The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of international standards for all the principal foods, whether processed, semi-processed or raw, including provisions regarding food hygiene, nutritional quality, food additives, pesticide residues and labelling issues. This volume contains all the Codex Standards and the Code of Practice adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in regard to fats and oils. It takes into account those texts adopted at the 24th session of the Commission in July 2001.
The Codex Alimentarius presents adopted international food standards in a uniform manner. The full set, when complete, will comprise 14 volumes. Of these, nine will present standards and codes of practices compiled on a commodity-by-commodity basis, and two will deal with residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs in foods. Other volumes will contain information on acceptances of standards, as well as methods of analysis and sampling. Print editions are available in English, French, and Spanish. The title is also available as a tri-lingual CD-ROM.
This technical summary prepared by FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports on the two international food safety conferences held in Addis Ababa and Geneva in February and April 2019. It recalls the key actions and strategies presented to address current and future challenges to food safety globally and the steps required to strengthen commitment at the highest political level to scale up food safety in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. At a pivotal moment focussing international attention on actions needed to bolster food safety, this publication recalls the priorities discussed so that food safety strategies and approaches can be aligned across sectors and borders, reinforcing efforts to reach the Sustainable Development Goals and supporting the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition.
Agricultural Value Chain Finance Innovations and Lessons: Case Studies in Africa documents key aspects and lessons from selected best practice cases for training and learning. Using site visits to document the information, the 22 practical case studies and examples were developed across Africa to portray a diverse set of experiences that address different aspects of applying agricultural financing using a value chain approach. The cases are of varied length and complexity. Eighteen short case studies for use in time-constrained workshop settings are presented and together with four longer, highlight cases, which deal with more complex arrangements and business models. The longer ones are best for self-learning and for university and trainings when there is sufficient time for deeper analysis. The best practice cases presented represent a) diverse business models, b) risk mitigation tools and approaches for value chains and their financing, c) investment fund applications, d) digital applications, e) women’s value chain financing and f) policy issues along with three user-case scenarios. The document is organized with an introduction of the cases, a synthesis of the learning, presentation of each of the cases and summary tables for comparisons among them. Training facilitators can use the document as a whole or selectively use cases to fit their specific training needs. The document is meant to be a living document, with updates of cases and the expansion of the models and tools to fit the context of their application in diverse value chain and country settings.
The Codex Alimentarius (Latin, meaning Food Law or Code) is a collection of internationally adopted food standards. Food labeling is the primary means of communication between the producer and seller of food on one hand, and the purchaser and consumer of the other. These guidelines have been prepared for the purpose of providing an agreed approach to the requirements which underpin production of, and the labeling and claims for, organically produced foods.
Food Outlook analyses trends and developments in the markets for cereals, the oilseeds complex, sugar, meat, dairy and fish products. The November edition also offers a detailed analysis of the cassava markets and the protracted decline in international coffee prices. An additional feature article analyses the recent conditions in the global markets for bananas and major tropical fruits, where world trade is foreseen to surge by 18 percent from last year. The outlook for global supplies of agricultural commodities in the 2018/19 marketing season remains broadly in line with earlier expectations. While the weather had some impact on crop prospects, the overall production at global level did not change significantly from the forecasts published in the July issue of Food Outlook. Beyond weather-induced revisions, the latest FAO revisions take into consideration the mounting uncertainties regarding trade policies, as well as the changes in exchange rates and rising energy prices.
Conducting tablet-based field data collection with CSPro is a joint initiative of the Asian Development Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to support national statistics offices and line ministries to develop human capacities to conduct tablet-based field data collections for official statistics in the Asia and Pacific region for more robust, accurate and timely data. The adoption of tablet-based data collection methods, also referred to as Computer-assisted Personal Interviewing, is part of an overarching development in official statistics to adopt new cost-effective technologies to move from traditional pen-and-paper questionnaires to more cost-efficient, high quality and timely methods using electronic devices. This Handbook seeks to support this transition by providing step-by-step instruction and guidance to develop, test and run Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing field data collection using one of the free software’s currently available on the market – CSPro.
The Jordan River Basin is the most important water resource shared between the Middle East countries: Israel, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan. Its surface water and groundwater have been highly exploited and fought over throughout history. The diverse climate over its area results in spatially variable precipitation and evapotranspiration, thus, variability of water generation and consumption. To be able to manage the water resources in a sustainable manner, it is important to understand the current state of the water resources. However with limited up-to-date ground observations, in terms of duration, completeness and quality of the hydro-meteorological records it is difficult to draw an appropriate picture of the water resources conditions. The Water Accounting Plus (WA+) system designed by IHE Delft with its partners FAO and IWMI has been applied to gain full insights into the state of the water resources in the basin.
This publication sets out the discussions of the Committee's 67th meeting, including i) the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessments of intake of food additives (in particular, flavouring agents) and contaminants; ii) evaluations of technical, toxicological and intake data for certain food additives (annatto extracts, natamycin, propyl paraben, synthetic lycopene and lycopene from Blakeslea trispora, and quillaia extract type 2) and food contaminants (aluminium, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and methylmercury); and iii) revised specifications for the following food additives: carob bean gum, guar gum, titanium dioxide and zeaxanthin.
This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives and contaminants and to prepare specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a brief description of general considerations addressed at the meeting including updates on matters of interest to the work of the Committee. A summary follows of the Committee’s evaluations of technical toxicological and/or dietary exposure data for seven food additives (benzoates; lipase from Fusarium heterosporum expressed in Ogataea polymorpha; magnesium stearate; maltotetraohydrolase from Pseudomonas stutzeri expressed in Bacillus licheniformis; mixed B-glucanase cellulase and xylanase from Rasamsonia emersonii; mixed B-glucanase and xylanase from Disporotrichum dimorphosporum; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) – polyethylene glycol (PEG) graft copolymer) and two groups of contaminants (non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and pyrrolizidine alkaloids). Specifications for the following food additives were revised or withdrawn: advantame; annatto extracts (solvent-extracted bixin and solvent-extracted norbixin); food additives containing aluminium and/or silicon (aluminium silicate; calcium aluminium silicate; calcium silicate; silicon dioxide amorphous; sodium aluminium silicate); and glycerol ester of gum rosin. Annexed to the report are tables or text summarizing the toxicological and dietary exposure information and information on specifications as well as the Committee’s recommendations on the food additives and contaminants considered at this meeting.
This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives including flavouring agents and to prepare specifications for identity and purity. The first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives including flavouring agents. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical toxicological and dietary exposure data for eight food additives (Benzoe tonkinensis; carrageenan; citric and fatty acid esters of glycerol; gardenia yellow; lutein esters from Tagetes erecta; octenyl succinic acid-modified gum arabic; octenyl succinic acid-modified starch; paprika extract; and pectin) and eight groups of flavouring agents (aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons; aliphatic and aromatic ethers; ionones and structurally related substances; miscellaneous nitrogen-containing substances; monocyclic and bicyclic secondary alcohols ketones and related esters; phenol and phenol derivatives; phenyl-substituted aliphatic alcohols and related aldehydes and esters; and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds). Specifications for the following food additives were revised: citric acid; gellan gum; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate; potassium aluminium silicate; and Quillaia extract (Type 2). Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for dietary exposures to and toxicological evaluations of all of the food additives and flavouring agents considered at this meeting.
Understanding Codex, now in its 5th edition, is a useful tool to introduce the Codex Alimentarius and its collection of international food standards to the public. The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of international food standards adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission that cover all the main foods as well as material used in the further processing of food. Codex provisions concern the hygienic and nutritional quality of food, including microbiological norms, food additives, pesticides and veterinary drug residues, contaminants, labelling and presentation, and methods of sampling and risk analysis. The Codex Alimentarius can safely claim to be the most important international reference point in matters concerning food quality. It plays an important role for food-related scientific research and in increasing awareness of the vital issues at stake regarding food quality, safety and public health.
This publication provides information on the identity and purity of certain food additives and flavouring agents. The specifications have three main objectives: to identify the substance that has been subject to biological testing; to ensure that the substance is of the quality required for safe use in food; and to reflect and encourage good manufacturing practice. This document is one of three publications prepared by the 59th session of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), held in Geneva in June 2002 to discuss food additives and contaminants in food.
This report represents the conclusions of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavoring agents with a view to recommending acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. The Committee also evaluated the risk posed by two food contaminants with the aim of advising on risk management options for the purpose of public health protection. Annexed to the report are tables summarizing the Committee's recommendations for intakes and toxicological evaluations of the food additives and contaminants considered.
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