Document from the year 2010 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: 1,0, T.C. Yeditepe University Istanbul, language: English, abstract: The modern German civil law is based on the idea of freedom of contract (Rüthers, 2003, p. 26). This implies the freedom of individuals to negotiate contracts without any interference of the government. This concept can only lead to fair and reasonable results if two equal parts are negotiating (Rüthers, 2003, p. 28). If one party has more or better alternatives than the other, the result is more likely to be unfair and inequitable (Blum, 2007, p. 9). Art. 9 (3) GG deals with the Vereinigungs- und Koalitionsfreiheit, the freedom to found and join societies and associations. This matter is closely linked to the legal questions arising from collective agreements and strikes (Freckmann, 1999, p. 96). After presenting the wording of Art. 9 (3) GG, followed by a short overview concerning the history of Art. 9 (3) GG, these questions will be elaborated in more detail in this midterm paper.
In the last two decades, multinational companies (MNCs) and global union federations (GUFs) have started to negotiate so-called global framework agreements (GFAs) which define minimum standards for labor conditions across their locations. This book focuses on the question why companies conclude GFAs, and identifies four groups of incentives: reduction and privatization of conflicts; public relations; promotion of equal competitive conditions; exogenous requirements and avoidance of public regulation. Based on an in-depth analysis of incentives considered to play a dominant role in the decision of companies to conclude GFAs, the book attempts to predict under which conditions GFAs can be expected to proliferate in the future.
In the last two decades, multinational companies (MNCs) and global union federations (GUFs) have started to negotiate so-called global framework agreements (GFAs) which define minimum standards for labor conditions across their locations. This book focuses on the question why companies conclude GFAs, and identifies four groups of incentives: reduction and privatization of conflicts; public relations; promotion of equal competitive conditions; exogenous requirements and avoidance of public regulation. Based on an in-depth analysis of incentives considered to play a dominant role in the decision of companies to conclude GFAs, the book attempts to predict under which conditions GFAs can be expected to proliferate in the future.
Materials of industrial interest often show a complex microstructure which directly influences their macroscopic material behavior. For simulations on the component scale, multi-scale methods may exploit this microstructural information. This work is devoted to a multi-scale approach for brittle materials. Based on a homogenization result for free discontinuity problems, we present FFT-based methods to compute the effective crack energy of heterogeneous materials with complex microstructures.
State Estimation for Dynamic Systems presents the state of the art in this field and discusses a new method of state estimation. The method makes it possible to obtain optimal two-sided ellipsoidal bounds for reachable sets of linear and nonlinear control systems with discrete and continuous time. The practical stability of dynamic systems subjected to disturbances can be analyzed, and two-sided estimates in optimal control and differential games can be obtained. The method described in the book also permits guaranteed state estimation (filtering) for dynamic systems in the presence of external disturbances and observation errors. Numerical algorithms for state estimation and optimal control, as well as a number of applications and examples, are presented. The book will be an excellent reference for researchers and engineers working in applied mathematics, control theory, and system analysis. It will also appeal to pure and applied mathematicians, control engineers, and computer programmers.
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