This book invites the reader to step back in time and imagine the days when ancestors traveled through wooden spans to reach their daily destinations. Starting in the early 1800s, Pennsylvania's rich forests provided natural material for the construction of more than 1,500 covered bridges across the state. The first covered bridge was built in 1805. Pennsylvania's Covered Bridges looks at the earliest covered bridges as well as those that have survived modern progress. Images also show rare railroad covered bridges that have been saved from destruction over the years.
PennsylvaniaA[a¬a[s Historic Bridges examines the development of different types of bridge structures across Pennsylvania through the world of postcards, many of which are from the early 1900s. The structures featured are constructed from various materials and in a multitude of styles. Also found within these pages are several postcards of pedestrian bridges, canal bridges, trolley bridges, railroad bridges, and an aqueduct.
This book provides a comprehensive examination of all aspects of the ecotoxicology of soil organisms. The book explains how contaminants reach the soil, traces their transport through the soil, and then moves on to examine the effects of contaminants on different groups of soil organisms (e.g., microorganisms, micro- and mesofauna, larger soil animals including vertebrates). The book also considers food chain transfer and discusses risk assessment procedures that are specific to soil conditions. Ecotoxicology of Soil Organisms is the only book to take such a sweeping approach toward soil ecotoxicology.
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