Adopting the perspective of anthropology of art and combining it with global academic insights, this book helps the readers to recognize that “history is, in great measure, the record of human activity which spreads from the local to the regional, from the regional to the global, and from the global to the universal.” Readers will learn that China was not only the first country to create porcelain, but also the first to export it to the world, both the products and its techniques. Therefore, the history of Chinese ceramics reflects the history of Chinese foreign trade on the one hand and depicts the expansion of Chinese ceramic techniques and cultures on the other. In addition to ceramics types, molds, decoration, and techniques, the book analyzes the spiritual impacts and aesthetic conceptions embodied in the utensils of daily use by the Chinese literati. Therefore, it reaches the conclusion that ideological systems and not technological systems are what bring about social revolutions. In addition, the book is richly illustrated with pictures of earthenware and finely glazed pieces from later periods.
This book focuses on researching the chime stone, a percussion instrument carved from stone that originated in ancient China. In antiquity, people regarded the chime stone as an important musical instrument because its presence indicated the wealth and status of the tomb owners. In the late Neolithic Age, people discovered the differences between each type of stone and their sound qualities. Chime stone manufacture focused on the timbre of the natural stone, as opposed to both materials and sounding based selection in later periods, which formed a part of making a perfect and delicate chime stone. In the earlier period the chime stone was only a musical instrument for producing rhythmic sound, but as time went by, chime stones gradually became melodic instruments and were played with string, wind, and other percussion instruments in ensemble. The book is divided into 10 chapters. Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive view of existing research, sets out the aims of the present research alongside material sources and methodology, elaborates the theoretical framework of the book, and clarifies terminology in both English and Chinese. A summary of the main chime stone finds of the Yellow River andthe Yangtze River valley areas, together with geographical features of these distributions, is provided in Chapter 2. Chapters 3 to 8 contain an in-depth discussion of the chime stones unearthed from those regions, including classification and typology, shape, manufacture, assemblage and performance of the chime stones as well as the detailed tone measurementand analysis. Chapter 9 examines the acoustic properties of chime stones. Chapter 10 looks at the use and function of chime stones, which includes the role of chime stones in ancient ensembles, cultural context, use in ritual music, and the symbolic meaning of chime stones in ancient China.
This book is a study of the dual capital system of Ming dynasty China (1368-1644), with a focus on the administrative functions of the auxiliary Southern Capital, Nanjing. It argues that the immense geographical expanse of the Chinese empire and the poor communication infrastructure of pre-modern times necessitated the establishment of an additional capital administration for effective control of the Ming realm. The existence of the Southern Capital, which has been dismissed by scholars as redundant and insignificant, was, the author argues, justified by its ability to assist the primary Northern Capital better control the southern part of the imperial land. The practice of maintaining auxiliary capitals, where the bureaucratic structures of the primary capital were replicated in varying degrees, was a unique and valuable approach to effecting bureaucratic control over vast territory in pre-modern conditions. Nanjing translates into English as "Southern Capital" and Beijing as "Northern Capital".
Du Lei was working on the jade feng shui street and had watched his shop suffer at night while battling with the other party. However, he was knocked unconscious by the thieves due to the jade stone, thus obtaining the memories of the Ancient Divine Beasts' hegemony.
This book extends the traditional research perspective of single sentences and contexts to the textual structure of real discourse materials. Taking discourse functional grammar as its theoretical orientation, the book combines relevant theories with Chinese practice to work on a number of topics, including discourse phenomena and syntactic integration, the information status and discourse function of special syntactic structures, the emergence of discourse functions of metadiscourse components, and stylistic differences and their syntactic manifestations. Syntactic-semantic laws and discourse functions are examined in relation to each other, which better reveals their inner connection; a focus on the shaping of grammatical structures by interactional factors brings to light the functional motivations behind grammatical rules. In contrast to traditional Chinese grammar research, which takes individual simple or complex sentences as the object of study, this book mainly analyses grammatical phenomena that span sentences. By broadening the scope of research, it enables further exploration of issues that are difficult to address satisfactorily at the sentence level, thus enriching the study of Chinese grammar. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of interactional linguistics, Chinese linguistics and functional grammar.
Fu Yu met a little girl on his way back from his northern patrol. Initially, he had only treated her as a little pet and had only raised her as his precious daughter-in-law ... Ah'Bao only had two goals in life, one was to eat and sleep well, to avoid being frozen by hunger, and the other was to not be sold in brothels. As long as these two goals were satisfied, he could endure Young Master's bad taste, but this was still not enough, why did he need to warm the bed for Young Master?
He had occasionally acquired the mysterious jade pendant, opened the Heaven's Eyes, learned medicine, trained profound arts, flipped over from a decaying man, became a supreme forensic doctor, and from then on, peeked at life and death, turned yin and yang, healed the bones of the dead, solved all kinds of difficult and complicated cases, was chased by the department flower, caused the female CEO to fall for it, and was even marked as the target of countless women ... From then on, he would indulge in leisure and live a happy life!
This book is the first one that comprehensively discusses cyberspace sovereignty in China, reflecting China’s clear attitude in the global Internet governance: respecting every nation’s right to independently choose a development path, cyber management modes and Internet public policies and to participate in the international cyberspace governance on an equal footing. At present, the concept of cyberspace sovereignty is still very strange to many people, so it needs to be thoroughly analyzed. This book will not only help scientific and technical workers in the field of cyberspace security, law researchers and the public understand the development of cyberspace sovereignty at home and abroad, but also serve as reference basis for the relevant decision-making and management departments in their work.
This book investigates how rapid socio-political-economic change in China since 1949 has affected intergenerational relationships and practices in rural areas, specifically the care provided to elderly parents by their adult children. It focuses on the lived experiences of rural villagers and their perceptions of the impact of these socio-political changes on intergenerational relationships, care of the elderly, family cohesion, and the traditional value of filial piety. It notably considers the importance of filial piety as a dominant family value, the conflict between strong family bonds and growing desires for individuality and autonomy, the prevalence of migrant work among adult children and the diversification of intergenerational practices, alongside the need for national policy and services development for residential and community-based aged care in rural China.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a history of thousands of years, is the crystallization of the ancient Chinese's experiences in their struggle against diseases. It is also an integral part of the Chinese's splendid culture. Under the influence and direction of classic Chinese philosophies, it has undergone long-term medical practice and infiltrated into, as well as absorbed from, other subjects in that point in time, thus gradually evolving into a unique medical theoretical system that contributed and is still contributing significantly to the healthcare of the Chinese and the prosperity of the Chinese nation.The basic theories of TCM are the theoretical foundations for guiding traditional Chinese preventive medicine and clinical medicine, and encompass aspects such as the philosophical foundation for TCM, understanding the effects of TCM on the physiology and pathology of the human body, and the principles in TCM for life cultivation, rehabilitation, diagnostics, and therapeutics. In this sense, the basic theories are regarded not only as an important part of TCM, but also as a compulsory course fundamental to the study and research of TCM.This book is compiled to allow the majority of readers to understand the theory of TCM and its methods of diagnosing and treating diseases in a relatively short period of time. It provides a brief introduction to the basic characteristics and theory of TCM, and a detailed schedule of learning commonly occurring diseases and patterns and their estimated 60 corresponding prescriptions. This is a great attempt in initiating more people to understand and apply the theory of TCM to diagnose and treat common diseases and provide corresponding formulas.
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a history of thousands of years, is the crystallization of the ancient Chinese''s experiences in their struggle against diseases. It is also an integral part of the Chinese''s splendid culture. Under the influence and direction of classic Chinese philosophies, it has undergone long-term medical practice and infiltrated into, as well as absorbed from, other subjects in that point in time, thus gradually evolving into a unique medical theoretical system that contributed and is still contributing significantly to the healthcare of the Chinese and the prosperity of the Chinese nation.The basic theories of TCM are the theoretical foundations for guiding traditional Chinese preventive medicine and clinical medicine, and encompass aspects such as the philosophical foundation for TCM, understanding the effects of TCM on the physiology and pathology of the human body, and the principles in TCM for life cultivation, rehabilitation, diagnostics, and therapeutics. In this sense, the basic theories are regarded not only as an important part of TCM, but also as a compulsory course fundamental to the study and research of TCM.This book is compiled to allow the majority of readers to understand the theory of TCM and its methods of diagnosing and treating diseases in a relatively short period of time. It provides a brief introduction to the basic characteristics and theory of TCM, and a detailed schedule of learning commonly occurring diseases and patterns and their estimated 60 corresponding prescriptions. This is a great attempt in initiating more people to understand and apply the theory of TCM to diagnose and treat common diseases and provide corresponding formulas.
Since the first century, when Buddhism entered China, the foreign religion has influenced and been influenced in turn by traditional Chinese culture, and eventually became an important part of it. That is one of the great historical themes not only for China but also for East Asia. This book explores the elements of Buddhism, including its classics, doctrines, system, and rituals, to reveal the basic connotation of Buddhism as a cultural entity. Regarding the development of Buddhism in China, it traces the spread in chronological order, from the introduction in Han Dynasties (202 BC–220 AD), to the prosperity in the Sixteen Kingdoms (ca. 304–439 AD), and then to the decline since the Five Dynasties (907–ca. 960 AD). It is noteworthy that the Buddhist schools in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589 AD) and the Buddhist sects in Sui and Tang Dynasties (581–907 AD) contributed to the sinicization of Buddhism. This book also deals with the interesting question of the similarities and differences between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism, to examine the specific characters of the former in terms of thought and culture. In the last chapter, the external influence of Chinese Buddhism in East Asia is studied. Scholars and students in Buddhism and Chinese culture studies, especially those in Buddhist countries, will benefit from the book. Also, it will appeal to readers interested in religion, Chinese culture, and ancient Chinese history.
This book tests the model of civil-military dualism to explain People's Liberation Army's (PLA) political engagement and its loyalty to the party in Maoist China. It explores how the party maintained its control— through penetration of the armed forces or non-intervention and civilian control.
This book approaches the concept of geo-architecture by analyzing the symbolic characters of architectures. It proves that the relationship between architecture and geography is not merely an embodiment of physical and functional demands but rather a formal expression of the materialization of culture. After analyzing the vast number of villages, groups of buildings and individual buildings the forms of which closely resemble the forms of the Bagua (symbol of the Eight Trigrams), Taichi, animals and plants, this book finds that this kind of symbolism creatively places living and working places within the natural geographic environment and, by seeking a relationship between architecture and its surrounding environment, comes to express people’s hopes and dreams, evolving slowly to take on certain cultural connotations. This book is the fourth of a 4-volume book series. The series develops the innovative concept of “geo-architecture” by exploring the myriad influences of natural, human and historical factors upon architecture. These influences are considered in three categories, namely, interaction between architecture and nature, interaction between architecture and its human users and change in architecture over time--each category serves as a lens. Augmenting these lenses is the Time-Person-Place concept applied different geographic. The analysis ultimately focuses on two aspects: geographic influence on architecture and architectural response to geography. The over 1000 pictures of case architectures enriches the study with stunning and unique visual angles. "This unprecedented work will be a unique and valuable contribution to the literature. Integrating as it does the disciplines of architecture, landscape architecture, and geography, Wang Fang’s voice is original, compelling, and will be much appreciated by English-speaking readers (and inside China, too, I can only imagine.)"Stephen M Ervin Assistant Dean Graduate School of Design, Harvard University July 2nd, 2013 "One reason for why there would be interest is because her research would fill some significant gaps in the literature.What is novel about Dr. Wang’s series is that she further extends this intellectual project of looking at Chinese architecture through Chinese eyes, by taking it one provocative step further."Annette M. Kim Associate Professor Department of Urban Studies and Planning, M.I.T. July 1st, 2013
From the cross-disciplinary perspective of urban management and planning, geography and architecture, this book explores the theory and methods of urban memory, selecting Beijing's historic buildings, historic areas, central areas and city walls as research cases. It is divided into three parts: factors analysis, modeling and practical application. It lays a scientific foundation and provides practical methods for the management of historical spaces, residents’ and commercial activities, optimizing the layout and structure of the historic spaces, updating the protection of old buildings, promoting the organic growth of historic sites and the sustainable development of urbanization with new concepts.
Today 700 million Chinese citizens—more than fifty-four percent of the population—live in cities. The mass migration of rural populations to urban centers increased rapidly following economic reforms of the 1990s, and serious problems such as overcrowding, lack of health services, and substandard housing have arisen in these areas since. China's urban citizens have taken to the courts for redress and fought battles over failed urban renewal projects, denial of civil rights, corruption, and abuse of power. In Power versus Law in Modern China, Qiang Fang and Xiaobing Li examine four important legal cases that took place from 1995 to 2013 in the major cities of Wuhan, Xuzhou, Shanghai, and Chongqing. In these cases, citizens protested demolition of property, as well as corruption among city officials, developers, and landlords; but were repeatedly denied protection or compensation from the courts. Fang and Li explore how new interest groups comprised of entrepreneurs and Chinese graduates of Western universities have collaborated with the CCP-controlled local governments to create new power bases in cities. Drawing on newly available official sources, private collections, and interviews with Chinese administrators, judges, litigants, petitioners, and legal experts, this interdisciplinary analysis reveals the powerful and privileged will most likely continue to exploit the legal asymmetry that exists between the courts and citizens.
Silencing Shanghai investigates the paradoxical and counterintuitive contrast between Shanghai’s emergence as a global city and the marginalization of its native population, captured through the rapid decline of the distinctive Shanghai dialect. From this unique vantage point, Fang Xu tells a story of power relations in a cosmopolitan metropolis closely monitored and shaped by an authoritarian state through policies affecting urban redevelopment, internal migration, and language. These state policies favor the rich, the resourceful, and the highly educated, while alienate the poorer and less educated Shanghainese geographically and linguistically. When the state vigorously promotes Mandarin Chinese through legal and administrative means, Shanghainese made the conscious yet reluctant choice of shifting from the dialect to the national language. At the same time, millions of migrants have little incentive to adopt the vernacular given that their relation to the state has already firmly established their legal, financial, and social standing in the city. The recent shift in the urban linguistic scene that silences the Shanghai dialect is ultimately part of the state-led global city-building process. Through the association of the use of national language with realizing the "China Dream," the state further eliminates the unique vernacular characters of Shanghai.
This illustrated Chinese history book takes the reader on a visual journey of the most brilliant and significant segments of Chinese civilization over the course of five thousand years. As a cradle of human civilization, China has maintained its cohesion and cultural identity for thousands of years. With China's historical evolution as a backdrop, each section focuses on the outstanding achievements of the period it covers and sets out the long-established and profound cultural development of the Chinese nation.
The functional perspective on Chinese syntax has yielded various new achievements since its introduction to Chinese linguistics in the 1980s. This two-volume book is one of the earliest and most influential works to study the Chinese language using functional grammar. With local Beijing vernacular (Pekingese) as a basis, the information structure and focus structure of the Chinese language are systematically examined. By using written works and recordings from Beijingers, the authors discuss topics such as the relationship between word order and focus, and the distinction between normal focus and contrastive focus. In addition, the authors also subject the reference and grammatical categories of the Chinese language to a functional scrutiny while discussion of word classes and their functions creatively combines modern linguistic theories and traditional Chinese linguistic theories. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Chinese linguistics and linguistics in general.
This book focuses on recently developed crystal growth techniques to grow large and high quality superconducting single crystals. The techniques applied are traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) with infrared image furnace, Bridgeman, solution/flux and top seeded solution growth (TSSG) methods. The materials range from cuprates, cobaltates to pnictides including La2CuO4-based (LCO), YBa2Cu3O7-d (YBCO), Bi2Sr2Can−1CunO2n+4+δ (n=1,2,3) (BSCCO) to NaxCoO2. The modified Bridgman “cold finger” method is devoted to the pnictide system with the best quality (transition width DTc~0.5 K) with highest Tc~38.5 K of Ba0.68K0.32Fe2A2. The book presents various iron-based superconductors with different structures, such as 1111, 122, 111, 11 and 42622,10-3-8. Detailed single crystal growth methods (fluxes, Bridgman, floating zone), the associated procedures and their impact to crystal size and quality are presented. The book also describes the influence of doping on the structure and the electric, magnetic, and superconducting properties of these compounds in a comparative study of different growth methods. It describes particularly under-, optimal and over-doped with oxygen cuprates (LCO, YBCO and BSCCO) and hole/electron/isovalently doped parent compounds AFe2As2 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca) (122), chalcogenides AxFe2-ySe2(A = K, Rb, Cs) (122), and Fe1-dTe1-xSex (11). A review of the current growth technologies and future growth efforts handling volatile and poisonous components are also presented.
The 21st century is the start of an era where people are beginning to look at health and medical care from a different perspective. Understanding the conventional pattern of medical treatment alone has ceased to meet the ever-growing demands of social development, and hence, the trend of exploiting natural therapies has gradually emerged.Besides turning to Chinese medicine as an option for treatment, increasingly, the principles and practices used in this field have been garnering more interest. This is exactly the reason why this book is compiled. It is our hope that the contents can be of help to the readers to not only understand, but suitably apply Chinese medicine in practice, and thus benefit their health.
The 21st century is the start of an era where people are beginning to look at health and medical care from a different perspective. Understanding the conventional pattern of medical treatment alone has ceased to meet the ever-growing demands of social development, and hence, the trend of exploiting natural therapies has gradually emerged.Besides turning to Chinese medicine as an option for treatment, increasingly, the principles and practices used in this field have been garnering more interest. This is exactly the reason why this book is compiled. It is our hope that the contents can be of help to the readers to not only understand, but suitably apply Chinese medicine in practice, and thus benefit their health.
In this book, the authors present their theoretical, experimental and numerical investigations into concrete structures subjected to projectile and aircraft impacts in recent years. Innovative approaches to analyze the rigid, mass abrasive and eroding projectile penetration and perforation are proposed. Damage and failure analyses of nuclear power plant containments impacted by large commercial aircrafts are numerically and experimentally analyzed. Ultra-high performance concrete materials and structures against the projectile impact are developed and their capacities of resisting projectile impact are evaluated. This book is written for the researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of protective structures and terminal ballistics.
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