Due to inherent limitations in human sensing organs, most data collected for various purposes contain uncertainties. Even at the rare occasions when accurate data are available, the truthful predictions derived on the data tend to create chaotic consequences. So, to effectively process and make sense out of available data, we need methods to deal with uncertainty inherently existing inside the data. The intent of this monograph is to explore the fundamental theory, methods, and techniques of practical application of grey systems theory, initiated by Professor Deng Julong in 1982. This volume presents most of the recent advances of the theory accomplished by scholars from around the world. From studying this book, the reader will not only acquire an overall knowledge of this new theory but also be able to follow the most current research activities. All examples presented are based on practical applications of the theory when urgent real-life problems had to be addressed. Last but not the least, this book concludes with three appendices. The first one compares grey systems theory and interval analysis while revealing the fact that interval analysis is a part of grey mathematics. The second appendix presents an array of different approaches of studying uncertainties. And, the last appendix shows how uncertainties appear using general systems approach.
Uses techniques from psychological science and legal theory to explore police interrogation in the United States Understanding Police Interrogation provides a single comprehensive source for understanding issues relating to police interrogation and confession. It sheds light on the range of factors that may influence the outcome of the interrogation of a suspect, which ones make it more likely that a person will confess, and which may also inadvertently lead to false confessions. There is a significant psychological component to police interrogations, as interrogators may try to build rapport with the suspect, or trick them into thinking there is evidence against them that does not exist. Also important is the extent to which the interrogator is convinced of the suspect’s guilt, a factor that has clear ramifications for today’s debates over treatment of black suspects and other people of color in the criminal justice system. The volume employs a totality of the circumstances approach, arguing that a number of integrated factors, such as the characteristics of the suspect, the characteristics of the interrogators, interrogation techniques and location, community perceptions of law enforcement, and expectations for jurors and judges, all contribute to the nature of interrogations and the outcomes and perceptions of the criminal justice system. The authors argue that by drawing on this approach we can better explain the likelihood of interrogation outcomes, including true and false confessions, and provide both scholars and practitioners with a greater understanding of best practices going forward.
Charles A. Bear's An Economic Interpretation of the United States Constitution was a work of such powerful persuasiveness as to alter the course of American historiography. No historian who followed in studying the making of the Constitution was entirely free from Beard's radical interpretation of the document as serving the economic interests of the Framers as members of the propertied class. Forrest McDonald's We the People was the first major challenge to Beard's thesis. This superbly researched and documented volume restored the Constitution as the work of principled and prudential men. It did much to invalidate the crude economic determinism that had become endemic in the writing of American history. We the People fills in the details that Beard had overlooked in his fragmentary book. MacDonald's work is based on an exhaustive comparative examination of the economic biographies of the 55 members of the Constitutional Convention and the 1,750 members of the state ratifying conventions. His conclusion is that on the basis of evidence, Beard's economic interpretation does not hold. McDonald demonstrates conclusively that the interplay of conditioning or determining factors at work in the making of the Constitution was extremely complex and cannot be rendered intelligible in terms of any single system of interpretation. McDonald's classic work, while never denying economic motivation as a factor, also demonstrates how the rich cultural and political mosaic of the colonies was an independent and dominant factor in the decision making that led to the first new nation. In its pluralistic approach to economic factors and analytic richness, We the People is both a major work of American history and a significant document in the history of ideas. It continues to be an essential volume for historians, political scientists, economists, and American studies specialists.
Peasant rebellions are uncommon. "Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance" explores peasants' foot dragging, feigned ingorance, false compliance, manipulation, flight, slander, theft, arson, sabotage, and similar prosaic forms of struggle. These kinds of resistance stop well short of collective defiance, a strategy usually suicidal for the subordinate. The central argument about peasant resistance is presented in the opening chapter by James Scott in which he summarizes and extends the thesis of his book on Malaysia's peasantry, "Weapons of the Weak". Scott's ideas are employed and refined in the ensuing seven country studies of peasant resistance: Poland, India, Egypt, Colombia, China, Nicaragua and Zimbabwe.
Eye-Popping Show-Stopping Libraries starts out by recounting the beginning of the relationship between the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and the American Library Association (ALA) to establish the Library Building awards and traces the development of the program over the following five decades. In the next seven chapters the authors have grouped selected award-winning libraries by big themes, to explore the evolution of service innovations and design trends; most of the selected case studies include exterior and interior photographs, as well as floor plans. The final chapter offers some thoughts on what a half-century of award-winning architecture can tell us about the future of library service and library design. In the afterword the authors review the initial round of seventeen award-winning libraries from 1963, to assess how the designs have held up over time, and to describe the current disposition of the building. Three appendixes offer a chronological list of award recipients, an alphabetical list of awardees by library, and an alphabetical list by architect. The fourth and final appendix is a chronological list of jury members. This full-color, beautifully illustrated with 141 images book presents these exemplary libraries as an exploration of the evolution of library service and design. It examines the award-winning libraries by big themes to explore how service trends and design trends have evolved. Documentation of featured library buildings (including photographs and plans) is an important element.
Valuemetrics is an elaboration of Robert S. Hartman's innovative development in the application of an abstract system to the study of ethical problems. The system used for this purpose is a branch of logic called set theory. Set theory fulfills this role because goodness, the fundamental phenomenon of ethics, is defined axiomatically in terms of sets. The similarity of structure between certain elements of set theory and the various types and degrees of goodness makes mathematical accounting of goodness phenomena possible. In the valuemetrics context, value judgments are considered as an assessment of the goodness of something. Therefore, the mathematical system for the accounting of goodness serves as a tool for objectively making many kinds of value judgments and possible attendant ethical decisions. One of the results of this conception, attributable to Hartman, is the birth of the science of ethics. The first half of the book elucidates the theory, terminology, and mathematical system used in valuemetrics, known as Hartmanean algebra. The second half is devoted to the application of this system to the measurement and development of a person's value vision, and the solution of various problems in ethics using the case study technique. Hartmanean algebra will resolve several types of problems such as the determination of right and wrong, good and bad; determining how to redress and amend instances of wrongs and badness; and how to determine when, if ever, wrongs and badness are justified.
Established in 1826, Troup County is located in west Georgia midway between Atlanta and Montgomery. The county name honors George Michael Troup, governor of Georgia when the United States purchased the lands from the Creek Indian Nation. Fertile lands, several Native American trails, and the Chattahoochee River, which cuts across the county, gave rise to early settlements. Rapid growth and development soon made Troup one of the leading counties in the state. Since the late 19th century, the county has moved from one with an agriculturalbased economy to an important industrial center where education has always been of prime concern. More than half of the residents now live in LaGrange, West Point, and Hogansville, towns with roots in the early days of the county.
This examination of the politics of ethnicity and nation-building in Africa stresses the trend towards subnationalist autonomy and away from a singular, state-centric system based on the Western model. Forrest ranges across the continent to explore a variety of subnational movements.
Practical solutions for difficult clinical situations! With many chapters written by some of the field's best known contributors, this handbook was developed for the practitioner who wants practical and effective guidance for helping abused children. Each major area of clinical practice is discussed by experienced professionals, providing you with new insights and ideas regarding: medical findings; clinical assessment; individual, group, and family therapy; testifying in court; the role of medication in treatment, and much more. To make the application from the written page to your practice even more compelling, every clinical chapter is followed by a patient vignette that demonstrates how the principles just described can be successfully applied in the working world of therapists. Whether abused children number only a few or many on your caseload, this is a handbook to which you will often refer over the years. The Handbook for the Treatment of Abused and Neglected Children pulls together a wide range of practical information for therapists on how to effectively work with abused and neglected children. Unlike other volumes on the subject, this book puts the information in context, with a ’big picture’ overview of how the therapist fits into the larger system into which the child has been swept upChild Protective Services, legal proceedings, medical issues, disputes regarding custody, etc. Inside, you’ll find effective strategies for: conducting individual therapy with abused childrenhow to begin therapy, identify distortions, effectively challenge ingrained patterns of behavior, and constructively bring therapy to a close navigating the maze of Child Protective Servicesknowing what resources are available, what obstacles are likely to arise, and how to work with social workers understanding the medical findings of maltreated childrenhow information from a child’s physician can provide critical insights into the child’s experience, and often into children’s expectations of future relationships testifying in court as a therapisthow the court works and how to prepare to give effective testimony facilitating parent interventionshow to help mothers and fathers develop relationships with their children to the fullest and nurture each child’s potential as his or her personality develops The Handbook for the Treatment of Abused and Neglected Children will prove valuable for students and educators as well as novice and experienced therapists. Whether you see children only occasionally or focus your practice on maltreated children, this one-of-a-kind resource deserves a place in your professional collection.
During the National Hockey League lockout in early 2005, Toronto-based sports journalist David Timmins has little to write about until baseball player Jose Canseco releases his book on steroid abuse, and Timmins boss sends him on a steroid scandal of his own to spring training in Florida. He receives a romantic surprise on the plane ride; absorbs a career shock on the Ides of March; requires his sisters New York condo couch for a night; spends Easter in a rural Ontario town he has never been in before; and yes, he solves the NHL lockout problem with the aid of an inspired cheese maker- of course.
Travel back in time to 1982 to begin a journey of love, fear and trial that two young people will experience together, and apart. Sarah Manning and Dan Taylor would seem to be the perfect couple. She is the homecoming queen in the small Kentucky town of Dellwood. She's brilliant, headed for college. He's a bad boy musician wannabe. They are made for each other until the terrible tragedy befalls her that will change both of their lives forever. Tiny Dellwood can hardly contain these two young lovers. Their commitment, passion and love will be tested. Learn if their love could stay as pure and true as it was when it was new.
This anthology of readings in contemporary Western philosophy focuses on 19th-century philosophers who represent a variety of responses to the issue of their day: whether or not there was a knowable, nonhuman rational order upon which thinking persons could willfully choose to act. The selections are readable and accessible, yet remain faithful to the original works. Accompanying the text are drawings, diagrams, photographs, and a timeline; all of which allow the reader to really study the major philosophical thinkers of the 19th-century: Bentham, Wollstonecraft, Fichte, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Comte, Feuerbach, Mill, Kierkegaard, Marx, Peirce, James, and Nietzche. For anyone interested in owning a collection of works from the greatest philosophical thinkers in the 19th-century.
For courses in 20th-century Philosophy, recent Continental Philosophy, Anglo-American Philosophy; as part of courses in Contemporary Philosophy; or courses on Epistemology or Metaphysics that take a historical approach. This anthology in 20th-century philosophical classics includes recent European and American philosophers, and contains texts that are presently seen as classics or as emerging classics. It features complete works or complete sections of works. Includes introductions to each philosopher, an abundance of drawings, diagrams, photographs, and a timeline.
Fatigue of Metals provides a general account of the failure of metals due to fatigue, a subject of great practical importance in the field of engineering and metallurgy. The book covers a wide range of topics on the study of the fatigue of metals. The text presents in the first three chapters the characteristics and detection of fatigue fractures; methods of fatigue testing; and the fatigue strengths of different materials. The resistance of materials to fatigue under complex stress; the determination and effects of stress concentration; influence of surface treatment on fatigue strength; and effects of corrosion and temperature are also studied in detail. In relation to the previous chapters of fatigue information, a chapter is devoted to engineering design to prevent fatigue. The last two chapters provide a brief historical survey of the developments of the study of the mechanism of fatigue and fatigue of non-metallic materials such as wood, plastic, rubber, glass, and concrete. Mechanical engineers, designers, metallurgists, researchers, and students will find the book as a good reference material.
In Blood on Their Hands, author Forrest Redd unravels the past eight years of the Bush Administration in an attempt to prove why George W. Bush should be convicted of inciting an illegal war. Fueled by the outcome of the 2004 election, Redd demonstrates how the right-leaning media pundits assisted Bush in misleading the public and why the American people share the responsibility of Bush's disappointing, dangerous presidency. In reevaluating the way the American people handled the Bush Administration, Redd transfers the blame for eight years of failures and atrocities from Bush squarely to the shoulders of the American voters. Redd also includes chapters on the Supreme Court's role in determining the 2000 election, a side-by-side comparison of Kerry and Bush in the 2004 election, and a reaction to the proposed change brought about by the 2008 election. Ultimately, Blood on Their Hands is a call to the nation to come together and practice common sense, strive for enlightenment, and exercise decency, tolerance, and compassion.
Practical Aviation Security: Predicting and Preventing Future Threats, Third Edition is a complete guide to the aviation security system, from crucial historical events to the policies, policymakers, and major terrorist and criminal acts that have shaped the procedures in use today, as well as the cutting edge technologies that are shaping the future. This text equips readers working in airport security or other aviation management roles with the knowledge to implement effective security programs, meet international guidelines, and responsibly protect facilities or organizations of any size. Using case studies and practical security measures now in use at airports worldwide, readers learn the effective methods and the fundamental principles involved in designing and implementing a security system. The aviation security system is comprehensive and requires continual focus and attention to stay a step ahead of the next attack. Practical Aviation Security, Third Edition, helps prepare practitioners to enter the industry and helps seasoned professionals prepare for new threats and prevent new tragedies. - Covers commercial airport security, general aviation and cargo operations, threats, threat detection and response systems, as well as international security issues - Lays out the security fundamentals that can ensure the future of global travel and commerce - Applies real-world aviation experience to the task of anticipating and deflecting threats - Includes updated coverage of security related to spaceport and unmanned aerial systems, focusing on IACO (International Civil Aviation Organization) security regulations and guidance - Features additional and updated case studies and much more
Local Autonomy as a Human Right contends that local communities struggle to preserve their territorial autonomy over time despite changes to the broader political and geographic contexts within which they are embedded. Forrest argues that this both reflects and is evidence of a worldwide embrace of local control as a key political and social value, indeed, of such importance that it should be embraced and codified as a human right. This study weaves together evidence grounded in a variety of disciplines - history, geography, comparative politics, sociology, public policy, anthropology, international jurisprudence, rural studies, urban studies -- to make clear that a presumed, inherent moral right to local self-determination has been manifested in many different historical and social contexts. This book constructs a compelling argument favoring a human right to local autonomy. It identifies practical factors that help to account for the relative success of communities that are able to assert local control over time. Here, particular attention is paid to whether localities are able to generate policy and organizational capacity. Forrest suggests that a focus on local policy and organizational capacity can help to explain why some communities attempting to assert greater local control are more successful than others. Local Autonomy as a Human Right contributes to scholarly debates regarding the varied impacts of globalization, with the place-based perspective and moral emphasis on territorial-centered rights put forth herein offering a necessary counter-narrative to the often-presumed predominance of global forces.
This book describes an action research approach to engaging respectfully with First Nations communities in a diverse range of contexts, disciplines and projects. It offers a valuable guide for professionals, students and teaching staff that recognises all participants as equal partners while acknowledging the diversity of First Peoples and culture, and prioritising local knowledge. While the book is adaptable to a diverse range of cultures and disciplines, it is specifically focused on cross-cultural collaborative case studies in Noongar Country, which is located in the southwest of Western Australia. The case studies demonstrate how action research can be applied not only in the traditional areas of education and social justice, but also in a diverse range of disciplines, communities and circumstances, including media, education, environmental management and health. The book’s aim is to highlight successful cross-cultural First Nations community projects and to discuss each one in terms of its action research philosophy and process. In this regard, the voices of the participants are prioritised, especially those of First Nations communities. While this book is specifically pitched at Australian readers, the action research approach described may be adapted and applied to many cross-cultural collaborative relationships, making it of interest and value to international students and researchers.
“A fascinating story, telling aspects of the American West that most of us know little about.”—True West Magazine In the mid-nineteenth century, the U.S. Army was on the verge of employing a weapon that had never before been seen on its native soil: a cavalry mount that would fare better than both mules and horses in the American Southwest... Against the Mojave in the Arizona Territory, against the Mormons in Utah Territory, during the early stages of the Civil War, the camel would become part of military history and a nearly forgotten chapter of Americana. This is the true story of that experiment and the extraordinary group of people who it brought together. The Last Camel Charge gives them their due as a vital piece of American history. INCLUDES PHOTOS
The author of The American Creed tells “the story of our nation’s historical encounters with God and culture” (Peter J. Gomes, New York Times bestselling author). Today’s dispute over the line between church and state (or the lack thereof) is neither the first nor the fiercest in our history. In a revelatory look at our nation’s birth, Forrest Church recreates our first great culture war—a tumultuous, nearly forgotten conflict that raged from George Washington’s presidency to James Monroe’s. Religion was the most divisive issue in the nation’s early presidential elections. Battles raged over numerous issues while the bible and the Declaration of Independence competed for American affections. The religious political wars reached a vicious peak during the War of 1812; the American victory drove New England’s Christian right to withdraw from electoral politics, thereby shaping our modern sense of church-state separation. No longer entangled, both church and state flourished. Forrest Church has written a rich, page-turning history, a new vision of our earliest presidents’ beliefs that stands as a reminder and a warning for America today. “An illuminating study of the great tangle of our time. If we look back to our early years, we may well find a way forward.” —Jon Meacham, #1 New York Times bestselling author of His Truth is Marching On “In this beautifully crafted and timely work, the aptly named Church takes us through the complex thoughts and actions of the nation’s founders in a way that will give pause to most readers . . . This is an important work that delights and informs.” —Publishers Weekly (starred review)
Winning in the Trenches provides a fascinating glimpse of a bygone era in professional football from one of the players who epitomized it. With candor, insight, and love for the game, Forrest Gregg takes the reader through a career that began in the mid-1950s when he was draft by the then-moribund Green Bay Packers. The NFL was a far different, and far less glamorous, place in those years. But, as Gregg tells it, things changed for the better when the team hired a new head coach, the now immortal Vince Lombardi. Gregg provides many colorful stories of the Lombardi years, during which the Packers dominated the sport, becoming what many experts call the greatest team of all time, winning a number of NFL championships and the first two Super Bowls. Though those teams were loaded with Hall of Famers, Lombardi famously called Gregg ''the finest player I ever coached.'' Lombardi moved on by the end of the 1960s, as did Gregg, who played in yet another Super Bowl with the Dallas Cowboys before retiring as one of the greatest offensive linemen in the history of the game. His love for the game wouldn't allow him to rest on his laurels, and Gregg moved into coaching, as an assistant with the San Diego Chargers and then the Cleveland Browns, who promoted him to head coach in the mid 1970s. Gregg is candid yet fair in his recollection of working with the Browns' controversial owner Art Modell. From that post, Gregg moved on to work for another controversial and demanding owner, Paul Brown of the Cincinnati Bengals. Within two years Gregg took that losing franchise all the way to the Super Bowl, winning the NFL's Coach of the Year award. But Green Bay was his true love, and Gregg returned to the Packers as the head coach. Controversy, however, dogged him, as several of his players were involved in off-the-field scandals, leading to an explosive tenure of several years.
This outstanding presentation of the fundamentals of multidimensional scaling illustrates the applicability of MDS to a wide variety of disciplines. The first two sections provide ground work in the history and theory of MDS. The final section applies MDS techniques to such diverse fields as physics, marketing, and political science.
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