Ethics is a wide field which has contradicting argumentation. This book tries to open the foundations of ethics by the means of philosophical reasoning. It bridges the gap between the argumentation of ethics and the discussions in the philosophy of science.
Chinese Medicine is an outstanding scientific proposition system with its own structural, methodological and theoretical prerequisites flowing into the specific practices that make Chinese Medicine popular in the Western world. However, we should be aware of the fact that Chinese Medicine is challenged in its existence because it is widely unknown. Fostering the understanding of Chinese Medicine in various aspects is, hence, the main aim of this book that gives interesting insights into the discussions on current developments in Chinese Medicine research.
This abridged and revised edition of the original book (Springer-Wien-New York: 2001) offers the only comprehensive history and documentation of the Vienna Circle based on new sources with an innovative historiographical approach to the study of science. With reference to previously unpublished archival material and more recent literature, it refutes a number of widespread clichés about "neo-positivism" or "logical positivism". Following some insights on the relation between the history of science and the philosophy of science, the book offers an accessible introduction to the complex subject of "the rise of scientific philosophy” in its socio-cultural background and European philosophical networks till the forced migration in the Anglo-Saxon world. The first part of the book focuses on the origins of Logical Empiricism before World War I and the development of the Vienna Circle in "Red Vienna" (with the "Verein Ernst Mach"), its fate during Austro-Fascism (Schlick's murder 1936) and its final expulsion by National-Socialism beginning with the "Anschluß" in 1938. It analyses the dynamics of the Schlick-Circle in the intellectual context of "late enlightenment" including the minutes of the meetings from 1930 on for the first time published and presents an extensive description of the meetings and international Unity of Science conferences between 1929 and 1941. The chapters introduce the leading philosophers of the Schlick Circle (e.g., Hans Hahn, Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Felix Kaufmann, Edgar Zilsel) and describe the conflicting interaction between Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath, the long term communication between Moritz Schlick, Friedrich Waismann and Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as between the Vienna Circle with Heinrich Gomperz and Karl Popper. In addition, Karl Menger's "Mathematical Colloquium" with Kurt Gödel is presented as a parallel movement. The final chapter of this section describes the demise of the Vienna Circle and the forced exodus of scientists and intellectuals from Austria. The second part of the book includes a bio-bibliographical documentation of the Vienna Circle members and for the first time of the assassination of Moritz Schlick in 1936, followed by an appendix comprising an extensive list of sources and literature.
With this translation, one of the classics of German historical literature becomes available in English. In Weltburgertum und Nationalstaat the eminent historian Friedrich Meinecke attempted to trace the transition in Germany from eighteenth-century cosmopolitanism to nineteenth-century nationalism, and to clarify the genetic history of the German nation through an analysis of the relationship between Prussia and Germany. The insights and arguments that Meinecke developed in this work have influenced two generations of historians, as has his superb methodology, which integrated the two areas of ideas and politics with rare effectiveness. Originally published in 1970. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
In this book we display the fundamental structure underlying classical electro dynamics, i. e. , the phenomenological theory of electric and magnetic effects. The book can be used as a textbook for an advanced course in theoretical electrodynamics for physics and mathematics students and, perhaps, for some highly motivated electrical engineering students. We expect from our readers that they know elementary electrodynamics in the conventional (1 + 3)-dimensional form including Maxwell's equations. More over, they should be familiar with linear algebra and elementary analysis, in cluding vector analysis. Some knowledge of differential geometry would help. Our approach rests on the metric-free integral formulation of the conservation laws of electrodynamics in the tradition of F. Kottler (1922), E. Cartan (1923), and D. van Dantzig (1934), and we stress, in particular, the axiomatic point of view. In this manner we are led to an understanding of why the Maxwell equa tions have their specific form. We hope that our book can be seen in the classical tradition of the book by E. J. Post (1962) on the Formal Structure of Electro magnetics and of the chapter "Charge and Magnetic Flux" of the encyclopedia article on classical field theories by C. Truesdell and R. A. Toupin (1960), in cluding R. A. Toupin's Bressanone lectures (1965); for the exact references see the end of the introduction on page 11. .
In 1939, when the electron optics laboratory of Siemens & Halske Inc. began to manufacture the first electron microscopes, the biological and medical profes sions had an unexpected instrument at their disposal which exceeded the reso lution of the light microscope by more than a hundredfold. The immediate and broad application of this new tool was complicated by the overwhelming prob lems inherent in specimen preparation for the investigation of cellular struc tures. The microtechniques applied in light microscopy were no longer appli cable, since even the thinnest paraffin layers could not be penetrated by electrons. Many competent biological and medical research workers expressed their anxiety that objects in high vacuum would be modified due to complete dehydration and the absorbed electron energy would eventually cause degrada tion to rudimentary carbon backbones. It also seemed questionable as to whether it would be possible to prepare thin sections of approximately 0. 5 11m from heterogeneous biological specimens. Thus one was suddenly in posses sion of a completely unique instrument which, when compared with the light microscope, allowed a 10-100-fold higher resolution, yet a suitable preparation methodology was lacking. This sceptical attitude towards the application of electron microscopy in bi ology and medicine was supported simultaneously by the general opinion of colloid chemists, who postulated that in the submicroscopic region of living structures no stable building blocks existed which could be revealed with this apparatus.
Nanostructured metals with maximal grain or twin sizes of less than 100 nm have advanced properties like increased strength.As beneficial as these microstructures can be for the strength of materials, they are not infinitely stable. During mechanical loading these metals tend to coarsen and lose their beneficial structure. Besides electron microscopic analysis of fatigued samples, in situ cycling tests were conducted in order to observe structural degradation during mechanical loading.
Fifteen years have passed since I was working at a dam site super vising grouting work. That was not the first time that I had to car ry out engineering geological investigations for several similar projects, which always included testing programmes to find out the permeability of the rock, and often I was in charge of grouting work. It thus attracted my attention when this particular grouting programme did not run as intended: most of the grout holes took only very little grout! It could not be the aim of the invested work simply to drill holes and fill them again without bringing about any further improvement. Fortunately, I had the chance to be en gaged in many other grouting programmes in the following years and used all these examples to analyse as thoroughly as possible the permeability of the rocks being treated in view of their grout ability. The more I studied, the stronger my conviction grew that our rules which had decided the grouting of rock for many de cades should be developed further, and therefore I occupied my self with contributing some ideas for a new basis to investigation and judgment of permeability of rock and for a more adequate application of this technology.
The lengthy introduction by the eminent sociologist Werner Stark provides a framework for understanding not just the importance of a singular thinker, but also the entire fabric of German history from Bismarck, the Kaiser, the Weimar Republic, and Nazism, to the post-World War II effort at the cultural, no less than material reconstruction of a democratic Germany.
Constructive Realism, an increasingly discussed philosophy of science founded by the Viennese philosopher of science Fritz G. Wallner, is the core issue of the texts gathered in this volume. The authors either discuss the constructive-realistic view philosophically or present their research interpreted by the constructive-realistic doctrine. Constructive Realism inspires philosophy as well as natural science and humanities. This volume proves this inspiring feature of Constructive Realism. All texts are written by colleagues, friends and scholars of Fritz G. Wallner to honour his 60th birthday.
Hajime Yoshino ist seit den Siebzigerjahren ein maßgeblicher Protagonist der Rechtslogik und der Rechtsinformatik in Japan. Der Gelehrtencommunity um Herbert Fiedler, Arthur Kaufmann, Ulrich Klug, Lothar Philipps, Jürgen Rödig, Ilmar Tammelo und Ota Weinberger entstammend, hat er sich unermüdlich für die Anwendung der Logik in der Rechtswissenschaft eingesetzt und damit auch den Weg für die Rechtsinformatik mitbereitet. Sein Anliegen, das er in der "Logischen Jurisprudenz" zusammengefasst hat, ist Auftrag und Zeichen, die formalen Wurzeln der Rechtswissenschaft im Übergangsfeld zur Rechtsinformatik weiterhin zu verstärken und auszubauen. Professor Hajime Yoshino ist eine angenehme und humorvolle Persönlichkeit. Es ist ein Privilegium, ihn treffen zu können. Er regt die Diskussionen an und wirkt integrativ. Im Zuge der Gestaltung dieses Sammelbandes wurde erneut deutlich, dass es in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis nicht nur um den Kernbereich der Anwendung der formalen Logik geht, sondern dass das Wort "Formalisierung" ein weiteres Feld beschreibt, das – der Avantgarde zugeordnet – durch explizite Strukturierungen eine intellektuelle Durchdringung des Rechtes und seines Umfeldes aufbereitet. Die Vielzahl der in diesem Sammelband behandelten Themen gruppiert sich in unterschiedlicher Intensität um Yoshinos Anliegen einer Rechtswissenschaft, in welcher der Logik und dem formalen Denken ein grundlegender Stellenwert zukommt.
Ethics is a wide field which has contradicting argumentation. This book tries to open the foundations of ethics by the means of philosophical reasoning. It bridges the gap between the argumentation of ethics and the discussions in the philosophy of science.
Relativism is a permanent challenge for European intellectuals. In this volume the author elaborates a new view of relativism considering the pros and contras of relativism and absolutism. To open this new view, the author points out the historical backgrounds of the emergence of European relativism and introduces an interesting distinction that facilitates the intellectual intercourse with the relativistic challenge, i.e. the distinction between relativism and relativity. In a further theoretical step the author founds a new understanding of knowledge by replacing the well-tried term truth that causes so many problems by the term commitment opening new ways to philosophy of science. This volume gathers a broad variety of topics because the author applies his insights to the analysis of scientific structures and cultural prerequisites founding science: issues in philosophy of science and current problems are discussed. But also Traditional Chinese Medicine and indigenous knowledge systems are reflected.
In the last years an increasing interest in TCM has emerged in the Western world. This interest is both practical and theoretical. This book is written for all those with a practical interest in TCM; it gathers texts for those interested in TCM in a philosophical way, but is not loaded with too detailed philosophical information. This book is suitable for practitioners of TCM and for all those who are interested in the structure of TCM and Western medicine.
Chinese Medicine is an outstanding scientific proposition system with its own structural, methodological and theoretical prerequisites flowing into the specific practices that make Chinese Medicine popular in the Western world. However, we should be aware of the fact that Chinese Medicine is challenged in its existence because it is widely unknown. Fostering the understanding of Chinese Medicine in various aspects is, hence, the main aim of this book that gives interesting insights into the discussions on current developments in Chinese Medicine research.
In the last years an increasing interest in TCM has emerged in the Western world. This interest is both practical and theoretical. This book is written for all those with a practical interest in TCM; it gathers texts for those interested in TCM in a philosophical way, but is not loaded with too detailed philosophical information. This book is suitable for practitioners of TCM and for all those who are interested in the structure of TCM and Western medicine.
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.