This work contrasts conservative or minimally mutilating revisions of empirical theories as they are identified in the presently dominant AGM model of formal belief revision and the structuralist program for the reconstruction of empirical theories. The aim is to make understandable why both approaches only partly succeed in substantially informing and formally restraining the issue. With respect to the rationality of minimal change, the overall result is negative. Readers with an interest in formal epistemology are provided with application cases (mercury anomaly, revision of early thermo-dynamics, introduction of the neutrino), the historically inclined reader is offered a systematic perspective. The discussion can largely be followed without a background in formal logic.
Relevant to, and drawing from, a range of disciplines, the chapters in this collection show the diversity, and applicability, of research in Bayesian argumentation. Together, they form a challenge to philosophers versed in both the use and criticism of Bayesian models who have largely overlooked their potential in argumentation. Selected from contributions to a multidisciplinary workshop on the topic held in Sweden in 2010, the authors count linguists and social psychologists among their number, in addition to philosophers. They analyze material that includes real-life court cases, experimental research results, and the insights gained from computer models. The volume provides, for the first time, a formal measure of subjective argument strength and argument force, robust enough to allow advocates of opposing sides of an argument to agree on the relative strengths of their supporting reasoning. With papers from leading figures such as Michael Oaksford and Ulrike Hahn, the book comprises recent research conducted at the frontiers of Bayesian argumentation and provides a multitude of examples in which these formal tools can be applied to informal argument. It signals new and impending developments in philosophy, which has seen Bayesian models deployed in formal epistemology and philosophy of science, but has yet to explore the full potential of Bayesian models as a framework in argumentation. In doing so, this revealing anthology looks destined to become a standard teaching text in years to come.
Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2002 in the subject Rhetoric / Elocution / Oratory, grade: 8,5 von 10, M.A. with honours, University of Amsterdam (Int. School for Humanities & Social Sciences), course: Speech-Communication, Argumentation-Theory and Rhetorics, language: English, abstract: This text is concerned with the place of etymology as an argument in a critical discussion according to the Pragma-Dialectic model. My thesis is a criticisms of the etymological argument for an ontological presupposition of essences beyond the observable real world that seem necessarily implied in forwarding etymology as a means to formulate and justify definitions of key-terms. The research spells out criteria of fallaciousness and, eventually, suggest that all essential definitions are to be avoided or mitigated so that no ontological import takes place, but the essential method instead assumed as functionally equivalent to the Aristotelian method of defining according to the genus proximum and differentia specifica scheme to get rid of the ontological problem, at least. The criticism of essentialism used is the German-Englishman Karl Popper′s forwarded in The Open Society which is published, in English, at the end of the second world war in criticism of the European totalitarian political excesses at that time. It is a modern criticism that I bring in relation to the comparably relevant, yet somewhat older postulation of an arbitrary relation between the linguistic form and its meaning by the French linguist Ferdinand Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics, published by students in 1915. Popper′s criticism is, in his full intent, also a criticism of the methods of 20th century Social Sciences and Humanities in contrast to the Natural Sciences. I try to give this discussion some room but will disappoint anyone who reads the text for a statement on the methods debate. Its centrality is pointed out, though. I make ample use of notes that distract a smooth reading substantially, especially as I decided to use endnotes. The first reading should be exercised in complete disregard of the footnotes. This way, you get what is in the text. The second should include the endnotes. This way you get to where I come from and it is the level at which criticism should find its most fruitful soil. ′Essentially, what you do in parliament is talking. Parliament. Look at the French word parler - to talk. There you have it′. From a discussion on a Netherlands Radio Station, July 2002 [...]
This work contrasts conservative or minimally mutilating revisions of empirical theories as they are identified in the presently dominant AGM model of formal belief revision and the structuralist program for the reconstruction of empirical theories. The aim is to make understandable why both approaches only partly succeed in substantially informing and formally restraining the issue. With respect to the rationality of minimal change, the overall result is negative. Readers with an interest in formal epistemology are provided with application cases (mercury anomaly, revision of early thermo-dynamics, introduction of the neutrino), the historically inclined reader is offered a systematic perspective. The discussion can largely be followed without a background in formal logic.
We can easily forget the life-changing message at the center of Christmas. These 4 modern plays snap the picture back into focus. Each script hooks the audience's attention with gentle humor and draws them into serious reflection on the birth of Christ.
For complete, authoritative coverage of every aspect of thoracic and cardiac surgery, turn to the unparalleled guidance found in Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest, 9th Edition. Now in full-color for the first time, Drs. Frank W. Sellke, Pedro J. del Nido, and Scott J. Swanson’s standard-setting set is meticulously organized so that you can quickly find expert information on open and endoscopic surgical techniques performed in the operating room. With its comprehensive coverage of thoracic as well as adult and pediatric cardiac surgery, this 9th Edition is an essential resource not only for all thoracic surgeons, but also for physicians, residents, and students concerned with diseases of the chest. Find what you need quickly with short, focused chapters divided into three major sections: Adult Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery. Benefit from the knowledge and expertise of global experts who provide a comprehensive view of the entire specialty. Master all of the most important current knowledge and techniques in cardiac and thoracic surgery—whether for specialty board review or day-to-day surgical practice. Visualize challenging surgical techniques and procedures and navigate the text more efficiently thanks to an all-new, full-color design. Stay up to date with revised or all-new chapters including Critical Care for War-related Thoracic Surgery; Neuromonitoring and Neurodevelopment Outcomes in Congenital Heart Surgery; and Quality Improvement: Surgical Performance. Keep abreast of cutting-edge topics such as endovascular stenting and cell-based therapies, as well as the latest innovations in imaging and diagnosis, minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery, and percutaneous devices. Sharpen your surgical skills with access to 21 procedural videos online, including 3 new videos covering Surgical Technique-VATS Sympathetic Block; Open pneumothorax; and Extent II repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.
Through seven successful editions, Sabiston & Spencer Surgery of the Chest has set the standard in cardiothoracic surgery references. Now, the new 8th Edition, edited by Frank W. Sellke, MD, Pedro J. del Nido, MD, and Scott J. Swanson, MD, carries on this tradition with updated coverage of today's essential clinical knowledge from leaders worldwide. Guidance divided into three major sections—Adult Cardiac Surgery, Congenital Heart Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery—lets you quickly find what you need, while new and revised chapters reflect all of the important changes within this rapidly evolving specialty. Expert Consult functionality—new to this edition—enables you to access the complete contents of the 2-volume set from anyplace with an Internet connection for convenient consultation where and when you need it. This is an ideal source for mastering all of the most important current knowledge and techniques in cardiac and thoracic surgery—whether for specialty board review or day-to-day practice. Features short, focused chapters that help you find exactly what you need. Presents the work of international contributors who offer a global view of the entire specialty. Covers thoracic surgery as well as adult and pediatric cardiac surgery for a practical and powerful single source. Includes nearly 1,100 illustrations that help to clarify key concepts. Features online access to the complete contents of the 2-volume text at expertconsult.com for convenient anytime, anywhere reference. Covers the hottest topics shaping today's practice, including the latest theory and surgical techniques for mitral valve disease, advances in the treatment of congenital heart disease, minimally invasive surgical approaches to the treatment of adult and congenital cardiac disease and thoracic disease, stent grafting for aortic disease, and cell-based therapies. Your purchase entitles you to access the web site until the next edition is published, or until the current edition is no longer offered for sale by Elsevier, whichever occurs first. Elsevier reserves the right to offer a suitable replacement product (such as a downloadable or CD-ROM-based electronic version) should access to the web site be discontinued.
The major portion of this study is devoted to the lyric poems of the 12th & 13th century which constitute Southern France's greatest contribution to world literature. Nevertheless, chronology requires that this study begins by glancing briefly at two narrative pieces, the oldest Provencal poems of which we have any knowledge. Contents: The Earliest Provencal Verse: "Boeci," & the "Chanson de Sainte Foy"; Guilhem VII, Comte de Peitieu (or Peiteus); Marcabru; Marcabru's Contemporaries; "Trobar clus"; "Trobar leu"; The Generation of '80; Thematic Genres in the 13th Century; Genres Based on Form; Non-lyric Genres; & Bibliography.
The only text to cover the full range of adult cardiac, thoracic, and pediatric chest surgery, Sabiston and Spencer Surgery of the Chest provides unparalleled guidance in a single, two-volume resource. This gold standard reference, edited by Drs. Frank Sellke, Pedro del Nido, and Scott Swanson, covers today’s most important knowledge and techniques in cardiac and thoracic surgery—the information you need for specialty board review and for day-to-day surgical practice. Meticulously organized so that you can quickly find expert information on open and endoscopic surgical techniques, this 10th Edition is an essential resource not only for all cardiothoracic surgeons, but also for physicians, residents, and students concerned with diseases of the chest. Features short, focused chapters divided into three major sections: Adult Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, and Thoracic Surgery. Presents the knowledge and expertise of global experts who provide a comprehensive view of the entire specialty. Provides full-color coverage throughout, helping you visualize challenging surgical techniques and procedures and navigate the text efficiently. Includes new chapters on dissection complications and percutaneous treatment of mitral and tricuspid valve disease. Offers extensively revised or rewritten chapters on surgical revascularization, acute dissection, vascular physiology, the latest innovations in minimally invasive cardiothoracic surgery and percutaneous devices, the molecular biology of thoracic malignancy, robotics in chest surgery, congenital valve reconstructions, novel hybrid procedures in pediatric cardiac surgery, and 3D visualization of cardiac anatomy for surgical procedure planning. Keeps you up to date with the latest developments in cardiothoracic imaging and diagnosis. Provides access to more than 30 surgical videos online, and features new figures, tables, and illustrations throughout.
The second annual volume of the International Place Branding Yearbook; this collection looks at the case for applying brand and marketing strategies and to the economic, social, political and cultural development of cities, towns and regions around the world to help them compete in the global, national and local markets.
Ecology is the centerpiece of many of the most important decisions that face humanity. Roots of Ecology documents the deep ancestry of this now enormously important science from the early ideas of Herodotos, Plato, and Pliny, up through those of Linnaeus and Darwin, to those that inspired Ernst Haeckel's mid-nineteenth-century neologism ecology. Based on a long-running series of regularly published columns, this important work gathers a vast literature illustrating the development of ecological and environmental concepts, ideas, and creative thought that has led to our modern view of ecology. Roots of Ecology should be on every ecologist's shelf.
This study of technology auctions is long overdue. The book provides a better understanding of intermediaries, and their role and impact in markets for technology. Both scholars and managers will find it insightful.' Alfonso Gambardella, Bocconi University, Italy 'From this book, managers, academics and innovation policy makers will all benefit from new insights into the complex relationships between external technology exploitation strategies, patents, technology trade and open innovation processes. The convincing evidence drawn from a dataset of technology auctions helps firms to understand which of their patents are suitable for auction, and also provides guidance to intermediaries to help improve the auction models. The data presented in this book contributes to further price transparency on technology markets and hence to their further development.' Hugo Tschirky, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Within the open innovation paradigm, firms need to operate efficiently in markets for technology. This book presents original research on technology transactions, market intermediaries and, specifically, the role of auctions as a novel transaction model for patented technologies. Frank Tietze delivers an in-depth discussion of the impact of empirical results upon transaction cost theory, and in so doing, provides the means for better understanding technology transaction processes in general, and auctions in particular. Substantiating transaction cost theory with empirical auction data, the author goes on to explore how governance structures need to be designed for effective distributed innovation processes. He concludes that the auction mechanism is a viable transaction model, and illustrates that the auction design, as currently operated by market intermediaries, requires thorough adjustments. Various options for possible improvements are subsequently prescribed. The theoretical facets of this book will strongly appeal to business economists, whilst its practical implications will provide an illuminating read for both academics and practitioners in the fields of innovation and intellectual property. Revealing empirically substantiated technology prices, this book will also prove to be of great interest to policy makers for further developing the markets for technology.
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