This book examines minban teacher policies and their implementation in China between 1949 and 2000, when rural areas were in severe shortage of qualified teachers. During this period of time, minban teachers made great contributions to education, doing the same work as state-employed school teachers while receiving much lower salaries due to non-official status. With solid fieldwork on oral history of minban teachers and policy actors and deep examination of a wealth of policy documents in private and governmental archives, the author records the life history of minban teachers, the process of minban teacher policies, and the interaction between policies and individual strategies in M county (pseudonym), located in northern Jiangsu province of China. The book reveals many interesting and sometimes surprising findings about the characteristics of educational policy implementation in China. While China’s minban teacher policies have come to an end, rural education continues to be a major concern of policymakers and researchers alike. The book is an important piece of scholarship for the readers interested in rural education in China, and in how state, society, and culture interact to influence teacher policies and management in the Chinese context.
Wei Qingfeng, the foster son of the great general, was already a martial genius who had achieved great merits at such a young age and had become brothers with the emperor. However, his background was complicated, even though he had fought in wars to the north, he was seen as an anti-thief who had been forced into exile and had gotten to know many good teachers and friends.
This book examines minban teacher policies and their implementation in China between 1949 and 2000, when rural areas were in severe shortage of qualified teachers. During this period of time, minban teachers made great contributions to education, doing the same work as state-employed school teachers while receiving much lower salaries due to non-official status. With solid fieldwork on oral history of minban teachers and policy actors and deep examination of a wealth of policy documents in private and governmental archives, the author records the life history of minban teachers, the process of minban teacher policies, and the interaction between policies and individual strategies in M county (pseudonym), located in northern Jiangsu province of China. The book reveals many interesting and sometimes surprising findings about the characteristics of educational policy implementation in China. While China's minban teacher policies have come to an end, rural education continues to be a major concern of policymakers and researchers alike. The book is an important piece of scholarship for the readers interested in rural education in China, and in how state, society, and culture interact to influence teacher policies and management in the Chinese context"--
When first published in China in 1977, the publisher said: " This selection of revolutionary stories reflects from different angles the fiery life of struggle of China's workers, peasants and soldiers since the Cultural Revolution. Dealt with young workers who dare to take on heavy responsibility in face of difficulties, women peasants who really "shoulder half of heaven," soldiers who through seriously learning from each other improve their ability to fight the enemy, and intellectuals who integrate with the workers and peasants. These stories, fresh, inspiring and full of life's flavor, are vividly told in the simple language of the people.
Wei Qingfeng, the foster son of the great general, was already a martial genius who had achieved great merits at such a young age and had become brothers with the emperor. However, his background was complicated, even though he had fought in wars to the north, he was seen as an anti-thief who had been forced into exile and had gotten to know many good teachers and friends.
At this time, a fighter stepped out of the front, ranking 30th in the list of Heaven and Man. Wei was unknown, with a strange whip method. He once slew three thousand dragons, cast a thousand dragons and purple gold whips with thousands of dragon spirits, broke mountains and rivers, pulled out the sun and the moon, and traveled all over mainland China with a magical power
This book addresses the discursive construction of corporate identities in social media on the part of Chinese corporations, particularly highlighting how followers of corporate social media co-create corporate identities during firm-follower interactions. Toward this end, it pursues an integrated sociolinguistics approach combining e.g. thematic analysis, interactional analysis and in-depth interviews. Readers will also find extensive information on the brand-new dialogic framework of corporate identity formation. The book offers an insightful and revealing guide for both practitioners/trainers and teachers in corporate communication who are faced with the challenges of managing public relations and corporate images in the age of social media. It can also serve as a valuable case study for those readers who are fascinated by the Chinese economy and discourse analysis of the Chinese language.
This book is the first book on the history of Chinese traveling culture. It reviewed the history of Chinese traveling culture, and revealed the cultural significance of China's traveling phenomena and the underlying principles of its changing traveling culture.It has the following features: First, it divided the history of Chinese traveling culture into six periods to create a system to explain the phenomena and changes of traveling culture. Second, it emphasized the significance of travelers in traveling culture, and revealed the influence of zeitgeist on traveling culture. Third, it explained phenomena through investigations of the artifacts, institutions, behaviors and attitudes of traveling culture, and the dynamic interactions between the subjects, objects and media in traveling. Fourth, it expanded the theory of traveling by building upon extant ideas.Published by SCPG Publishing Corporation and distributed by World Scientific for all markets except China
Presumptive income taxes in the form of a tax on turnover for SMEs are pervasive as a way to reduce the costs of compliance and administration. We analyze a model where entrepreneurs allocate labor to the formal and informal sectors. Formal sector income is subjected either to a corporate income tax or a tax on turnover, depending on whether their turnover exceeds a threshold. We characterize the private sector equilibrium for any given configuration of tax policy parameters (corporate income tax rate, turnover tax rate, and threshold). Given private behavior, social welfare is optimized. We interpret the first-order conditions for welfare maximization to identify the key margins and then simulate a calibrated version of the model.
after experiencing life and death the sullen sixth prince li chenbai finally understood that those noble feelings about being silently blessed were all bastards if you like delicacies you have to eat them if you like them you have to marry them ba shu jia prefecture the three rivers gathered under the feet of the buddha the beautiful scenery of the delicacies and beauties what kind of wonderful collision would there be family is short also not a field of chicken feathers more is warm and happy
Turnover (sales) is frequently used in developing countries as a presumptive income tax base, to economize on the costs of tax administration and taxpayer compliance. We construct a simple model where a size threshold separates firms paying turnover tax from those paying profit tax (regular income tax), and where firms have the option of producing in the untaxed, informal sector. The optimal turnover tax rate trades off two policy concerns: reducing informality and avoiding strategic reductions in sales by firms seeking to remain below the threshold for the profit tax. We provide analytical results and calibrate the model to compute the optimal policy using realistic parameter values. The optimal turnover tax rate for countries with large informal sectors is found to be around 2.5% across most scenarios, while the threshold separating the turnover tax regime from profit tax lies for the most part between $65,000 and $95,000. Introducing an optimally designed turnover tax reduces the rate of informality of businesses by about 12 percentage points in the calibrated model.
This IBM® Redpaper introduces the IBM Spectrum® Scale Erasure Code Edition (ECE) as a scalable, high-performance data and file management solution. ECE is designed to run on any commodity server that meets the ECE minimum hardware requirements. ECE provides all the functionality, reliability, scalability, and performance of IBM Spectrum Scale with the added benefit of network-dispersed IBM Spectrum Scale RAID, which provides data protection, storage efficiency, and the ability to manage storage in hyperscale environments that are composed from commodity hardware. In this publication, we explain the benefits of ECE and the use cases where we believe it fits best. We also provide a technical introduction to IBM Spectrum Scale RAID. Next, we explain the key aspects of planning an installation, provide an example of an installation scenario, and describe the key aspects of day-to-day management and a process for problem determination. We conclude with an overview of possible enhancements that are being considered for future versions of IBM Spectrum Scale Erasure Code Edition. Overall knowledge of IBM Spectrum Scale Erasure Code Edition is critical to planning a successful storage system deployment. This paper is targeted toward technical professionals (consultants, technical support staff, IT Architects, and IT Specialists) who are responsible for delivering cost effective storage solutions. The goal of this paper is to describe the benefits of using IBM Spectrum Scale Erasure Code Edition for the creation of high performing storage systems.
This book presents the essential ideas of coherent states and provides researchers and graduate students with the necessary tools for various applications of generalized coherent state theory. These applications include areas such as quantum information, quantum phase transitions, quantum many-body systems, quantum chaos, and quantum open systems. The aim of the book is to show how coherent states can be applied to an extensive range of physical systems. The authors provide many exercises at the end of each chapter to enhance the mastery of the subject. Throughout the first seven chapters, only an understanding of elementary quantum mechanics is assumed, and for the last six chapters, some basic knowledge of group theory is requested to follow the arguments.
This book has one single purpose: to present the development of the partial hybrid finite element method for the stress analysis of laminated composite structures. The reason for this presentation is because the authors believe that partial hybrid finite element method is more efficient that the displacement based finite element method for the stress analysis oflaminated composites. In fact, the examples in chapter 5 of this book show that the partial hybrid finite element method is about 5 times more efficient than the displacement based finite element method. Since there is a great need for accurate and efficient calculation of interlaminar stresses for the design using composites, the partial hybrid finite method does provide one possible solution. Hybrid finite method has been in existence since 1964 and a significant amount of work has been done on the topic. However, the authors are not aware of any systematic piece of literature that gives a detailed presentation of the method. Chapters of the displacement finite element method and the evolution 1 and 2 present a sununary of the hybrid finite element method. Hopefully, these two chapters can provide the readers with an appreciation for the difference between the displacement finite element method and the hybrid finite element. It also should prepare the readers for the introduction of partial hybrid finite element method presented in chapter 3.
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