Future Harvest (Program)'s Books

Ecoagriculture

Strategies to Feed the World and Save Wild Biodiversity

By: Future Harvest,Jeffrey A. McNeely,Sara J. Scherr

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Ecoagriculture

Strategies to Feed the World and Save Wild Biodiversity

By: Future Harvest,Jeffrey A. McNeely,Sara J. Scherr

Although food-production systems for the world's rural poor typically have had devastating effects on the planet's wealth of genes, species, and ecosystems, that need not be the case in the future. In Ecoagriculture, two of the world's leading experts on conservation and development examine the idea that agricultural landscapes can be designed more creatively to take the needs of human populations into account while also protecting, or even enhancing, biodiversity. They present a thorough overview of the innovative concept of "ecoagriculture" - the management of landscapes for both the production of food and the conservation of wild biodiversity. The book: examines the global impact of agriculture on wild biodiversity describes the challenge of reconciling biodiversity conservation and agricultural goals outlines and discusses the ecoagriculture approach presents diverse case studies that illustrate key strategies explores how policies, markets, and institutions can be re-shaped to support ecoagriculture While focusing on tropical regions of the developing world -- where increased agricultural productivity is most vital for food security, poverty reduction, and sustainable development, and where so much of the world's wild biodiversity is threatened -- it also draws on lessons learned in developed countries. Dozens of examples from around the world present proven strategies for small-scale, low-income farmers involved in commercial production. Ecoagriculture explores new approaches to agricultural production that complement natural environments, enhance ecosystem function, and improve rural livelihoods. It features a wealth of real-world case studies that demonstrate the applicability of the ideas discussed and how the principles can be applied, and is an important new work for policymakers, students, researchers, and anyone concerned with conserving biodiversity while sustaining human populations.

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353

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Island Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1610910621

ISBN 13

9781610910620

Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields

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Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields

The U.S. military does not believe its soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines should be engaged in combat with adversaries on a "level playing field." Our combat individuals enter engagements to win. To that end, the United States has used its technical prowess and industrial capability to develop decisive weapons that overmatch those of potential enemies. In its current engagement-what has been identified as an "era of persistent conflict"- the nation's most important weapon is the dismounted soldier operating in small units. Today's soldier must be prepared to contend with both regular and irregular adversaries. Results in Iraq and Afghanistan show that, while the U.S. soldier is a formidable fighter, the contemporary suite of equipment and support does not afford the same high degree of overmatch capability exhibited by large weapons platforms-yet it is the soldier who ultimately will play the decisive role in restoring stability. Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields establishes the technical requirements for overmatch capability for dismounted soldiers operating individually or in small units. It prescribes technological and organizational capabilities needed to make the dismounted soldier a decisive weapon in a changing, uncertain, and complex future environment and provides the Army with 15 recommendations on how to focus its efforts to enable the soldier and tactical small unit (TSU) to achieve overmatch.

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256

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309284562

ISBN 13

9780309284561

Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass

Technological Status, Costs, and Environmental Impacts

By: National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,America's Energy Future Panel on Alternative Liquid Transportation Fuels

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Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass

Technological Status, Costs, and Environmental Impacts

By: National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,America's Energy Future Panel on Alternative Liquid Transportation Fuels

The transportation sector cannot continue on its current path: The volatility of oil prices threatens the U.S. economy, the large proportion of oil importation threatens U.S. energy security, and the massive contribution of greenhouse gases threatens the environment. The development of domestic sources of alternative transportation fuels with lower greenhouse emissions is now a national imperative. Coal and biomass are in abundant supply in the United States and can be converted to liquid fuels that can be combusted in existing and future vehicles. Their abundant supply makes them attractive candidates to provide non-oil-based liquid fuels to the U.S. transportation system. However, there are important questions about the economic viability, carbon impact, and technology status of these options. Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass provides a snapshot of the potential costs of liquid fuels from biomass by biochemical conversion and from biomass and coal by thermochemical conversion. Policy makers, investors, leaders in industry, the transportation sector, and others with a concern for the environment, economy, and energy security will look to this book as a roadmap to independence from foreign oil. With immediate action and sustained effort, alternative liquid fuels can be available in the 2020 time frame, if or when the nation needs them.

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388

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309137128

ISBN 13

9780309137126

AI-Powered Robotics: The Future of Machines

By: AI-Powered Robotics: The Future of Machines

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AI-Powered Robotics: The Future of Machines

By: AI-Powered Robotics: The Future of Machines

Dr.D.Manju, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE-(CyS, DS) and AI&DS, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Mrs.Putti Jyothi, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Dr.G.Dona Rashmi, Assistant Professor, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Dr.O.P.Uma Maheswari, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, P.K.R. Arts College for Women, Gobichettipalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.

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220

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SK Research Group of Companies

Published Date

ISBN 10

9364927397

ISBN 13

9789364927390

Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Air Force Studies Board,Committee on Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs

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Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs

The ability of the United States Air Force (USAF) to keep its aircraft operating at an acceptable operational tempo, in wartime and in peacetime, has been important to the Air Force since its inception. This is a much larger issue for the Air Force today, having effectively been at war for 20 years, with its aircraft becoming increasingly more expensive to operate and maintain and with military budgets certain to further decrease. The enormously complex Air Force weapon system sustainment enterprise is currently constrained on many sides by laws, policies, regulations and procedures, relationships, and organizational issues emanating from Congress, the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Air Force itself. Against the back-drop of these stark realities, the Air Force requested the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies, under the auspices of the Air Force Studies Board to conduct and in-depth assessment of current and future Air Force weapon system sustainment initiatives and recommended future courses of action for consideration by the Air Force. Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs addresses the following topics: Assess current sustainment investments, infrastructure, and processes for adequacy in sustaining aging legacy systems and their support equipment. Determine if any modifications in policy are required and, if so, identify them and make recommendations for changes in Air Force regulations, policies, and strategies to accomplish the sustainment goals of the Air Force. Determine if any modifications in technology efforts are required and, if so, identify them and make recommendations regarding the technology efforts that should be pursued because they could make positive impacts on the sustainment of the current and future systems and equipment of the Air Force. Determine if the Air Logistics Centers have the necessary resources (funding, manpower, skill sets, and technologies) and are equipped and organized to sustain legacy systems and equipment and the Air Force of tomorrow. Identify and make recommendations regarding incorporating sustainability into future aircraft designs.

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254

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030921520X

ISBN 13

9780309215206

International Perspectives

The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources: Proceedings of the Workshop Held April 17-19, 2002

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,International Perspectives: The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources Program Committee

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International Perspectives

The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources: Proceedings of the Workshop Held April 17-19, 2002

By: National Research Council,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,International Perspectives: The Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources Program Committee

The future of nonhuman primate (NHP) resources is a concern of scientists, veterinarians, and funding authorities. An April 2002 workshop brought participants from all over the world to discuss various aspects of the issue such as current shortfalls and excesses in NHP breeding and exportation programs, the status of breeding and conservation programs internationally, the development of specific pathogen-free colonies, difficulties in transporting NHP, and challenges in the management of NHP colonies.

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262

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309167159

ISBN 13

9780309167154

Science for Environmental Protection

The Road Ahead

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Science for EPA's Future

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Science for Environmental Protection

The Road Ahead

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Science for EPA's Future

In anticipation of future environmental science and engineering challenges and technologic advances, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the overall capabilities of the agency to develop, obtain, and use the best available scientific and technologic information and tools to meet persistent, emerging, and future mission challenges and opportunities. Although the committee cannot predict with certainty what new environmental problems EPA will face in the next 10 years or more, it worked to identify some of the common drivers and common characteristics of problems that are likely to occur. Tensions inherent to the structure of EPA's work contribute to the current and persistent challenges faced by the agency, and meeting those challenges will require development of leading-edge scientific methods, tools, and technologies, and a more deliberate approach to systems thinking and interdisciplinary science. Science for Environmental Protection: The Road Ahead outlines a framework for building science for environmental protection in the 21st century and identified key areas where enhanced leadership and capacity can strengthen the agency's abilities to address current and emerging environmental challenges as well as take advantage of new tools and technologies to address them. The foundation of EPA science is strong, but the agency needs to continue to address numerous present and future challenges if it is to maintain its science leadership and meet its expanding mandates.

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188

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309264898

ISBN 13

9780309264891

Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities

Public Service and Public Policy

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on the Future of the Colleges of Agriculture in the Land Grant University System

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Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities

Public Service and Public Policy

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on the Future of the Colleges of Agriculture in the Land Grant University System

Since their inception in 1862, the U.S. land grant colleges have evolved to become the training ground for the nation's and the world's agriculturists. In this book, the committee examines the future of the colleges of agriculture in light of changing national priorities for the agricultural, food, and natural resource system. The effects of federal funding constraints also are examined, as are opportunities for growth presented by developments in science. The committee's preceding volume, Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities: A Profile, is a compilation of the data that helped formulate the specific questions to be addressed. Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Univerisities: Public Service and Public Policy is the deliberative report, rating conclusions and recommendations for institutional innovation and public policy. It addresses these and other questions: What education mission should colleges of agriculture adoptâ€"and what strategies should they useâ€"in light of significant changes in the agricultural complex? Research in agriculture is expected to respond to consumer demands, environmental concerns, world population growth, and increasing pressure on agricultural lands. Is the century-old structure of land grant university-based research up to the task? What is the role of extension in light of today's smaller farming communities and larger farming conglomerates? This volume is the culmination of a landmark evaluation of land grant colleges of agriculture, an American institution. This document will be of value to policymakers, administrators, and others involved in agricultural science and education.

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139

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309054338

ISBN 13

9780309054331

Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Sciences,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Policy and Global Affairs,Science and Technology for Sustainability Program,Committee on Considerations for the Future of Animal Science Research

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Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability

By 2050 the world's population is projected to grow by one-third, reaching between 9 and 10 billion. With globalization and expected growth in global affluence, a substantial increase in per capita meat, dairy, and fish consumption is also anticipated. The demand for calories from animal products will nearly double, highlighting the critical importance of the world's animal agriculture system. Meeting the nutritional needs of this population and its demand for animal products will require a significant investment of resources as well as policy changes that are supportive of agricultural production. Ensuring sustainable agricultural growth will be essential to addressing this global challenge to food security. Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability identifies areas of research and development, technology, and resource needs for research in the field of animal agriculture, both nationally and internationally. This report assesses the global demand for products of animal origin in 2050 within the framework of ensuring global food security; evaluates how climate change and natural resource constraints may impact the ability to meet future global demand for animal products in sustainable production systems; and identifies factors that may impact the ability of the United States to meet demand for animal products, including the need for trained human capital, product safety and quality, and effective communication and adoption of new knowledge, information, and technologies. The agricultural sector worldwide faces numerous daunting challenges that will require innovations, new technologies, and new ways of approaching agriculture if the food, feed, and fiber needs of the global population are to be met. The recommendations of Critical Role of Animal Science Research in Food Security and Sustainability will inform a new roadmap for animal science research to meet the challenges of sustainable animal production in the 21st century.

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264

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309316472

ISBN 13

9780309316477

Genetically Engineered Crops

Experiences and Prospects

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops: Past Experience and Future Prospects

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Genetically Engineered Crops

Experiences and Prospects

Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

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607

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309437385

ISBN 13

9780309437387

The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Development, Security, and Cooperation,Committee on the Review of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships (STIP) for Development and Implications for the Future of USAID

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The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID

The United States has long recognized that the nation's prosperity and security depend on how we address challenges of disasters, poverty, famine, and disease around the world. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has played a vital role in promoting U.S. national and international interests by advancing strategies for employing science, technology, and innovation to respond to global challenges. The focus by USAID on science, technology, and innovation is critical to improve development outcomes. At the core of this progress is the engagement of science institutions and other innovative enterprises and their commitment to work in partnership with USAID to research, test, and scale solutions. The Role of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Partnerships in the Future of USAID provides an assessment and advice on the current and future role for science, technology, and innovation in assistance programs at USAID and on the role of partnerships in the public and private sectors to expand impact. This report examines challenges and opportunities for USAID in expanding the utilization of science, technology, and innovation in development assistance; assesses how USAID has deployed science, technology, and innovation; and recommends priority areas for improvement going forward in partnership with others.

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212

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309452473

ISBN 13

9780309452472

Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologiesâ¬"Report 2

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies

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Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologiesâ¬"Report 2

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Committee on Forecasting Future Disruptive Technologies

The term "disruptive technology" describes a technology that results in a sudden change affecting already established technologies or markets. Disruptive technologies cause one or more discontinuities in the normal evolutionary life cycle of technology. This may lead to an unexpected destabilization of an older technology order and an opportunity for new competitors to displace incumbents. Frequently cited examples include digital photography and desktop publishing. The first report of the series, Persistent Forecasting of Disruptive Technologies, discussed how technology forecasts were historically made, assessed various existing forecasting systems, and identified desirable attributes of a next-generation persistent long-term forecasting system for disruptive technologies. This second book attempts to sketch out high-level forecasting system designs. In addition, the book provides further evaluation of the system attributes defined in the first report, and evidence of the feasibility of creating a system with those attributes. Together, the reports are intended to help the Department of Defense and the intelligence community identify and develop a forecasting system that will assist in detecting and tracking global technology trends, producing persistent long-term forecasts of disruptive technologies, and characterizing their potential impact on future U.S. warfighting and homeland defense capabilities.

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341

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309157455

ISBN 13

9780309157452

The Future of Nursing

Leading Change, Advancing Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine

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The Future of Nursing

Leading Change, Advancing Health

By: Institute of Medicine,Committee on the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing, at the Institute of Medicine

The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.

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700

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309208955

ISBN 13

9780309208956

The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture

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The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture

Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.

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325

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309172942

ISBN 13

9780309172943

The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee for the Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces

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The Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee for the Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces

The Department of Defense is in the process of transforming the nation's armed forces to meet the military challenges of the 21st century. Currently, the opportunity exists to carry out experiments at individual and joint service levels to facilitate this transformation. Experimentation, which involves a spectrum of activities including analyses, war games, modeling and simulation, small focused experiments, and large field events among other things, provides the means to enhance naval and joint force development. To assist the Navy in this effort, the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct a study to examine the role of experimentation in building future naval forces to operate in the joint environment. The NRC formed the Committee for the Role of Experimentation in Building Future Naval Forces to perform the study.

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254

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309088739

ISBN 13

9780309088732

Reengineering the 2010 Census

Risks and Challenges

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Research on Future Census Methods

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Reengineering the 2010 Census

Risks and Challenges

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Research on Future Census Methods

At the request of the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Research Council's Committee on National Statistics established the Panel on Research on Future Census Methods to review the early planning process for the 2010 census. This new report documents the panel's strong support for the major aims of the Census Bureau's emerging plan for 2010. At the same time, it notes the considerable challenges that must be overcome if the bureau's innovations are to be successful. The panel agrees with the Census Bureau that implementation of the American Community Survey and, with it, the separation of the long form from the census process are excellent concepts. Moreover, it concurs that the critically important Master Address File and TIGER geographic systems are in dire need of comprehensive updating and that new technologies have the potential to improve the accuracy of the count. The report identifies the risks and rewards of these and other components of the Census Bureau's plan. The report emphasizes the need for the bureau to link its research and evaluation efforts much more closely to operational planning and the importance of funding for a comprehensive and rigorous testing program before 2010.

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292

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091896

ISBN 13

9780309091893

Getting Up to Speed

The Future of Supercomputing

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on the Future of Supercomputing

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Getting Up to Speed

The Future of Supercomputing

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on the Future of Supercomputing

Supercomputers play a significant and growing role in a variety of areas important to the nation. They are used to address challenging science and technology problems. In recent years, however, progress in supercomputing in the United States has slowed. The development of the Earth Simulator supercomputer by Japan that the United States could lose its competitive advantage and, more importantly, the national competence needed to achieve national goals. In the wake of this development, the Department of Energy asked the NRC to assess the state of U.S. supercomputing capabilities and relevant R&D. Subsequently, the Senate directed DOE in S. Rpt. 107-220 to ask the NRC to evaluate the Advanced Simulation and Computing program of the National Nuclear Security Administration at DOE in light of the development of the Earth Simulator. This report provides an assessment of the current status of supercomputing in the United States including a review of current demand and technology, infrastructure and institutions, and international activities. The report also presents a number of recommendations to enable the United States to meet current and future needs for capability supercomputers.

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306

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309165512

ISBN 13

9780309165518

Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

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Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Army Science and Technology,Committee on Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications

This report surveys opportunities for future Army applications in biotechnology, including sensors, electronics and computers, materials, logistics, and medical therapeutics, by matching commercial trends and developments with enduring Army requirements. Several biotechnology areas are identified as important for the Army to exploit, either by direct funding of research or by indirect influence of commercial sources, to achieve significant gains in combat effectiveness before 2025.

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118

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309170737

ISBN 13

9780309170734

Costs and Performance of Irrigation Projects

A Comparison of Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Developing Regions

By: Arlene B. Inocencio,International Water Management Institute,Future Harvest (Program)

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Costs and Performance of Irrigation Projects

A Comparison of Sub-Saharan Africa and Other Developing Regions

By: Arlene B. Inocencio,International Water Management Institute,Future Harvest (Program)

High irrigation investment costs together with declining world prices for food and the failures of a number of high profile past irrigation projects are the main reasons for the reluctance of development agencies and governments in sub-Saharan Africa to invest more resources in irrigation. This study aims to systematically establish whether costs of irrigation projects in sub-Saharan Africa are truly high, determine the factors which influence costs and performance of irrigation projects, and recommend cost-reducing and performance-enhancing options to make irrigation investments in the region more attractive. It analyzes 314 irrigation projects implemented from 1967 to 2003 in 50 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America funded by the World Bank, African Development Bank and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.

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