The story is presented through the eye of an immigrant returning home for a fortnight to a little coastal Italian town from the Americas, with the intent of taking a break from customary life and reorganising his thoughts around lifelong problems with his wife. There old memories emerge and blend with the current life of the town. During his stay, the visitor learns from a group of wise old men that a friend of his youth has died of Aids after conducting a dissipated life. The old men also represent the heart of the little village with their provincial wisdom.
During the last few years several immunotherapies have been shown to induce clinical response and/or improve the clinical outcome in a significant number of cancer patients. However, the lack of a human-centered translational approach has led to the accumulation of a multitude of disjointed clinical and basic researches with a consequent disharmonic growth of the scientific knowledge. The huge number of non-evidence-based conjectural hypotheses has competitively interacted with the few evidence-based hypotheses generated by studies conducted in humans leading to the accumulation of several clinical breakdowns and few “mysterious” successes. In the last decade, the availability of high-throughput gene expression profiling has led to the development of novel discovery-driven approaches capable of investigating the tumor/host integration in its globality. Here, we describe in detail gene expression profiling studies that have led to the formulation of a new generation of evidence-based hypotheses explaining the structural basis of the immune-mediated tumor rejection following immunotherapy.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is regarded as an immune suppressant cytokine. This reputation is due to the experimental observation that IL-10 decreases the function of antigen presenting cells and T helper 1 type immune responses. Surprisingly, however, IL-10 has potent anti-cancer effects since most experimental models demonstrate immune-mediated anti-t
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