In order to understand the Pakistani state and government’s treatment of non-dominant ethnic groups after the failure of the military operation in East Pakistan and the independence of Bangladesh, this book looks at the ethnic movements that were subject to a military operation after 1971: the Baloch in the 1970s, the Sindhis in the 1980s and Mohajirs in the 1990s. The book critically evaluates the literature on ethnicity and nationalism by taking nationalist ideology and the political divisions which it generates within ethnic groups as essential in estimating ethnic movements. It goes on to challenge the modernist argument that nationalism is only relevant to modern-industrialised socio-economic settings. The available evidence from Pakistan makes clear that ethnic movements emanate from three distinct socio-economic realms: tribal (Baloch), rural (Sindh) and urban (Mohajir), and the book looks at the implications that this has, as well as how further arguments could be advanced about the relevance of ethnic movements and politics in the Third World. It provides academics and researchers with background knowledge of how the Baloch, Sindhi and Mohajir ethnic conflict in Pakistan took shape in a historical context as well as probable future scenarios of the relationship between the Pakistani state and government, and ethnic groups and movements.
The skeleton is a multifunctional organ system that serves several vital roles in the body. Although bone has the ability to remodel itself to repair damage and respond to calcium demands, it is subject to the rigors of aging, hormonal changes, and environment. Understanding the mechanisms that cause bone loss is an important facet of human medicine. Animal models permit mechanistic study of processes that regulate development and maintenance of skeletal mass, enabling meticulous investigation of new orthopedic strategies or bone-targeted pharmacologic therapies. The selection of an appropriate animal model, choice of skeletal analysis techniques, and proper interpretation of data are vital components of experimental design and analysis in bone research. In this chapter, we review time-tested criteria for choosing appropriate animal models, describe several common animal models of osteoporosis, and summarize some of the basic methodology available for in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro analysis of skeletal biology.
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.