, the relationships that exist amongst the strategy, stem cell differentiation and somatic cell specialization at the intracellular level are emphasized. Examples include intracellular signaling through growth factor delivery, geometry sensing of the surrounding network, and cell signaling that stems from altered population dynamics. Presents a self-contained work for the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Focuses on how materials of structures can be designed to be resistant while promoting viable grafts Contains major tissue types that are covered with a strategy for each material and structure
A comprehensive look at the emerging science of networks Network science helps you design faster, more resilient communication networks; revise infrastructure systems such as electrical power grids, telecommunications networks, and airline routes; model market dynamics; understand synchronization in biological systems; and analyze social interactions among people. This is the first book to take a comprehensive look at this emerging science. It examines the various kinds of networks (regular, random, small-world, influence, scale-free, and social) and applies network processes and behaviors to emergence, epidemics, synchrony, and risk. The book's uniqueness lies in its integration of concepts across computer science, biology, physics, social network analysis, economics, and marketing. The book is divided into easy-to-understand topical chapters and the presentation is augmented with clear illustrations, problems and answers, examples, applications, tutorials, and a discussion of related Java software. Chapters cover: Origins Graphs Regular Networks Random Networks Small-World Networks Scale-Free Networks Emergence Epidemics Synchrony Influence Networks Vulnerability Net Gain Biology This book offers a new understanding and interpretation of the field of network science. It is an indispensable resource for researchers, professionals, and technicians in engineering, computing, and biology. It also serves as a valuable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in related fields of study.
Fouling in Refineries is an important and ongoing problem that directly affects energy efficiency resulting in increased costs, production losses, and even unit shutdown, requiring costly expenditures to clean up equipment and return capacity to positive levels. This text addresses this common challenge for the hydrocarbon processing community within each unit of the refinery. As refineries today face a greater challenge of accepting harder to process heavier crudes and the ongoing flow of the lighter shale oil feedstocks, resulting in bigger challenges to balance product stability within their process equipment, this text seeks to inform all relative refinery personnel on how to monitor fouling, characterize the deposits, and follow all available treatments. With basic modeling and chemistry of fouling and each unit covered, users will learn how to operate at maximum production rates and elongate the efficiency of their refinery’s capacity. Presents an understanding of the breakdown of fouling per refinery unit, including distillation and coking units Provides all the factors, crude types, and refining blends that cause fouling, especially the unconventional feedstocks and high acid crudes used today Helps users develop an analysis-based treatment and control strategy that empowers them to operate refinery equipment at a level that prevents fouling from occurring
Winner of ForeWord Magazine's Architecture "Book of the Year" Award! Exquisite examples of traditional dwellings are scattered throughout modern-day China. Chinese Houses focuses on 20 well-preserved traditional Chinese homes, presenting examples from a range of rural and metropolitan areas throughout China. The photographs of each are accompanied by extensive background information and historical content. An introductory essay examines the different types of Chinese homes and provides an overview of the rich regional variety of Chinese dwelling forms. It also provides insights into little-known design concepts that emphasize the flexibility, adaptability, and versatility of traditional building forms and the work of traditional craftsmen. Richly illustrated with photographs, woodblock prints, historic images, and line drawings, Chinese Houses portrays an architectural tradition of amazing range and resilience.
The world’s energy markets rely heavily on fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural gases). However, due to increasing energy demands, depleting reserves of fossil fuels, and increasing negative effects on the environment (e.g., global warming and climate changes), as well as growing political instability in oil-producing nations, the world is facing a major energy threat that needs to be solved by virtue of alternative energy sources utilizing renewable resources. The only natural, renewable carbon resource known with large enough capacity to substitute for fossil fuels is biomass. Thus, energy from biomass is considered to be one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels. Among the existing biomass energy/biofuels, biohydrogen has received considerable attention as it is clean, renewable, has a high energy content, and does not contribute to the greenhouse effect. Biomass is projected as a virtually eternal raw material for hydrogen (H2) production; however, the main bottleneck is the low hydrogen yield arising from poor efficiency on direct microbial assimilation of biomass. Therefore, technologies leading to more efficient and commercially viable production of biohydrogen from biomass and other renewable resources are urgently demanded. This chapter sheds light on some of the practical approaches of fermentative H2-generating processes utilizing a variety of biomass and renewable resources as substrate. This chapter also emphasizes biohydrogen production technology that could maximize hydrogen yield by designing efficient bioprocess integration and energy and waste minimization. Improving the hydrolysis of biomass has been recognized as a key step toward biohydrogen production. Considerable research efforts made on improving the pretreatment and hydrolysis of biomass materials are also addressed. Emphasis is given to discussion of the process based on important operating factors involved and to delineation of some of the process limitations. The aim of this chapter is to provide rapidly expanding information on biohydrogen production from renewable resources and to offer clues and possibilities for enhancing the performance of natural waste utilization and dark fermentative hydrogen production to resolve issues related to food security, climate change, energy security, and clean development in the future.
High Acid Crudes quickly gets the refinery manager and all other relative personnel up to date on this particular type of feedstock by providing an overview and relevant details of the identification of high acid crudes and their influence on the refinery’s process units, especially regarding corrosion potential. Covering the types, effects on the various refining units, and proper acid stripping techniques, High Acid Crudes effectively trains refinery personnel with a quick reference guide for day-to-day use in today’s refineries. Due to their discounted value but potential for higher production rates, refineries are accepting more of high acidic crude feedstocks, otherwise referred to as “opportunity or “challenging crude oils. Refining of these resources is still increasing due to high oil prices, with China dominating this market and doubling their production of high acid crudes by 2015. Processing these resources can significantly increase any refinery’s productivity, but knowledge and proper training for the refinery manager and crude supplier is key to reducing the risk that is commonly associated with high acid feedstocks, while still maintaining clean production standards. Provides an overview of the identification of high acid crudes and their influence on the refinery’s process units Covers the types of high acid crudes, effects on the various refining units, and proper acid stripping techniques Trains refinery personnel as a quick reference guide for day-to-day use for today’s refinery
This volume deals with the basic knowledge and understanding of fundamental interactions of low energy electrons with molecules. It pro vides an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the fundamental in teractions of low-energy electrons with molecules of current interest in modern technology, especially the semiconductor industry. The primary electron-molecule interaction processes of elastic and in elastic electron scattering, electron-impact ionization, electron-impact dissociation, and electron attachment are discussed, and state-of-the art authoritative data on the cross sections of these processes as well as on rate and transport coefficients are provided. This fundamental knowledge has been obtained by us over the last eight years through a critical review and comprehensive assessment of "all" available data on low-energy electron collisions with plasma processing gases which we conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Data from this work were originally published in the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, and have been updated and expanded here. The fundamental electron-molecule interaction processes are discussed in Chapter 1. The cross sections and rate coefficients most often used to describe these interactions are defined in Chapter 2, where some recent advances in the methods employed for their measurement or calculation are outlined. The methodology we adopted for the critical evaluation, synthesis, and assessment of the existing data is described in Chapter 3. The critically assessed data and recommended or suggested cross sections and rate and transport coefficients for ten plasma etching gases are presented and discussed in Chapters 4, 5, and 6.
This book offers a practical approach to the histologic analysis of a wide range of melanocytic skin lesions, including various nevi and different forms of melanoma, as well as pigmented non-melanocytic lesions. In addition, sentinel node biopsy findings and the use of special ancillary studies are covered in detail. Each chapter presents illustrative cases that document the route to correct diagnosis. An important feature of the book is the clinical-pathologic correlation of challenging melanocytic tumors; accordingly, it will appeal not only to pathologists (general surgical pathologists and dermatopathologists) but also to dermatologists (including dermatopathologists). The book contains some 250 color photos as well as tables and algorithms designed to assist in the diagnosis of difficult cases.
This book provides an overview of the main topics of current cell adhesion research including structural analyses of cell adhesion molecules and studies to their functional role in vitro and in vivo. The present volume focuses on the four major families of cell-adhesion receptors, i.e. the cadherins, the integrins, the Ig-superfamily and the selectin-based adhesion system which are discussed in detail by numerous experts in the field.
Interest and information in the field of medical toxicology has grown rapidly, but there has never been a concise, authoritative reference focused on the subjects of natural substances, chemical and physical toxins, drugs of abuse, and pharmaceutical overdoses. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances finally gives you an easily accessible resource for vital toxicological information on foods, plants, and animals in key areas in the natural environment.
Advances which have been made in the field of lipid chemistry and bio chemistry during the last ten years mainly are the results of progress in metho dology. The introduction of isotopic and chromatographic techniques has not only enriched our knowledge of normal lipid metabolism but has also greatly enhanced the understanding of the various lipidoses. This is well illustrated by a comparison of the contents of the present monograph with those of my 1955 review in Handbuch der Inneren Medizin (Springer). In addition to better information about the classic lipid thesaurismoses Nie mann-Pick disease, Gaucher's disease and Tay-Sachs disease, the number of hereditary lipid storage diseases has increased considerably through the recogni tion of new syndromes such as metachromatic leukodystrophy, Fabry's disease, Refsum's disease (heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis), a-p-lipoproteinemia, and Tangier disease. Conversely, disorders such as Hand-Scholler-Christian disease which has been considered a lipidosis up to 1958 (THANNHAUSER) must now be differentiated from the hereditary disturbances of lipid metabolism. Essential hyperlipemia which at one time seemed to be a well defined entity has now been recognized to consist of a number of subgroups, whose pathogeneses appear to be quite different, and whose classification is by no means definite. Similar problems exist for "essential hypercholesterolemia". Since the knowledge of today is the key for the solutions of tomorrow, we are fortunate that the chapters on lipidoses are supplemented by a comprehensive account of lipid chemistry and biochemistry which has been coordinated by W. STOFFEL.
This book presents a wealth of evidence that reveals how a healthy diet, exercise, and other healthy lifestyles can impact life-span and the risk of cancer, heart disease, diabetes and other chronic diseases. It provides easy-to-follow guidelines that will help individuals begin and maintain a healthy lifestyle for life. No infomercials here, just the facts from an authority who knows.
Despite decades of extensive research and application, commercial aluminum alloys are still poorly understood in terms of the phase composition and phase transformations occurring during solidification, cooling, and heating. Multicomponent Phase Diagrams: Applications for Commercial Aluminum Alloys aims to apply multi-component phase diagrams to commercial aluminum alloys, and give a comprehensive coverage of available and assessed phase diagrams for aluminum-based alloy systems of different dimensionality. Features data on non-equilibrium phase diagrams, which can rarely be obtained from other publications Extensive coverage of all groups of commercially important alloys and materials
The purpose of the roadmap is to delineate and inform the process by which decision makers and actors can evaluate the status, diversity and trends of primary forests in the region, identify priority areas for primary forest conservation, assess the threats they face, and explore possible ways to address them. This report suggests a practical process in four steps, through which the recommendations can be articulated at different scales (from regional to local) and adapted to the specific context, priorities and needs of various forest types, countries and categories of actors.
Integrated Optics: Theory and Technology provides a comprehensive and thorough treatment suitable for use both as a classroom text (practice problems are included) and as a specialist's reference. Detailed descriptions of the phenomena, devices, and technology used in optical integrated circuits and their relationship to fiber optics are presented. In this fourth edition all chapters have been completely revised.
In this book, the author Joseph G. Sinkovics liberally shares his views on the cancer cell which he has been observing in vivo and in vitro, over a life time. Readers will learn how, as an inherent faculty of the RNA/DNA complex, the primordial cell survival pathways are endogenously reactivated in an amplified or constitutive manner in the multicellular host, and are either masquerading as self-elements or as placentas, to which the multicellular host is evolutionarily trained to extend full support. The host obliges. The author explains that there is no such evidence that “malignantly transformed” human cells survive in nature. However, when cared for in the laboratory, these cells live and replicate as immortalized cultures. These cells retain their vitality upon storage in liquid nitrogen. One can only imagine an astrophysical environment in which such cells could survive; perhaps, first their seemingly humble exosomes would populate that environment. Immortal cell populations so created may survive as individuals, or may even re-organize themselves into multicellular colonies, as representatives of life for the duration of the Universe. This thought-provoking book is the work of a disciplined investigator and clinician with an impeccable reputation, and he enters a territory that very few if any before him have approached from the same angles. It will appeal to researchers with an interest in cell survival pathways and those researching cancer cells.
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