Parties to cross-border disputes arising anywhere in the vast Portuguese-speaking world – a community of more than 230 million in a space that offers a wide array of investment opportunities across four continents – increasingly seek Portugal as their preferred seat of arbitration. A signatory to all relevant international conventions, Portugal has proven to be an ‘arbitration-friendly’ jurisdiction. This volume is the first and so far only book in English that provides a thorough, in-depth analysis of international arbitration law and practice in Portugal. Its contributing authors are among the most highly regarded legal names in the country, including scholars, arbitrators, and practitioners. The authors describe how international arbitration proceedings are conducted in Portugal, what cautions should be taken, and what procedural strategies may be suitable in particular cases. They provide insightful answers to questions such as the following: What matters can be submitted to arbitration under Portuguese law? What are the validity requirements for an arbitration agreement? How do the State courts interact with arbitration proceedings and what is the attitude of such courts toward international arbitration? What are the rules governing evidentiary matters in arbitration? How is an arbitration tribunal constituted? How are arbitrators appointed? How may they be challenged? How can an international arbitral award be recognized and enforced? How does the Portuguese legal system address the issue of damages and what specific damages are admitted? How are the costs of arbitration proceedings estimated and allocated? The book includes analyses of arbitration related to specific fields of the law, notably sports, administrative, tax, intellectual property rights (especially regarding reference and generic medicines), and corporate disputes. Each chapter provides, for the topics it addresses, an examination of the applicable laws, rules, arbitration practice, and views taken by arbitral tribunals and state courts as well as those of the most highly considered scholars. As a detailed examination of the legal framework and of all procedural steps of an arbitration in Portugal, from the drafting of an arbitration agreement to the enforcement of an award, this book constitutes an invaluable resource for parties involved in or considering an international arbitration in this country. The guidance that it seeks to provide in respect of any problem likely to arise in this context can be useful to arbitrators, judges, academics, and interested lawyers.
Unlike conventional direct taxes, the application and administration of value-added tax (VAT) depends to a considerable extent on the exchange of information between the taxable person and his transaction counterparts. In practice, the taxable person often fails to obtain necessary information from his transaction counterparts, giving rise to information asymmetries that can induce VAT assessments, sanctions, and audits. In its up-to-date overview of European Union (EU) VAT law, this book assesses legislation, case law, and practice at EU and national levels, in the process of examining how to minimize the risks and negative consequences associated with information asymmetries. As a result of his in-depth treatment of the subject, the author establishes the following: – to what extent information asymmetries in EU VAT have legal implications (e.g., VAT assessments, fines) for the taxable person; – to what extent information asymmetries shouldhave legal implications for the taxable person, taking into account the legal principles applicable in EU VAT; – to what extent positive EU VAT law indeed implies the risk of information asymmetries and any associated unjustified legal implications; and – to what extent legal remedies should be employed to avoid or to reduce information asymmetries for the taxable person. This is the first book to conduct thorough research into the causes and legal implications of information asymmetries, as well as the instruments which can be employed to counter their materialization. As such, it will be of inestimable value to practitioners, legislators, policymakers, entrepreneurs, judicial professionals, and academics concerned with EU VAT law.
For any advanced club player (Elo 1800 - 2300) one thing remains true: if you want to win more games, nothing works better than training your combination skills. After all, studying the endgame will not help you if you are defeated by a deadly tactic long before the ending is reached. In this follow-up to his acclaimed 1001 Chess Exercise for Club Players, FIDE Master Frank Erwich teaches you how to reach the next level of identifying weak spots in the position of your opponent, recognizing patterns of combinations, visualizing tricks and calculating effectively. Erwich repeats the themes of his previous book, focusing on exercises in which the key move is less obvious. He also introduces new, more sophisticated tactical weapons. They are geared towards the reality of the advanced club player: it is not enough to spot simple combinations, at this level you must be able to resist your reflexes and look deeper. Being able to take a piece of your opponent, doesn’t mean you have to. If one of your pieces is attacked you should first research what happens if you don’t move it away. In variations that look forcing you will always search for that deadly Zwischenzug. Quiet moves in general should be your new best friends. In short: an advanced club player should expect the unexpected. One of the celebrated elements of Erwich’s previous book, neglected in other books on tactics, is back: defence! You will also learn how to defend against tactics, as well as how to use tactical weapons when you are under heavy pressure. 1001 Chess Exercises for Advanced Club Players is a complete and structured course, and not just a collection of freewheeling puzzles. Erwich starts every chapter with an instructive explanation of the tactical concept and has carefully selected the most didactically productive exercises.
The ras Superfamily of GTPases presents the most comprehensive compilation of information available regarding aspects of the putative function of small ras-related GTPases. The book's chapters were written by the world's most prominent scientists in this field and cover such topics as the structure and properties of ras proteins, ras function, the ras superfamily in general, and the functional regulation of ras and ras-related GTPases. The book will benefit cell biologists, oncologists, neurobiologists, molecular biologists, and others interested in the topic.
Impending defeat: military losses, the Wehrmacht and ordinary Germans -- Confronting defeat: returning POWs and the politics of victimization -- Embodied defeat: medicine, psychiatry, and the trauma of the returned POW -- Survivors of totalitarianism: returning POWs and the making of West German citizens -- Antifascist conversions: returning POWs and the making of East German citizens -- Parallel exclusions: the West German POW trials and the East German purges -- Absent presence: missing POWs and MIAs -- Divided reunion: the return of the last POWs -- Histories of the aftermath.
Atlas of Human Anatomy uses Frank H. Netter, MD's detailed illustrations to demystify this often intimidating subject, providing a coherent, lasting visual vocabulary for understanding anatomy and how it applies to medicine. This 5th Edition features a stronger clinical focus-with new diagnostic imaging examples-making it easier to correlate anatomy with practice. Student Consult online access includes supplementary learning resources, from additional illustrations to an anatomy dissection guide and more. Netter. It's how you know. See anatomy from a clinical perspective with hundreds of exquisite, hand-painted illustrations created by, and in the tradition of, pre-eminent medical illustrator Frank H. Netter, MD. Join the global community of healthcare professionals who've mastered anatomy the Netter way! Expand your study at studentconsult.com, where you'll find a suite of learning aids including selected Netter illustrations, additional clinically-focused illustrations and radiologic images, videos from Netter's 3D Interactive Anatomy, dissection modules, an anatomy dissection guide, multiple-choice review questions, "drag-and-drop" exercises, clinical pearls, clinical cases, survival guides, surgical procedures, and more. Correlate anatomy with practice through an increased clinical focus, many new diagnostic imaging examples, and bonus clinical illustrations and guides online.
Politik, Gesellschaft, Kultur, Kunst und Religion sind im Wien der Ersten Republik durch eine immense Zunahme der Integration und Partizipation der jüdischen Bevölkerung charakterisiert. Die innergesellschaftliche Dynamik der jungen Demokratie und die Wechselwirkung der verschiedenen jüdischen Milieus, die Zuwanderungen aus Ost- und Südosteuropa sowie die wachsende kulturelle Vernetzung mit Berlin, Budapest, Paris und Prag führten zu einflussreichen Ausprägungen der österreichisch-jüdischen Kultur in allen Bereichen der Entwicklung der Stadt Wien. Antidemokratische Tendenzen, insbesondere der Antisemitismus, beeinflussten sowohl die tagespolitischen Debatten als auch die innerjüdischen Diskussionen im Spannungsfeld von Integration, Antisemitismus und Zionismus. Die Publikation 'Wien und die jüdische Erfahrung 1900-1938. Akkulturation, Antisemitismus, Zionismus' versammelt interdisziplinäre Beiträge von renommierten WissenschaftlerInnen aus Österreich, Deutschland, Israel und den USA, die die 'Wiener jüdische Erfahrung von 1900-1938' in ihren Beiträgen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven mit dem Schwerpunkt auf der bisher nicht ausreichend erforschten Zwischenkriegszeit beleuchten. Mit Beiträgen von: Evelyn Adunka, Gabriele Anderl, Steven Beller, Elisabeth Brainin u. Samy Teicher, Brigitte Dalinger, Klaus Davidowicz, Peter Dusek, Armin Eidherr, Sander Gilman, Sandra Goldstein, Murray G. Hall, Werner Hanak, Dieter Hecht, Klaus Hödl, Peter Landesmann, Eleonore Lappin, Albert Lichtblau, Hanno Loewy, Elisabeth Malleier, Siegfried Mattl, Wolfgang Müller-Funk, Michael Laurence Miller, Harriet Pass Freidenreich, Birgit Peter, Marcus G. Patka, Michaela Raggam-Blesch, Bettina Riedmann, Karin Stögner, Karin Wagner.
Inspired by an actual crime, this riveting tale of avarice, degeneration, and death chronicles the demise of an ignorant charlatan and his avaricious wife as they descend into moral corruption.
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