The experimental approach in economics is a driving force behind some of the most exciting developments in the field. The 'experimental revolution' was based on a series of bold philosophical premises which have remained until now mostly unexplored. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis and critical discussion of the methodology of experimental economics, written by a philosopher of science with expertise in the field. It outlines the fundamental principles of experimental inference in order to investigate their power, scope and limitations. The author demonstrates that experimental economists have a lot to gain by discussing openly the philosophical principles that guide their work, and that philosophers of science have a lot to learn from their ingenious techniques devised by experimenters in order to tackle difficult scientific problems.
A groundbreaking new synthesis and theory of social institutions Understanding Institutions proposes a new unified theory of social institutions that combines the best insights of philosophers and social scientists who have written on this topic. Francesco Guala presents a theory that combines the features of three influential views of institutions: as equilibria of strategic games, as regulative rules, and as constitutive rules. Guala explains key institutions like money, private property, and marriage, and develops a much-needed unification of equilibrium- and rules-based approaches. Although he uses game theory concepts, the theory is presented in a simple, clear style that is accessible to a wide audience of scholars working in different fields. Outlining and discussing various implications of the unified theory, Guala addresses venerable issues such as reflexivity, realism, Verstehen, and fallibilism in the social sciences. He also critically analyses the theory of "looping effects" and "interactive kinds" defended by Ian Hacking, and asks whether it is possible to draw a demarcation between social and natural science using the criteria of causal and ontological dependence. Focusing on current debates about the definition of marriage, Guala shows how these abstract philosophical issues have important practical and political consequences. Moving beyond specific cases to general models and principles, Understanding Institutions offers new perspectives on what institutions are, how they work, and what they can do for us.
The experimental approach in economics is a driving force behind some of the most exciting developments in the field. The 'experimental revolution' was based on a series of bold philosophical premises which have remained until now mostly unexplored. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis and critical discussion of the methodology of experimental economics, written by a philosopher of science with expertise in the field. It outlines the fundamental principles of experimental inference in order to investigate their power, scope and limitations. The author demonstrates that experimental economists have a lot to gain by discussing openly the philosophical principles that guide their work, and that philosophers of science have a lot to learn from their ingenious techniques devised by experimenters in order to tackle difficult scientific problems.
A groundbreaking new synthesis and theory of social institutions Understanding Institutions proposes a new unified theory of social institutions that combines the best insights of philosophers and social scientists who have written on this topic. Francesco Guala presents a theory that combines the features of three influential views of institutions: as equilibria of strategic games, as regulative rules, and as constitutive rules. Guala explains key institutions like money, private property, and marriage, and develops a much-needed unification of equilibrium- and rules-based approaches. Although he uses game theory concepts, the theory is presented in a simple, clear style that is accessible to a wide audience of scholars working in different fields. Outlining and discussing various implications of the unified theory, Guala addresses venerable issues such as reflexivity, realism, Verstehen, and fallibilism in the social sciences. He also critically analyses the theory of "looping effects" and "interactive kinds" defended by Ian Hacking, and asks whether it is possible to draw a demarcation between social and natural science using the criteria of causal and ontological dependence. Focusing on current debates about the definition of marriage, Guala shows how these abstract philosophical issues have important practical and political consequences. Moving beyond specific cases to general models and principles, Understanding Institutions offers new perspectives on what institutions are, how they work, and what they can do for us.
Exploring the intersections between migration and tourism in the Mediterranean, this book is the result of extensive ethnographic research carried out over a decade in the Mediterranean regions. It focuses on three interrelated themes: the experiences of homecoming migrants who visit their country of origin for holidays; the inequalities surrounding the encounters between local people, tourists and migrants in borderlands; and how migration and tourism affect cultural heritage in European cities. The book shows how interconnected mobilities play a crucial role in boosting the global dynamics of cultural, social, economic and political transformation in the Mediterranean.
The humility, loyalty, goodness, joy of life, tolerance, some are moral wealth of Pope Francis. Indeed without the importance of these values would not exist this our friend, the same friend that changed decisively and sincere habits of our dull existence. You can define a genuine Pope saying real things: words of truth and humility are his strength. Despite its simplicity, he decides about everything that could go on in the church and surroundings. For these and other reasons the essential December 8, 2015 began a year of mercy, which will conclude at the end of 2016: an unprecedented jubilee in which Francis puts his will, his strength, his tenacity and a lot of planning. A Jubilee that takes place not only in the basilicas of Rome, but also in every diocese in the world and in all places of pain. L'umiltà, la lealtà, la bontà, la gioia di vivere, la tolleranza, risultano alcune ricchezze morali di Papa Francesco. Effettivamente senza l'importanza di questi valori non esisterebbe questo nostro amico, lo stesso amico che ha cambiato in maniera decisa e sincera le abitudini della nostra noiosa esistenza. Si può definire un Papa autentico che dice cose reali: parole di verità e di umiltà sono la sua forza. Pur nella sua semplicità, decide su tutto ciò che potrebbe andare avanti nella chiesa e dintorni. Per questi ed altri essenziali motivi l'8 dicembre 2015 ha avuto inizio un anno di misericordia che si concluderà a fine 2016: un giubileo senza precedenti in cui Francesco ci mette la sua volontà, la sua forza, la sua tenacia e molta progettualità. Un Giubileo che si svolge non soltanto nelle basiliche di Roma, ma anche in tutte le diocesi del mondo e in tutti i luoghi del dolore.
Around the World in 80 Days with Pope Francis you could be summed up in a series of apostolic journeys and pastoral visits that he has addressed with great passion and devotion during the two and a half years of his pontificate. These paths are called Apostolic because the Pope is the successor of the Apostle Peter and are considered travel courtesy diplomatic heads of state or local representatives of the host State. The Pope seeks to spread joy and love messages traveling between different locations around the world and meeting all the human race. With this manual you want to review again the apostolic journeys of our dear Pope during his 21⁄2 years of pontificate: from Rio De Janeiro to the Holy Land, from the island of Lampedusa in Assisi, from South Korea to the Philippines, from Naples in Turin, from Sarajevo to South America, from Cuba to the United States. Basically we try to celebrate his world tour in 80 days, trying to spread the messages of peace, love and freedom among the fundamental stages of the human being. Il giro del mondo in 80 giorni con Papa Francesco si potrebbe riassumere in una serie di viaggi apostolici e di visite pastorali che lui stesso ha affrontato con grande passione e tanta devozione nel corso dei due anni e mezzo del suo pontificato. Questi percorsi vengono chiamati Apostolici in quanto il Papa è il successore dell'apostolo Pietro e sono da considerarsi viaggi di cortesia diplomatici tra capi di Stato o rappresentanze locali dello Stato ospitante. Il Papa cerca di diffondere gioia e messaggi d'amore, viaggiando tra le diverse località del mondo e incontrando ogni razza umana. Con questo manuale si vogliono ripercorrere i vari viaggi apostolici del nostro caro Papa nel corso dei suoi 2 anni e mezzo di Pontificato: da Rio De Janeiro alla Terra Santa, dall'Isola di Lampedusa ad Assisi, dalla Corea del Sud alle Filippine, da Napoli a Torino, da Sarajevo al Sud America, da Cuba agli Stati Uniti. In sostanza si cerca di celebrare il suo giro del mondo in 80 giorni, cercando di diffondere i suoi messaggi di pace, amore e libertà tra le tappe fondamentali dell'essere umano.
Ave, Maria, piena di grazia": così comincia la preghiera che ci viene insegnata fin da bambini e che, soprattutto nelle difficoltà, riaffiora sulle labbra e nei cuori. "Dio saluta una donna, la saluta con una verità grande: 'Io ti ho fatto piena del mio amore, piena di me, e così come sarai piena di me sarai piena del mio Figlio e poi di tutti i figli della Chiesa'. Ma la grazia non finisce lì: la bellezza della Madonna è una bellezza che dà frutto, una bellezza madre." In questo nuovo libro, Papa Francesco affronta il mistero di Maria percorrendo verso per verso l'Ave Maria in un dialogo vivo e fertile con don Marco Pozza, teologo e cappellano del carcere di Padova. La Madonna "è la normalità, è una donna che qualsiasi donna di questo mondo può dire di poter imitare": "lavorava, faceva la spesa, aiutava il Figlio, aiutava il marito". Eppure, questa creatura "normale" diventa lo strumento di una nuova creazione, di un nuovo patto: "all'inizio la ri-creazione è il dialogo tra Dio e una donna sola". Ed è sulla donna e il suo ruolo che s'impernia la riflessione del Papa: "La Chiesa è donna, la Chiesa non è maschio, non è 'il' Chiesa. Noi chierici siamo maschi, ma noi non siamo la Chiesa". Nella seconda parte del volume, l'Ave Maria entra in carcere, segno e mezzo di conversione e consolazione.
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