Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of information technology in manufacturing, so much so that it has rapidly permeated the organization at every level. Consequently, there is a growing need for those related to or interested in manufacturing to understand the nature of this technology and the way it can best be used to increase competitive advantage, hence the profit. This book is a contribution towards better understanding of information technology and information systems and their application in manufacturing.The main feature of this book is that it addresses information systems and its application in manufacturing with a view to improving the competitive advantage. It offers fundamental understanding of information technology and underpinning principles, but also practical issues related to its implementation and operation. Additionally, the material is structured such that the reader is taken logically from basic principles to practical issues of information systems. Yet, chapters tend to be sufficiently independent making the text suitable for those with particular interest.
Mathematical modelling and optimization of the natural gas based Distributed Energy Supply System (DESS), both at the building level and the overall energy supply network level was carried out for three types of micro-CHP – solid oxide fuel cells, Stirling engines, internal combustion engines – and for two operating strategies – cost-driven and primary energy-driven. The modelling framework has particularly allowed the quantification of the impact of micro-CHP on the total primary energy consumption at the whole network level. The result of a case study based on the UK reveals the range of the overall reduction in primary energy usage and central power plant capacity requirement and the range of the increase in natural gas supply to homes. The economic analysis shows that the coupling of different technologies, sizes of the CHP engine, and the operating strategies gives rise to a wide range of payback time.
This paper proposes an ontological framework to support Industrial Symbiosis (IS) operation. The framework exploits semantic knowledge modeling and enables structural data transformation for identification of potential synergies between various industries and hence formation of one to one and complex symbiotic networks.
Renewable energy, especially biofuels, is seen as a viable solution to replace fossil fuels. Tighter environmental regulations have encouraged countries to develop strategic approaches to utilize alternative resources and new technologies. In retrospect, the performances of supply chains (SCs) are important from economic and environmental perspectives. Current research mainly focuses on the optimization of biofuel SCs in terms of economics, and distribution networks for other products and markets. There has been less work addressing the design of the distribution network for biofuel SC, in centralised/decentralised distribution, covering financial and environmental aspects. In this paper, we propose the optimization framework for biofuel SC with respect to the type of distribution network, and geographical locations of the facilities. Our research focuses on finding the optimal locations of the biofuel plant, considering biomass dispersions and customer locations based on candidate points. We also investigate the effects of using different transportation modes and the environmental effects on the type of distribution network used. A case study of a lignocellulosic plant distributing ethanol to its customers in various cities within UK has been used to validate the above framework. The result shows that the total distances of travel, as well as the unit transportation cost dominate the strategic application of either a centralised or decentralised distribution network. The concept presented in this research can be applied to other distribution design cases in various geographical locations and countries.
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