The purpose of this volume is to offer a number of scholarly papers dealing with various aspects of medieval English language and literature. Voices on Medieval is organised in three main sections, according to contents: (1) medical and scientific texts and manuscripts, (2) language and linguistics, and (3) literature and culture. Bibliographic references and primary sources are given after each article, preceding the notes. We have devoted a special section to studies which portray ongoing research in the field of scientific and medical manuscripts. These essays correspond to a reflection of projects and individual work currently carried out in different European research centres and universities, such as in the Department of English of the University of Helsinki, in the Department of Modern Philology of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and in the Department of English of the University of Málaga. This special section will represent, we hope, a further contribution to the field and, also, to the forthcoming titles by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta Medical and Scientific Writing in Late Medieval English (OUP) and Corpus of Middle English Medical Texts (John Benjamins).
In the 1950s–80s, Brazil built one of the most advanced industrial networks among the "developing" countries, initially concentrated in the state of São Paulo. But from the 1980s, decentralization of industry spread to other states reducing São Paulo's relative importance in the country's industrial product. This volume draws on social, economic, and demographic data to document the accelerated industrialization of the state and its subsequent shift to a service economy amidst worsening social and economic inequality. Through its cultural institutions, universities, banking, and corporate sectors, the municipality of São Paulo would become a world metropolis. At the same time, given its rapid growth from 2 million to 12 million residents in this period, São Paulo dealt with problems of distribution, housing, and governance. This significant volume elucidates these and other trends during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, and will be an invaluable reference for scholars of history, policy, and the economy in Latin America.
This book is the latest and most comprehensive reference to the regional geography of Spain, taking into account emergent issues such as biodiversity, climate change and nationalism. It appeals to scientists as well as to students and instructors and all fields of geography, regional, environmental and cultural studies, and business related disciplines. It covers the whole range of topics from the physical to the human geography of Spain and provides detailed insights into all 17 autonomous communities. Dozens of GIS maps and hundreds of photographs and images including remote sensing imagery make this volume a must have for every geography department.
A comprehensive study of the New Christian elite of Jewish origin—prominent traders, merchants, bankers and men of letters—between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries In Strangers Within, Francisco Bethencourt provides the first comprehensive history of New Christians, the descendants of Jews forced to convert to Catholicism in late medieval Spain and Portugal. Bethencourt estimates that there were around 260,000 New Christians by 1500—more than half of Iberia’s urban population. The majority stayed in Iberia but a significant number moved throughout Europe, Africa, the Middle East, coastal Asia and the New World. They established Sephardic communities in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire, Italy, Amsterdam, Hamburg and London. Bethencourt focuses on the elite of bankers, financiers and merchants from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries and the crucial role of this group in global trade and financial services. He analyses their impact on religion (for example, Teresa de Ávila), legal and political thought (Las Casas), science (Amatus Lusitanus), philosophy (Spinoza) and literature (Enríquez Gomez). Drawing on groundbreaking research in eighteen archives and library manuscript departments in six different countries, Bethencourt argues that the liminal position in which the New Christians found themselves explains their rise, economic prowess and cultural innovation. The New Christians created the first coherent legal case against the discrimination of a minority singled out for systematic judicial inquiry. Cumulative inquisitorial prosecution, coupled with structural changes in international trade, led to their decline and disappearance as a recognizable ethnicity by the mid-eighteenth century. Strangers Within tells an epic story of persecution, resistance and the making of Iberia through the oppression of one of the most powerful minorities in world history. Packed with genealogical information about families, their intercontinental networks, their power and their suffering, it is a landmark study.
This compilation of scientific papers has as main purpose to disseminate data and information pertinent to the area of concentration being conducted by students, with the help of some professors, in order to demonstrate not only the relevance of the field of maritime studies but also the diversity and complexity of geopolitical, historical, technical-scientific and maritime law themes. Esta compilação de artigos científicos tem como objetivo principal divulgar dados e informações pertinentes à área de concentração que está sendo conduzida pelos alunos, com o auxílio de alguns professores, a fim de demonstrar não só a relevância da área de estudos marítimos, mas também a diversidade e complexidade dos temas geopolíticos, históricos, técnico-científicos e de direito marítimo.
As this book shows, a fascinating chapter of the human evolutionary history has been written in the American continent. In pre-Columbian times, America was inhabited by hunter-gatherer peoples, although, in some places, new technological innovations arose, resulting in the emergence of organized states and cities larger than some important European counterparts. The arrival of the European conquerors and settlers and African slaves dramatically changed the course of this history, however. Despite the turmoil in this post-contact period, some small and isolated communities maintaining hunter-gatherer lifestyles and speaking rare Native languages remained, indicating a scenario that had undergone few changes in thousands of years. This volume constitutes a rich source of information on several topics related to Native American history that will be of interest for professionals in several academic and scientific fields. In addition to demographic, evolutionary, and cultural perspectives, this book considers the revolutionary development of sophisticated laboratory and bioinformatic approaches, using both whole genomes and specific genetic regions to understand classical questions of the past, present, and future not only of Native Americans and their descendants, but of all of humankind.
Higher education in Latin America and the Caribbean has expanded dramatically in the past 15 years, as the average gross enrollment rate has more than doubled, and many new institutions and programs have been opened. Although higher education access has become more equitable, and higher education supply has become more varied, many of the 'new' students in the system are, on average, less academically ready than are their more advantaged counterparts. Furthermore, only half of higher education students, on average, complete their degree, and labor market returns to higher education vary greatly across institutions and programs. Thus, higher education is at a crossroads today. Given the region's urgency to raise productivity in a low-growth, fiscally constrained environment, going past this crossroads requires the formation of skilled human capital fast and efficiently. 'At a Crossroads: Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean' contributes to the discussion by studying quality, variety, and equity of higher education in Latin America and the Caribbean. The book presents comprehensive evidence on the recent higher education expansion and evolution of higher education labor market returns. Using novel data and state-of-the-art methods, it studies demand and supply drivers of the recent expansion. It investigates the behavior of institutions and students and explores the unintended consequences of large-scale higher education policies. Framing the analysis are the singular characteristics of the higher education market and the market segmentation induced by the variety of students and institutions in the system. At this crossroads, a role emerges for incentives, information, accountability, and choice.
The majority of tropical diseases manifest themselves through the skin, and while many can be diagnosed on physical examination, dermatopathologic results are often of critical importance to the diagnostic process. However, general dermatopathology texts lack images of diseases endemic in the developing world; they also lack clinical correlates linking the pathology to the clinical entity. This is a problem, because greater movement between countries where tropical diseases are prevalent and Europe, North America and other developed nations makes it essential for physicians to be able to recognize, diagnose and treat these diseases. Dermatopathology of Tropical Diseases covers the pathology and clinical correlations of the most important tropical diseases. Each entity is described using brief text that summarises its epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical features. The diagnostic process is then described and illustrated using both clinical and histopathologic images. Wherever possible, different examples are shown of the same disease, in order to illustrate as wide a variety of presentations as possible. Extensively illustrated with almost 600 photographs, Dermatopathology of Tropical Diseases is an invaluable resource for dermatopathologists, pathologists and dermatologists based in the developing world as well as those in developed countries who see tropical diseases in returned travellers and immigrant populations. Key features Includes chapters on all major tropical diseases, with both clinical and histopathological images provided for each entity, allowing the reader to correlate pathological characteristics with the clinical presentation of each disease Wherever possible, different examples of the same disease are shown, to illustrate the variety of presentations Lavishly illustrated with almost 600 colour photographs
The purpose of this volume is to offer a number of scholarly papers dealing with various aspects of medieval English language and literature. Voices on Medieval is organised in three main sections, according to contents: (1) medical and scientific texts and manuscripts, (2) language and linguistics, and (3) literature and culture. Bibliographic references and primary sources are given after each article, preceding the notes. We have devoted a special section to studies which portray ongoing research in the field of scientific and medical manuscripts. These essays correspond to a reflection of projects and individual work currently carried out in different European research centres and universities, such as in the Department of English of the University of Helsinki, in the Department of Modern Philology of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and in the Department of English of the University of Málaga. This special section will represent, we hope, a further contribution to the field and, also, to the forthcoming titles by Irma Taavitsainen and Päivi Pahta Medical and Scientific Writing in Late Medieval English (OUP) and Corpus of Middle English Medical Texts (John Benjamins).
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