Forum on Health and Nutrition's Books

Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

In September 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine trends and patterns in aging and factors related to healthy aging in the United States, with a focus on nutrition, and how nutrition can sustain and promote healthy aging, not just in late adulthood, but beginning in pregnancy and early childhood and extending throughout the lifespan. Participants discussed the role of nutrition in the aging process at various stages in life, changes in organ systems over the lifespan and changes that occur with age related to cognitive, brain, and mental health, and explored opportunities to move forward in promoting healthy aging in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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169

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309457483

ISBN 13

9780309457484

Bridging the gap between nutrition and agriculture in Telangana State, India

An assessment of capacity within agricultural extension and advisory services

By: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,The Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services

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Bridging the gap between nutrition and agriculture in Telangana State, India

An assessment of capacity within agricultural extension and advisory services

By: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,The Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services

Equipping agricultural extension and advisory services with nutrition knowledge, competencies and skills is essential to promote nutrition-sensitive agriculture. This report presents the results of an assessment of capacity within agricultural extension and advisory services, undertaken in Telangana State, India, with the global capacity needs assessment (GCNA) methodology developed by FAO and GFRAS. The methodology is available online at https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2069en

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Food & Agriculture Org.

Published Date

ISBN 10

9251357978

ISBN 13

9789251357972

Providing Healthy and Safe Foods As We Age

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Providing Healthy and Safe Foods As We Age

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

Does a longer life mean a healthier life? The number of adults over 65 in the United States is growing, but many may not be aware that they are at greater risk from foodborne diseases and their nutritional needs change as they age. The IOM's Food Forum held a workshop October 29-30, 2009, to discuss food safety and nutrition concerns for older adults.

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192

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309158834

ISBN 13

9780309158831

Nutritional Risk Assessment

Perspectives, Methods, and Data Challenges: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Nutritional Risk Assessment

Perspectives, Methods, and Data Challenges: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

For more than two decades, the practice of risk assessment has been applied to human public health issues, and policy makers have used the results of risk assessments in their decision-making process. Approaches for risk assessment have been developed for nonnutrients such as drugs, food additives, and pesticides, but approaches for risk assessment have received less attention in the nutrition area. Some aspects of the risk assessment approach used for nonnutrients are applicable to the assessment of risks related to nutrition. The overall approach, however, must be adapted and modified to take into account the unique aspects of nutrients, including the fact that both high and low nutrient intakes are associated with risk. Experience with the application of a risk assessment process to the setting of upper levels of intake for essential nutrients, for example, has uncovered a number of challenges. Adapting and developing risk assessment strategies for application in nutrition science could lead to improved approaches to the development of dietary and nutritional recommendations and thus is a topic of considerable interest. One nonscientific but overall challenge to nutritional risk assessment relates to increasing and improving communication among experts from key disciplines in ways that could inform the nutritional risk assessment process. Among these key disciplines are nutrition, toxicology, dietary exposure assessment, economics, risk analysis, and epidemiology. How can the perspectives and methods of these diverse fields be brought together to develop more effective approaches for quantitative nutritional risk assessment? How can they be applied to a spectrum of topics related to food and nutrition-micronutrients, macronutrients, dietary supplements, whole foods, food groups, and dietary patterns? How can they help overcome the data challenges that confront nutritional risk assessors? As a step toward improving the communication and sharing methods and information across disciplines, members of the Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium, the U.S. Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum, and the International Life Sciences Institute planned the Nutritional Risk Assessment Workshop. The workshop was held on February 28 and March 1, 2007, in Washington, D.C. This workshop, which was envisioned as one in a series, focused on opening a dialogue to explore the unique questions and challenges faced by nutritionists and the potential use of risk assessment methodologies to answer them. Nutritional Risk Assessment : Perspectives, Methods, and Data Challenges, Workshop Summary summarizes the happenings of this workshop.

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146

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309108713

ISBN 13

9780309108713

Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

On August 1 and 2, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, on sustainable diets, food, and nutrition. Workshop participants reviewed current and emerging knowledge on the concept of sustainable diets within the field of food and nutrition; explored sustainable diets and relevant impacts for cross-sector partnerships, policy, and research; and discussed how sustainable diets influence dietary patterns, the food system, and population and public health. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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179

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309479584

ISBN 13

9780309479585

Bridging the gap between nutrition and agriculture in Malawi

An assessment of capacity within agricultural extension and advisory services

By: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services

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Bridging the gap between nutrition and agriculture in Malawi

An assessment of capacity within agricultural extension and advisory services

By: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Global Forum for Rural Advisory Services

Equipping agricultural extension and advisory services with nutrition knowledge, competencies and skills is essential to promote nutrition-sensitive agriculture. This report presents the results of an assessment of capacity within agricultural extension and advisory services, undertaken in Malawi with the global capacity needs assessment (GCNA) methodology developed by FAO and GFRAS. The methodology is available online at https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2069en

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Food & Agriculture Org.

Published Date

ISBN 10

9251357986

ISBN 13

9789251357989

Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

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Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.

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418

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309259339

ISBN 13

9780309259330

Health-Focused Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships in the Urban Context

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

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Health-Focused Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships in the Urban Context

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

To draw attention to health determinants and health inequities among populations that live in urban environments and to explore challenges faced in establishing urban population health, the Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety hosted a 1.5-day workshop on the role of health-focused public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the urban context. The workshop, held June 13-14, 2019, in Washington, DC, aimed to illuminate some of the intervention strategies that have been designed to attenuate these urban health issues and highlighted the importance of PPPs and urban-level governance in remediation efforts. By facilitating discussion among participants in both the public and private sectors, as well as among policy makers, the workshop served as a platform to share best practices on how to address health challenges through interventions that target healthier urban populations. This publication highlights the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

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131

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309677076

ISBN 13

9780309677073

Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

A Synthesis of Nine Global Workshops Exploring Evidence-Based, Strategic Investments in Young Children

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on Global Health,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

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Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

A Synthesis of Nine Global Workshops Exploring Evidence-Based, Strategic Investments in Young Children

Focusing on young children in a global context is an approach to end the cycle of poverty and improve the well-being of nations. Improving well-being necessarily begins with core elements such as health, education, nutrition, and social protection; many efforts to improve child development in the first decade of life focus on areas to meet young children's basic needs. Young children living in low-resourced settings are vulnerable to developmental and educational risk factors, such as stunting and undernutrition, disease, caregiver depression, lack of access to quality preprimary and primary education, disabilities, poverty, and societal and familial violence. While each of these areas is important for children's growth and development, there are potential increased benefits from integrated programs and coordinated policies that address more than one of these areas simultaneously, particularly for children living in low-resourced communities. An integrated and coordinated "all system" approach may be the best way to guarantee that children will have the prerequisites for healthy development. The Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally was established with the goal of integrating knowledge with action in regions around the world to inform evidence-based, strategic investments in young children, birth through age 8. The forum held nine workshops across five continents over 3 years. The goal was to learn from experiences in multiple regions and engage in culturally embedded dialogue. This publication summarizes the key themes from the presentations and discussions of the workshops.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309459265

ISBN 13

9780309459266

Food Literacy

How Do Communications and Marketing Impact Consumer Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior? Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Food Literacy

How Do Communications and Marketing Impact Consumer Knowledge, Skills, and Behavior? Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

In September 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board convened a workshop in Washington, DC, to discuss how communications and marketing impact consumer knowledge, skills, and behavior around food, nutrition, and healthy eating. The workshop was divided into three sessions, each with specific goals that were developed by the planning committee: Session 1 described the current state of the science concerning the role of consumer education, health communications and marketing, commercial brand marketing, health literacy, and other forms of communication in affecting consumer knowledge, skills, and behavior with respect to food safety, nutrition, and other health matters. Session 2 explored how scientific information is communicated, including the credibility of the source and of the communicator, the clarity and usability of the information, misconceptions/misinformation, and the impact of scientific communication on policy makers and the role of policy as a macro-level channel of communication. Session 3 explored the current state of the science concerning how food literacy can be strengthened through communication tools and strategies. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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161

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309391318

ISBN 13

9780309391313

Using Existing Platforms to Integrate and Coordinate Investments for Children

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion; and Wu Yee Sun College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Institute of Medicine,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Board on Global Health,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

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Using Existing Platforms to Integrate and Coordinate Investments for Children

The integration and coordination of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other services have the potential to improve the lives of children and their caregivers around the world. However, integration and coordination of policies and programs affecting early childhood development can create both risks and benefits. In different localities, these services are more or less effective in achieving their objectives. They also are more or less coordinated in delivering services to the same recipients, and in some cases services are delivered by integrated multisectoral organizations. The result is a rich arena for policy analysis and change and a complex challenge for public- and private-sector organizations that are seeking to improve the lives of children. To examine the science and policy issues involved in coordinating investments in children and their caregivers, the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally held a workshop in Hong Kong on March 14-15, 2015. Held in partnership with the Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion and Wu Yee Sun College of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the workshop brought together researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, and other experts from 22 countries. This report highlights the presentations and discussions of the event.

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159

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309378001

ISBN 13

9780309378000

Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries

Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

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Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries

Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

Universal health coverage (UHC) has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a key element in reducing social inequality and a critical component of sustainable development and poverty reduction. In most of the world UHC is sought through a combination of public and private-sector health care systems. In most low- and middle-income countries health systems are evolving to increasingly rely on the private sector because the public sector lacks the infrastructure and staff to meet all health care needs. With growing individual assets available for private-sector expenditure, patients often seek better access to technology, staff, and medicines. However, in low-income countries nearly 50 percent of health care financing is out-of-pocket. With the expected increase in the overall fraction of care provided through the private sector, these expenditures can be financially catastrophic for individuals in the informal workforce. In the global workforce of approximately 3 billion people, only 10 to 15 percent are estimated to have some type of access to occupational health services. The informal workforce is growing worldwide, and the degree to which its occupational health needs are satisfied depends on the capabilities of the general health care system. In July 2014, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop on approaches to universal health coverage and occupational health and safety for informal sector workers in developing countries. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries identifies best practices and lessons learned for the informal workforce in developing countries in the financing of health care with respect to health care delivery models that are especially suitable to meeting a population's needs for a variety of occupational health issues, including the prevention of or mitigation of hazardous risks and the costs of providing medical and rehabilitation services and other benefits to various types of workers within this population. These experiences and lessons learned may be useful for stakeholders in moving the discussions, policies, and mechanisms forward to increase equitable access to quality health services without financial hardship for the informal workforce.

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141

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030937409X

ISBN 13

9780309374095

Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education

Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

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Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education

Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

In April 2015, the Institute of Medicine convened a public workshop to explore recent shifts in the health and health care industry and their implications for health professional education (HPE) and workforce learning. This study serves as a follow-up to the 2009 Lancet Commission report on health professions education for the 21st century and seeks to expand the report's messages beyond medicine, nursing, and public health. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education discusses opportunities for new platforms of communication and learning, continuous education of the health workforce, opportunities for team-based care and other types of collaborations, and social accountability of the health professions. This study explores the implications that shifts in health, policy, and the health care industry could have on HPE and workforce learning, identifies learning platforms that could facilitate effective knowledge transfer with improved quality and efficiency, and discusses opportunities for building a global health workforce that understands the role of culture and health literacy in perceptions and approaches to health and disease.

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175

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030937782X

ISBN 13

9780309377829

The Cost of Inaction for Young Children Globally

Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

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The Cost of Inaction for Young Children Globally

Workshop Summary

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

The Cost of Inaction for Young Children Globally is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally in April 2014 to focus on investments in young children and the cost of inaction. Participants explored existing, new, and innovative science and research from around the world to translate this evidence into sound and strategic investments in policies and practices that will make a difference in the lives of children and their caregivers. This report discusses intersections across health, education, nutrition, living conditions, and social protection and how investments of economic, natural, social, and other resources can sustain or promote early childhood development and well-being.

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148

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309307783

ISBN 13

9780309307789

Innovations in the Food System

Exploring the Future of Food: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Innovations in the Food System

Exploring the Future of Food: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

On August 7â€"8, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC, to review the status of current and emerging knowledge about innovations for modern food systems and strategies for meeting future needs. The workshop addressed different perspectives on the topic of food systems and would build on a workshop on the topic of sustainable diets hosted by the Food Forum in August 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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135

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309495571

ISBN 13

9780309495578

Value Proposition and Innovative Models for Multi-Sectoral Engagement in Global Health

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

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Value Proposition and Innovative Models for Multi-Sectoral Engagement in Global Health

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

To explore value proposition for different sectors that engage in global health - including industry, government, philanthropy, and civil society - and innovative models for multi-sectoral collaboration, the Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day workshop on November 15 and 16, 2018. With a specific focus on industry engagement, the workshop examined how stakeholders within industry define and measure value relative to global health as well as how and why other sectors in the global health community engage with industry. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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125

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309494869

ISBN 13

9780309494861

The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Health Systems Strengthening

Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

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The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Health Systems Strengthening

Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

Over the past several decades, the public and private sectors made significant investments in global health, leading to meaningful changes for many of the world's poor. These investments and the resulting progress are often concentrated in vertical health programs, such as child and maternal health, malaria, and HIV, where donors may have a strategic interest. Frequently, partnerships between donors and other stakeholders can coalesce on a specific topical area of expertise and interest. However, to sustain these successes and continue progress, there is a growing recognition of the need to strengthen health systems more broadly and build functional administrative and technical infrastructure that can support health services for all, improve the health of populations, increase the purchasing and earning power of consumers and workers, and advance global security. In June 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on the role of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in health systems strengthening. Participants examined a range of incentives, innovations, and opportunities for relevant sectors and stakeholders in strengthening health systems through partnerships; to explore lessons learned from pervious and ongoing efforts with the goal of illuminating how to improve performance and outcomes going forward; and to discuss measuring the value and outcomes of investments and documenting success in partnerships focused on health systems strengthening. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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127

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309381428

ISBN 13

9780309381420

Nanotechnology in Food Products

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Nanotechnology in Food Products

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

In the food industry, scientists are exploring the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the flavor and other sensory characteristics of foods, introduce antibacterial nanostructures into food packaging and encapsulate and deliver nutrients directly into targeted tissues, among other applications. However, as with any new technology, along with the benefits, there is the potential for unanticipated adverse effects. There is still a great deal to learn about any health outcomes related to introducing nanosized materials into foods and food packaging materials. Developing nanotechnology into a safe, effective tool for use in food science and technology will require addressing these and other questions. Assuring consumer confidence will be equally important to the success of this new emerging technology. The Institute of Medicine held a one-day workshop, summarized in this volume, to further explore the use of nanotechnology in food. Specifically, the workshop was organized around three primary topic areas: (1) the application of nanotechnology to food products; (2) the safety and efficacy of nanomaterials in food products; and (3) educating and informing consumers about the applications of nanotechnology to food products.

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146

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309137721

ISBN 13

9780309137720

Countering Violent Extremism Through Public Health Practice

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Disasters and Emergencies

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Countering Violent Extremism Through Public Health Practice

Proceedings of a Workshop

Countering violent extremism consists of various prevention and intervention approaches to increase the resilience of communities and individuals to radicalization toward violent extremism, to provide nonviolent avenues for expressing grievances, and to educate communities about the threat of recruitment and radicalization to violence. To explore the application of health approaches in community-level strategies to countering violent extremism and radicalization, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a public workshop in September 2016. Participants explored the evolving threat of violent extremism and radicalization within communities across America, traditional versus health-centered approaches to countering violent extremism and radicalization, and opportunities for cross-sector and interdisciplinary collaboration and learning among domestic and international stakeholders and organizations. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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147

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309453682

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9780309453684

Global Health Risk Framework

Governance for Global Health: Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

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Global Health Risk Framework

Governance for Global Health: Workshop Summary

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Governance for Global Health Workshop are summarized in this report.

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201

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309381045

ISBN 13

9780309381048

Global Health Transitions and Sustainable Solutions

The Role of Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

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Global Health Transitions and Sustainable Solutions

The Role of Partnerships: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

On June 13â€"14, 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a multistakeholder workshop to examine the transitions affecting global health and innovative global health solutions. The goal of bringing these two topics together was to collectively explore models for innovative partnerships and private-sector engagement with the potential to support countries in transition. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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127

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309485207

ISBN 13

9780309485203

Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise

Lessons from Lower-Income Countries: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety,Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

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Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise

Lessons from Lower-Income Countries: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety,Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education

In September 2014, the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education and the Forum on Public-Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety of the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop on empowering women and strengthening health systems and services through investing in nursing and midwifery enterprise. Experts in women's empowerment, development, health systems' capacity building, social enterprise and finance, and nursing and midwifery explored the intersections between and among these domains. Innovative and promising models for more sustainable health care delivery that embed women's empowerment in their missions were examined. Participants also discussed uptake and scale; adaptation, translation, and replication; financing; and collaboration and partnership. Empowering Women and Strengthening Health Systems and Services Through Investing in Nursing and Midwifery Enterprise summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop. This report highlights examples and explores broad frameworks for existing and potential intersections of different sectors that could lead to better health and well-being of women around the world, and how lessons learned from these examples might be applied in the United States.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309316758

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9780309316750

Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals

Proceedings of a Workshop Series

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

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Engaging the Private Sector and Developing Partnerships to Advance Health and the Sustainable Development Goals

Proceedings of a Workshop Series

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Publicâ¬"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted at the United Nations Development Summit to serve as a 15-year plan of action for all countries and people. The SDGs include 17 specific goals, and 169 associated targets that set out quantitative objectives across the social, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development, all to be achieved by 2030. Health has been recognized as crucial for sustainable human development and an essential contributor to the economic growth of society. Beyond the goal to "ensure healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages," many of the other SDGs include targets that are essential to address the environmental and social determinants of health. Considering this context, the Forum on Publicâ€"Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety convened a workshop series to examine potential opportunities to engage the private sector and develop partnerships to advance health and the SDGs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop series.

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189

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309458048

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9780309458047

Urbanization and Slums

Infectious Diseases in the Built Environment: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

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Urbanization and Slums

Infectious Diseases in the Built Environment: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

The urban built environment is a prime setting for microbial transmission, because just as cities serve as hubs for migration and international travel, components of the urban built environment serve as hubs that drive the transmission of infectious disease pathogens. The risk of infectious diseases for many people living in slums is further compounded by their poverty and their surrounding physical and social environment, which is often overcrowded, is prone to physical hazards, and lacks adequate or secure housing and basic infrastructure, including water, sanitation, or hygiene services. To examine the role of the urban built environment in the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases that affect human health, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned a public workshop. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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National Academies Press

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0309474426

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9780309474429

The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

The Food Forum convened a public workshop on February 22-23, 2012, to explore current and emerging knowledge of the human microbiome, its role in human health, its interaction with the diet, and the translation of new research findings into tools and products that improve the nutritional quality of the food supply. The Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health: Workshop Summary summarizes the presentations and discussions that took place during the workshop. Over the two day workshop, several themes covered included: The microbiome is integral to human physiology, health, and disease. The microbiome is arguably the most intimate connection that humans have with their external environment, mostly through diet. Given the emerging nature of research on the microbiome, some important methodology issues might still have to be resolved with respect to undersampling and a lack of causal and mechanistic studies. Dietary interventions intended to have an impact on host biology via their impact on the microbiome are being developed, and the market for these products is seeing tremendous success. However, the current regulatory framework poses challenges to industry interest and investment.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309265851

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9780309265850

Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

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Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Food and Nutrition Board,Food Forum

On July 9-10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore emerging and rapidly developing research on relationships among the brain, the digestive system, and eating behavior. Drawing on expertise from the fields of nutrition and food science, animal and human physiology and behavior, and psychology and psychiatry as well as related fields, the purpose of the workshop was to (1) review current knowledge on the relationship between the brain and eating behavior, explore the interaction between the brain and the digestive system, and consider what is known about the brain's role in eating patterns and consumer choice; (2) evaluate current methods used to determine the impact of food on brain activity and eating behavior; and (3) identify gaps in knowledge and articulate a theoretical framework for future research. Relationships among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

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198

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309366860

ISBN 13

9780309366861

Scaling Program Investments for Young Children Globally

Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, the National Research Council, and Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal, São Paulo

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

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Scaling Program Investments for Young Children Globally

Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, the National Research Council, and Fundação Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal, São Paulo

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

This report summarizes a joint workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council with Fundacao Maria Cecilia Souto Vidigal in November 2014 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The workshop presentations and discussions highlighted efforts made to scale program investments across health, education, nutrition, and social protection that aim to improve children's developmental potential. Speakers explored four topics around scaling up program investments: impact, scalability, sustainability, and governance. Participants shared their experiences scaling up programs and implementing early childhood services into a comprehensive national policy. Scaling Program Investments for Young Children Globally synthesizes up-to-date evidence on effective programs and interventions in Latin America and other regions, including an account of their strengths and challenges. This report highlights the presentations and discussions of the event.

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118

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309374154

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9780309374156

The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors

Implications for Human Health and Strategies for Containment: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections

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The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors

Implications for Human Health and Strategies for Containment: Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Emerging Infections

The resistance topic is timely given current events. The emergence of mysterious new diseases, such as SARS, and the looming threat of bioterrorist attacks remind us of how vulnerable we can be to infectious agents. With advances in medical technologies, we have tamed many former microbial foes, yet with few new antimicrobial agents and vaccines in the pipeline, and rapidly increasing drug resistance among infectious microbes, we teeter on the brink of loosing the upperhand in our ongoing struggle against these foes, old and new. The Resistance Phenomenon in Microbes and Infectious Disease Vectors examines our understanding of the relationships among microbes, disease vectors, and human hosts, and explores possible new strategies for meeting the challenge of resistance.

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334

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309088542

ISBN 13

9780309088541

Cancer Care in Low-Resource Areas

Cancer Treatment, Palliative Care, and Survivorship Care: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,National Cancer Policy Forum

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Cancer Care in Low-Resource Areas

Cancer Treatment, Palliative Care, and Survivorship Care: Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Care Services,National Cancer Policy Forum

Though cancer was once considered to be a problem primarily in wealthy nations, low- and middle-income countries now bear a majority share of the global cancer burden, and cancer often surpasses the burden of infectious diseases in these countries. Effective low-cost cancer control options are available for some malignancies, with the World Health Organization estimating that these interventions could facilitate the prevention of approximately one-third of cancer deaths worldwide. Effective cancer treatment approaches are also available and can reduce the morbidity and mortality due to cancer in low-resource areas. But these interventions remain inaccessible for many people in the world, especially those residing in low-resource communities that are characterized by a lack of fundsâ€"on an individual or a societal basisâ€"to cover health infrastructure and care costs. As a result, worse outcomes for patients with cancer are more common in low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries. Few guidelines and strategies for cancer control consider the appropriateness and feasibility of interventions in low-resource settings, and this may undermine the effectiveness of care. Recognizing the challenges of providing cancer care in resource constrained settings, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine developed a two- workshop series examining cancer care in low-resource communities, building on prior work of the National Academies. The first workshop, held in October 2015, focused on cancer prevention and early detection. The second workshop was held in November 2016, and focused on cancer treatment, palliative care, and survivorship care in low-resource areas. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions of this workshop.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309458021

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9780309458023

Financing Investments in Young Children Globally

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, and The Centre for Early Childhood Education and Development, Ambedkar University, Delhi

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

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Financing Investments in Young Children Globally

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, and The Centre for Early Childhood Education and Development, Ambedkar University, Delhi

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally

In January 2014, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, in collaboration with the IOM Board on Global Health, launched the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally. At this meeting, the participants agreed to focus on creating and sustaining, over 3 years, an evidence-driven community of stakeholders that aims to explore existing, new, and innovative science and research from around the world and translate this evidence into sound and strategic investments in policies and practices that will make a difference in the lives of children and their caregivers. Financing Investments in Young Children Globally is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally in August 2014. This workshop, on financing investments for young children, brought together stakeholders from such disciplines as social protection, nutrition, education, health, finance, economics, and law and included practitioners, advocates, researchers, and policy makers. Presentations and discussions identified some of the current issues in financing investments across health, education, nutrition, and social protection that aim to improve children's developmental potential. This report explores issues across three broad domains of financing: (1) costs of programs for young children; (2) sources of funding, including public and private investments; and (3) allocation of these investments, including cash transfers, microcredit programs, block grants, and government restructuring.

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142

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309316138

ISBN 13

9780309316132

Developing and Strengthening the Global Supply Chain for Second-Line Drugs for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation

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Developing and Strengthening the Global Supply Chain for Second-Line Drugs for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation

To effectively treat patients diagnosed with drug-resistant (DR) tuberculosis (TB) and protect the population from further transmission of this infectious disease, an uninterrupted supply of quality-assured (QA), second-line anti-TB drugs (SLDs) is necessary. Patients diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB)-a disease caused by strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) resistant to two primary TB drugs (isoniazid and rifampicin)-face lengthy treatment regimens of 2 years or more with daily, directly observed treatment (DOT) with SLDs that are less potent, more toxic, and more expensive than those used to treat drug-susceptible TB. From 2000 to 2009, only 0.2-0.5 percent of the estimated 5 million MDR TB cases globally were treated with drugs of known quality and in programs capable of delivering appropriate care (Keshavjee, 2012). The vast majority of MDR TB patients either died from lack of treatment or contributed to the spread of MDR TB in their communities. A strengthened global supply chain for SLDs could save lives by consistently delivering high quality medicines to more of the people who need them. This public workshop explored innovative solutions to the problem of how to get the right SLDs for MDR TB to people who critically need them. More specifically, the workshop examined current problems and potential opportunities for coordinated international efforts to ensure that a reliable and affordable supply of high-quality SLDs is available. Developing and Strengthening the Global Supply Chain for Second-Line Drugs for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Workshop Summary covers the objectives of the workshop, which were to review: -To what extent and in what ways current mechanisms are or are not effectively accomplishing what is needed, including consideration of bottlenecks. -The advantages and disadvantages of centralization in the management of the global drug supply chain, and potential decentralized approaches to improve operations of the supply chain. -What can be learned from case studies and examples from other diseases (e.g., the Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria (AMFm) and the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief [PEPFAR]) - The current allocation of responsibilities and roles of the private (including industry and nonprofit public health organizations) and public sectors, and examination of opportunities for enhancing and optimizing collaboration -Identification of potential innovative solutions to the problem

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171

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309265983

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9780309265980

Supporting Family and Community Investments in Young Children Globally

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences

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Supporting Family and Community Investments in Young Children Globally

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences

To examine the science, policy, and practice surrounding supporting family and community investments in young children globally and children in acute disruptions, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in partnership with the Ethiopian Academy of Sciences in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from July 27-29, 2015. The workshop examined topics related to supporting family and community investments in young children globally. Examples of types of investments included financial and human capital. Participants also discussed how systems can better support children, families, and communities through acute disruptions such as the Ebola outbreak. Over the course of the 3-day workshop, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, funders, young influencers, and other experts from 19 countries discussed how best to support family and community investments across areas of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other service domains. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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141

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309389402

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9780309389402

Understanding the Economics of Microbial Threats

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

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Understanding the Economics of Microbial Threats

Proceedings of a Workshop

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats

Microbial threats, including endemic and emerging infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance, can cause not only substantial health consequences but also enormous disruption to economic activity worldwide. While scientific advances have undoubtedly strengthened our ability to respond to and mitigate the mortality of infectious disease threats, events over the past two decades have illustrated our continued vulnerability to economic consequences from these threats. To assess the current understanding of the interaction of infectious disease threats with economic activity and suggest potential new areas of research, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine planned a 1.5-day public workshop on understanding the economics of microbial threats. This workshop built on prior work of the Forum on Microbial Threats and aimed to help transform current knowledge into immediate action. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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169

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309483026

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9780309483025

Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA)

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Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins

Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA)

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2015-2030 strive for a world that is "just, equitable, and inclusive," in which everyone receives care, education, and opportunities to thrive. Yet many children are living on the margins of society, face multiple disadvantages, and are excluded from full participation in all that life has to offer. To examine the science, economics, and politics of investing in the health, education, nutrition, and social protection of children at the margins, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Prague, Czech Republic in November 2015. Held in partnership with the Open Society Foundations and the International Step by Step Association, the workshop convened a diverse group of stakeholders from around the world for 2 days of discussion. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

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123

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309441048

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9780309441049

International Regulatory Harmonization Amid Globalization of Drug Development

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation

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International Regulatory Harmonization Amid Globalization of Drug Development

Workshop Summary

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation

The past several decades have been a time of rapid globalization in the development, manufacture, marketing, and distribution of medical products and technologies. Increasingly, research on the safety and effectiveness of new drugs is being conducted in countries with little experience in regulation of medical product development. Demand has been increasing for globally harmonized, science-based standards for the development and evaluation of the safety, quality, and efficacy of medical products. Consistency of such standards could improve the efficiency and clarity of the drug development and evaluation process and, ultimately, promote and enhance product quality and the public health. To explore the need and prospects for greater international regulatory harmonization for drug development, the IOM Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation hosted a workshop on February 13-14, 2013. Discussions at the workshop helped identify principles, potential approaches, and strategies to advance the development or evolution of more harmonized regulatory standards. This document summarizes the workshop.

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129

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309284791

ISBN 13

9780309284790

The Challenges of Agricultural Production and Food Security in Africa

By: Africa Leadership Forum

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The Challenges of Agricultural Production and Food Security in Africa

By: Africa Leadership Forum

The agricultural and rural crisis besetting Africa is the result of both policy failures and inadequacies and the product of structural rigidities inhibiting access to and control of vital resources. The challenge of leadership in the agricultural sector is how to design and implement policies which would help induce growth and development in this sector. It is against this background that the Africa Leadership Forum convened in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria in July of 1989 to explore a broad range of parameters to be addressed in the formulation of successful policies. This volume is derived from papers submitted and presentations made. The book provides the main conclusions and recommendations which emanated from the conference. They highlight a series of actions which must be taken in such areas as women in agriculture, small-scale farmers, agribusiness, subsidies, human capital, and linkages between international and national research anbd energy. Other topics include - Africa's security situation; social and economic factors, ecology, and social engineering; dietary patterns in Africa; pest management; agricultural practice; and international organizations. It is aimed at economists, anthropologists, ecologists, agriculturalists, social and political scientists, and all those interested or involved in agricultural production in Africa and other underdeveloped countries.

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206

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Published Date

ISBN 10

0844817244

ISBN 13

9780844817248

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