This report examines concerns expressed by policymakers and experts that current Stafford Act declarations are inadequate to respond to, and recover from, highly destructive events. It presents the arguments for and against amending the act to add a catastrophic declaration amendment. This report also includes data analyses of past and potential disasters to determine what incidents might be deemed as catastrophic, and explores alternative policy options that might obviate the need for catastrophic declarations.
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. For over three decades FEMA has provided temporary housing assistance to eligible victims of natural disasters. FEMA has responded to more than a thousand disaster and emergency events over this period. The cycle of help from sheltering provided by local org. in the immediate aftermath, to the eventual repair and rebuilding or replacement of private homes and rental units, is the focus of this report. Contents: Intro.; Post-Disaster Housing; Sheltering and Housing; Congressional Issues: A National Disaster Housing Strategy: Descriptions and Directions; Recent Housing Developments; Alternative Housing Pilot Program ¿ Katrina Cottages; Individuals and Households Pilot Program; FEMA-HUD Relationship; Special Needs. Illustrations.
Contents: (1) Background; (2) Congress and the Declaration Process: Impetus, and Skepticism for Reform; (3) Pres¿l. and Gubernatorial Discretion; (4) Preliminary Damage Assessments; (5) Factors Considered for Public Assistance in Major Disaster Declarations (MDD): Estimated Cost of the Assist.; Localized Impacts; Insur. Coverage; Hazard Mitigation; Recent Multiple Disasters; Other Fed. Programs; (6) Factors Considered for Individual Assist. in MDD: Concentration of Damages; Trauma; Special Populations; Voluntary Agency Assist.; Insur. Coverage; Avg. Amount of Individual Assist. by State; Congress. Consid. for the Declaration Process; Composition of Preliminary Damage Assessment Teams; and Revising Individual Assist. Averages.
Contents: (1) Historical Cost-Share Thresholds: Authorities and Regulations; FEMA Cost-Share Rule; (2) Timing and Frequency of Cost-Share Adjustments; (3) Cost-Share Waivers By Program Area: Cost-Share Waivers for Public Assistance, and Hazard Mitigation; (4) Specific Cost-Shares: Mt. St. Helens; Hurricanes Hugo and Andrew; Floods of 1993; Red River Floods of 1997; (5) Hurricanes Katrina, Wilma, Dennis, and Rita; (6) Other Hurricane Katrina Cost-Shares: Section 403 Housing/Sheltering; (7) Hurricanes Gustav and Ike and Other Disasters, 2009; (8) World Trade Center -- 9/11 Cost-Share Waivers; Columbia Shuttle Response; (9) Corollary Issues -- The Politics of Disasters and the Degree of Congressional Involvement; (10) Conclusion. Illus.
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM), as federal law and a program activity, began in 1997. Congress established a pilot program, which FEMA named ¿Project Impact,¿ to test the concept of investing prior to disasters to reduce the vulnerability of communities to future disasters. Contents of this report: (1) Overview of Pre-Disaster Mitigation: Program Purposes; (2) PDM Legislative and Appropriations History; (3) Mitigation Funding and Studies: Post-Katrina Funding; (4) Issues for Congressional Consideration: The Pace and Breadth of PDM Funding Distribution; Terrorism and Pre-Disaster Mitigation; Methods of Awarding PDM Funds; Allocations vs. Competition. Charts and tables.
The Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act presents several options, and could provide a number of programs, to address the Gulf Coast oil spill. An emergency declaration under the Stafford Act would appear a potential approach to the current situation since it is intended to lessen the impact of an imminent disaster. Contents of this report: (1) The Stafford Act Declaration Process; (2) FEMA¿s Role in the Exxon Valdez Incident; (3) Possible FEMA Involvement in the Gulf Coast Oil Spill Response; (4) Fed. Coordination, Mitigation, and Long-Term Recovery; (5) Arguments Regarding a Stafford Act Declaration for the Response; (6) Uncertain Prospects for Recovery of Disaster Relief Fund Expenditures; (7) Fed. Options.
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