Advanced Techniques in Musculoskeletal Medicine & Physiotherapy is a brand new, highly illustrated guide to the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. It demonstrates how to safely and effectively use selected minimally invasive therapies in practice. In addition to more well-established techniques such as acupuncture or dry needling, this ground-breaking resource also covers techniques including intratissue percutaneous electrolysis, mesotherapy, percutaneous needle tenotomy, and high volume image guided injections. Other featured chapters include those on specific musculoskeletal ultrasound such as sonoanatomy and ultrasound-guided procedures. Each chapter describes the principles, indications and contraindications, mechanisms of action and detailed outlines of techniques with an emphasis throughout on accessible practical information. Additionally, methodologies, research results and summaries of studies for particular minimally invasive therapies are presented. The book is also supported by a companion website – www.advancedtechniquesonline.com – containing procedural video clips, a full colour image library and interactive multiple choice questions (MCQs). - skills-based and clinically-oriented – reinforced by the latest contemporary scientific medical research - chapters on outcomes in clinical practice - indications and contraindications discussed - clinical cases, key terms and key points boxes used throughout - companion website – www.advancedtechniquesonline.com – containing procedural video clips, full colour image bank and interactive MCQs
This book focuses on civil service reform within the central administration in Latin America. It analyzes updated versions of the country assessments carried out by the Inter-American Development Bank in 2004 in 16 countries and presents a comparative analysis of the ways in which the countries have evolved during the last decade. The methodology is based on the principles of the Ibero-American Charter for Public Service. In addition, it draws lessons from reform processes, identifying strategies for civil service modernization in the region. Finally, the book proposes a possible future agenda to continue the efforts to further professionalize the civil service in Latin America.
One outstanding question in biology is the problem of devel opment: how the genetic instructions encoded in the DNA become expressed in the morphological, physiological, and behavioral features of multicellular organisms, through an ordered sequence of events that extend from the first cell division of the zygote to the adult stage and eventual death. The problem is how a one dimensional array of instructions is transformed into a four dimensional entity, the organism that exists in space and time. Understanding this transformation is, nevertheless, necessary for mastering the process of evolution. One hundred and twenty-five years after The Origin of Species, we have gained some understanding of evolution at the genetic level. Genetic information is stored in the linear sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. Gene mutations, chromosomal reorganiza tions, and a host of related processes introduce variation in the sequence and the amount of DNA. The fate of these variations is determined by interactions within the genome and with the outside environment that are largely understood. We have recently gained a glimpse of how the genome of eukaryotes is organized and will learn much more about it in the future, now that we have the research tools for it.
An insightful study of the political, economic, and social changes Brazil experienced during the twenty-year rule of its Cold War military regime. Cuba’s revolution in 1959 fueled powerful anti-Communist fears in the United States. As a result, in the years that followed, governments throughout Central and South America were toppled in U.S.-backed military coups, and by 1977 only three democratically elected leaders remained in all of Latin America. This perceptive study, coauthored by a revered historian and a prominent economist, examines how the military rulers of Brazil profoundly altered the nation’s economy, politics, and society during their two decades in power, and it explores the lasting impact of these changes after democracy was restored. Comparing and contrasting the history, programs, methods, and goals of Brazil’s Cold War–era authoritarian government with the military regimes of Peru, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay, authors Herbert Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna offer a fascinating, detailed analysis of the Brazilian experience from 1964 to 1985, one of the darkest, most difficult periods in Latin American history.
This collection of essays aims to contribute to our understanding of the process of regional integration currently underway in South America. Mercosur is a regional manifestation of a world-wide process of globalisation whose driving force is economic, but which is potentially much more than that. It involves a variety of political, social and cultural processes, some of them barely at an embryonic stage, though each advancing at its own rate of progress. Mercosur's neo-liberal matrix, however, has led to the economic decision-making process being taken outside the realm of politics, thus leaving large sections of the population with no mechanism to influence the integration process so that it addresses their urgent needs and demands.
This is the first complete economic and social history of Brazil in the modern period in any language. It provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian society and economy from the end of the empire in 1889 to the present day. The authors elucidate the basic trends that have defined modern Brazilian society and economy. In this period Brazil moved from being a mostly rural traditional agriculture society with only light industry and low levels of human capital to a modern literate and industrial nation. It has also transformed itself into one of the world's most important agricultural exporters. How and why this occurred is explained in this important survey.
This compilation of scientific papers has as main purpose to disseminate data and information pertinent to the area of concentration being conducted by students, with the help of some professors, in order to demonstrate not only the relevance of the field of maritime studies but also the diversity and complexity of geopolitical, historical, technical-scientific and maritime law themes. Esta compilação de artigos científicos tem como objetivo principal divulgar dados e informações pertinentes à área de concentração que está sendo conduzida pelos alunos, com o auxílio de alguns professores, a fim de demonstrar não só a relevância da área de estudos marítimos, mas também a diversidade e complexidade dos temas geopolíticos, históricos, técnico-científicos e de direito marítimo.
About two centuries after the communication by Sir Percival Pott that the "chimney sweeper disease" was a cancer and its suggestion that active compounds of soot were the causative agents, and about one century after the description of urinary bladder cancer in dye workers, an enormous number of substances have been synthesized and have probably come into contact with man. Research in cancer prevention is of primary importance, and may receive continuous support from new discoveries on cancer etiology and pathogenesis. If one accepts the multistage model of chemical carcinogenesis, one has also to accept that many events occur between the contact of carcino genic compounds and their specific targets and the development of a clinically recognizable neoplasm. Thus, animal studies become essential to elucidate the different steps by which chemical carcinogens induce neoplasia. The analysis of these steps and the comparative evaluation of experimental models is essential to an understanding of pathogenesis.
This book explores the premise that a physical theory is an interpretation of the analytico–canonical formalism. Throughout the text, the investigation stresses that classical mechanics in its Lagrangian formulation is the formal backbone of theoretical physics. The authors start from a presentation of the analytico–canonical formalism for classical mechanics, and its applications in electromagnetism, Schrödinger's quantum mechanics, and field theories such as general relativity and gauge field theories, up to the Higgs mechanism. The analysis uses the main criterion used by physicists for a theory: to formulate a physical theory we write down a Lagrangian for it. A physical theory is a particular instance of the Lagrangian functional. So, there is already an unified physical theory. One only has to specify the corresponding Lagrangian (or Lagrangian density); the dynamical equations are the associated Euler–Lagrange equations. The theory of Suppes predicates as the main tool in the axiomatization and examples from the usual theories in physics. For applications, a whole plethora of results from logic that lead to interesting, and sometimes unexpected, consequences. This volume looks at where our physics happen and which mathematical universe we require for the description of our concrete physical events. It also explores if we use the constructive universe or if we need set–theoretically generic spacetimes.
Brazil has risen to extraordinary prominence as an arbitration seat, and Brazilian law in matters of domestic and international arbitration has been watched all over the world due to its arbitration-friendly legislation and cutting-edge case law. This is the first book to fully recognize and elucidate this phenomenon with a detailed article-by-article examination, in English, of decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) and the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (STJ) on each of the Brazilian Arbitration Act’s (BAA) provisions. More than two hundred judicial decisions are directly quoted. In-depth annotation of the text of each article includes the following: a short descriptive summary of how the article is interpreted by case law and doctrine; a thorough report of decisions of the Brazilian superior courts since the 1996 enactment of the BAA referring to that article, presenting not only the majority view but also dissenting opinions; and a list of authorities interpreting each article and its relevant case law. All decisions that could represent current case law on arbitration are considered. Nearly half of the quoted decisions have direct impact on international arbitration, and many deal with enforcement of arbitral awards. Therefore, the book will attract not only Brazilian practitioners but will be particularly useful to international counsel and arbitrators dealing with Brazilian parties or cases with a Brazilian element. The only book of its kind, it will prove indispensable for arbitration scholars and law libraries. “By providing a careful and comprehensive compilation of Brazilian case law on arbitration, with a particular focus on the Superior Court of Justice’s leading precedents, this volume makes a valuable contribution to the continued development of arbitration in Brazil and elsewhere. While it will no doubt be of great use to the Brazilian bar, it is a particularly useful reference for the non-Brazilian practitioner and scholar, who do not have ready access to Brazilian court decisions or, in many cases, even knowledge of the Portuguese language”. From the foreword by Donald Francis Donovan
This is the second of three volumes covering the long history of the fable from Sumer to the present day. Historical evidence reaching as far back as Antiquity, supports the study of more than 500 works considered to be fables.
How different was the practice of magic in the Latin West from that of the eastern Mediterranean basin? Was it just derivative from Greek practice, or did it have its own originality? The recent discovery of important new curse-tablets in Mainz and in the Fountain of Anna Perenna at Rome has made the question newly topical. This volume contains the first commented editions in English of most of these new texts as well as major surveys of new prayers for justice. Other sections are devoted to the discourse of magic in the West, to the linguistics and aims of cursing, and to the major field of protective and eudaemonic magic up to and including the Visigothic slates and the Celtic loricae. The essays are by well-known scholars in the field as well as by established and younger Spanish scholars.
Jesuits and the Book of Nature: Science and Education in Modern Portugal offers an account of the Jesuits’ contributions to science and education after the restoration of the Society of Jesus in Portugal in 1858. As well as promoting an education grounded on an “alliance between religion and science,” the Portuguese Jesuits founded a scientific journal that played a significant role in the consolidation of taxonomy, plant breeding, biochemistry, and molecular genetics. In this book, Francisco Malta Romeiras argues that the priority the Jesuits placed on the teaching and practice of science was not only a way of continuing a centennial tradition but should also be seen as response to the adverse anticlerical milieu in which the restoration of the Society of Jesus took place.
This book is intended as a comprehensive overview of hominid evolution, synthesising data and approaches from physical anthropology, genetics, archaeology, psychology and philosophy. Human evolution courses are now widespread and this book has the potential to satisfy the requirements of most, particularly at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. It is based on a translation, albeit with substantial modification, of a successful Spanish language book.
This is an edition of one of the crucial texts of Renaissance skepticism, Quod nihil scitur, by the Portuguese scholar Franciso Sanches. The treatise, first published in 1581, is a refutation of Aaristotelian dialectics and scientific theory in the search for a true scientific method. This volume provides a critical edition of the original text, an English translation (the first ever published), a substantial introduction, and comprehensive annotation.
Positron Emission Tomography with Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is a nuclear medicine imaging modality using positron-emitting radiotracers and a combined PET and CT scanner in order to detect and localize high radiotracer signal abnormalities. Although PET has evolved into a diagnostic modality of prime importance in oncology (with the radiotracer (F18-FDG) it was originally envisioned to image and diagnose diseases of the brain and the heart. Lack or limited experience in PET may result in an erroneous interpretation of the findings in this sensitive imaging modality. The existence of various rare cancers has resulted in scanty if not a lack of knowledge about the usefulness of PET in these interesting albeit uncommon maladies. The author, drawing from more than ten years of experience as the chairman/director of the only PET Center in the Philippines, aims to present the most interesting cases he has encountered which may be educational to those beginning their practice or even helpful to veterans of the field whose scope of practice has been limited to the most common and reimbursable indications of an FDG-PET scan.
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