Equity can be defined as the use of a more flexible, morally judgmental, and subjective mode of legal decision making that roughly corresponds with historical equity. This Element presents a simple contracting model that captures the role of equity as a safety valve, and shows how it can solve problems posed by opportunists–agents with unusual willingness and ability to take advantage of necessary imperfections in the law. In this model, a simple but imperfect formal legal regime is able to achieve first best in the absence of opportunists. But when opportunists are added, a more flexible regime (equity), can be preferred. However, equity is also vulnerable to being used opportunistically by the parties it intends to protect. Hence, the Element shows that it is often preferable to limit equity, reserving it for use only against those who appear sufficiently likely to be opportunists.
How did Jews perceive the first Christians? By what means did they come to appreciate Christianity as a religion distinct from their own? In The Christian Schism in Jewish History and Jewish Memory, Professor Joshua Ezra Burns addresses those questions by describing the birth of Christianity as a function of the Jewish past. Surveying a range of ancient evidences, he examines how the authors of Judaism's earliest surviving memories of Christianity speak to the perspectives of rabbinic observers who were conditioned by the unique circumstances of their encounters with Christianity to recognize its adherents as fellow Jews. Only upon the decline of the Church's Jewish demographic were their successors compelled to see Christianity as something other than a variation of Jewish cultural expression. The evolution of thought in the classical Jewish literary record thus offers a dynamic account of Christianity's separation from Judaism counterbalancing the abrupt schism attested in contemporary Christian texts.
This book suggests some of the ways in which levels of development shape public sector reform and privatization in developed and developing countries, showing that conservative as well as socialist governments were committed to increasing the state's guiding role in the political economy.
Collecting in full for the first time the correspondence between Ezra Pound and members of Leo Frobenius' Forschungsinstitut für Kulturmorphologie in Frankfurt across a 30 year period, this book sheds new light on an important but previously unexplored influence on Pound's controversial intellectual development in the Fascist era. Ezra Pound's long-term interest in anthropology and ethnography exerted a profound influence on early 20th century literary Modernism. These letters reveal the extent of the influence of Frobenius' concept of 'Paideuma' on Pound's poetic and political writings during this period and his growing engagement with the culture of Nazi Germany. Annotated throughout, the letters are supported by contextualising essays by leading Modernist scholars as well as relevant contemporary published articles by Pound himself and his leading correspondent at the Institute, the American Douglas C. Fox.
Secrets aren’t made for the shadows. They’re made for full-color comic panels. Former Coat Warden and now-reclusive comic book artist David Felman has a secret, one he’s poised to reveal to the world—if only he can dot the i’s, cross the t’s, and shade the last few claws. David’s time on dragon back has him perfectly situated to reveal some of the horrors the government would rather the public not know about their dealings with the winged creatures. Jade Atallah has always wanted one thing: to do her family proud by becoming a Coat Warden. Having passed all the tests and made it into the elite Blacking Program, paired with her black-scaled dragon Night Armor, she thinks she’s done just that. But when her assignment to tail a certain artist results in gaining unsavory knowledge about the program she works for, everything she knows is called into question. With the fate of her own dragon hanging in the balance, along with the many others who are part of the Blackwing Program, Jade must team up with David to make sure the truth comes to light. And they must do so quickly, before the government manages to silence them for good. *** It's the Roaring Twenties—speakeasies are around every corner, jazz is burning up Harlem, and the dragon population is booming. But it's a lonely job for the brave Coat Wardens who patrol the skies of the Eastern Americas, as love is even harder to hold on to than the dragons they fly…
In A Nation Within, Ezra Rosser explores the connection between land-use patterns and development in the Navajo Nation. Roughly the size of Ireland or West Virginia, the Navajo reservation has seen successive waves of natural resource-based development over the last century: grazing and over-grazing, oil and gas, uranium, and coal; yet Navajos continue to suffer from high levels of unemployment and poverty. Rosser shows the connection between the exploitation of these resources and the growth of the tribal government before turning to contemporary land use and development challenges. He argues that, in addition to the political challenges associated with any significant change, external pressures and internal corruption have made it difficult for the tribe to implement land reforms that could help provide space for economic development that would benefit the Navajo Nation and Navajo tribal members.
The brain is not a glorified digital computer. It does not store information in registers, and it does not mathematically transform mental representations to establish perception or behavior. The brain cannot be downloaded to a computer to provide immortality, nor can it destroy the world by having its emerged consciousness traveling in cyberspace. However, studying the brain's core computation architecture can inspire scientists, computer architects, and algorithm designers to think fundamentally differently about their craft. Neuromorphic engineers have the ultimate goal of realizing machines with some aspects of cognitive intelligence. They aspire to design computing architectures that could surpass existing digital von Neumann-based computing architectures' performance. In that sense, brain research bears the promise of a new computing paradigm. As part of a complete cognitive hardware and software ecosystem, neuromorphic engineering opens new frontiers for neuro-robotics, artificial intelligence, and supercomputing applications. This book will present neuromorphic engineering from three perspectives: the scientist, the computer architect, and the algorithm designer. We will zoom in and out of the different disciplines, allowing readers with diverse backgrounds to understand and appreciate the field. Overall, the book will cover the basics of neuronal modeling, neuromorphic circuits, neural architectures, event-based communication, and the neural engineering framework. Readers will have the opportunity to understand the different views over the inherently multidisciplinary field of neuromorphic engineering.
This collection of never-before-published correspondence between Pound and Agresti, begun in 1937 and continuing through Pound's incarceration at St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, D.C.--where he was found mentally unfit to stand trial for treason--reveals the depth and breadth of his many virulent views against the politics of the Second World War. Photos.
Bureaucracy is a much-maligned feature of contemporary government. And yet the aftermath of September 11 has opened the door to a reassessment of the role of a skilled civil service in the survival and viability of democratic society. Here, Ezra Suleiman offers a timely and powerful corrective to the widespread view that bureaucracy is the source of democracy's ills. This is a book as much about good governance as it is about bureaucratic organizations. Suleiman asks: Is democratic governance hindered without an effective instrument in the hands of the legitimately elected political leadership? Is a professional bureaucracy required for developing but not for maintaining a democratic state? Why has a reform movement arisen in recent years championing the gradual dismantling of bureaucracy, and what are the consequences? Suleiman undertakes a comparative analysis of the drive toward a civil service grounded in the New Public Management. He argues that "government reinvention" has limited bureaucracy's capacity to adequately serve the public good. All bureaucracies have been under political pressure in recent years to reduce not only their size but also their effectiveness, and all have experienced growing deprofessionalism and politicization. He compares the impact of this evolution in both democratic societies and societies struggling to consolidate democratic institutions. Dismantling Democratic States cautions that our failure to acknowledge the role of an effective bureaucracy in building and preserving democratic political systems threatens the survival of democracy itself.
Structured Strategic Partnerships allow organizations to grow and achieve greater success through partnerships and alliances. This book describes practical ways to add structure to choosing the right partners, rolling-out new partnerships and managing existing partnerships and alliances. All types of businesses are seeking to develop partnerships to accelerate growth and create value. If done properly, these partnerships can lead to success. Too often, partnerships are sensible from a value perspective but the lack of organization in carrying them out leads to lackluster results. Structure is a key ingredient in making partnerships work. Structured Strategic Partnerships is a book that describes many real ways to enhance partnership programs, save time and realize goals. With added structure, the success of partnerships will increase and the bottom line will be improved. Included in the book are checklists and examples that can be used to add structure to both new and existing partnerships.
Searching for the causes of mental disorders is as exciting as it it complex. The relationship between pathophysiology and its overt manifestations is exceedingly intricate, and often the causes of a disorder are elusive at best. This book is an invaluable resource for anyone trying to track these causes, whether they be clinical researchers, public health practitioners, or psychiatric epidemiologists-in-training. Uniting theory and practice in very clear language, it makes a wonderful contribution to both epidemiologic and psychiatric research. Rather than attempting to review the descriptive epidemiology of mental disorders, this book gives much more dynamic exposition of the thinking and techniques used to establish it. Starting out by tracing the brief history of psychiatric epidemiology, the book describes the study of risk factors as causes of mental disorders. Subsequent sections discuss approaches to investigation of biologic, genetic, or social causes and the statistical analysis of study results. The book concludes by following some of the problems involved in the search for genetic causes of mental disorders, and more complex casual relationships.
... a carefully crafted and important book... a first-class contribution to the literature on modern Europe." --American Historical Review "... valuable... the first historical work to attempt a 'synthetic sketch' of the problems indicated in the title." --Journal of Polish Jewish Studies An illuminating study of the demographic, cultural, and socioeconomic condition of East Central European Jewry, the book focuses on the internal life of Jewish communities in the region and on the relationships between Jews and gentiles in a nationalist environment.
ONE OF BARACK OBAMA’S FAVORITE BOOKS OF 2022 One of Bill Gates’s “5 books to read this summer,” this New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller shows us that America’s political system isn’t broken. The truth is scarier: it’s working exactly as designed. In this “superbly researched” (The Washington Post) and timely book, journalist Ezra Klein reveals how that system is polarizing us—and how we are polarizing it—with disastrous results. “The American political system—which includes everyone from voters to journalists to the president—is full of rational actors making rational decisions given the incentives they face,” writes political analyst Ezra Klein. “We are a collection of functional parts whose efforts combine into a dysfunctional whole.” “A thoughtful, clear and persuasive analysis” (The New York Times Book Review), Why We’re Polarized reveals the structural and psychological forces behind America’s descent into division and dysfunction. Neither a polemic nor a lament, this book offers a clear framework for understanding everything from Trump’s rise to the Democratic Party’s leftward shift to the politicization of everyday culture. America is polarized, first and foremost, by identity. Everyone engaged in American politics is engaged, at some level, in identity politics. Over the past fifty years in America, our partisan identities have merged with our racial, religious, geographic, ideological, and cultural identities. These merged identities have attained a weight that is breaking much in our politics and tearing at the bonds that hold this country together. Klein shows how and why American politics polarized around identity in the 20th century, and what that polarization did to the way we see the world and one another. And he traces the feedback loops between polarized political identities and polarized political institutions that are driving our system toward crisis. “Well worth reading” (New York magazine), this is an “eye-opening” (O, The Oprah Magazine) book that will change how you look at politics—and perhaps at yourself.
It started with a festival - three classic operas performed in a theatre in Toronto. But when it became apparent that there was a need for a national opera company, an organization was founded that would go on to become one of the largest performing arts organizations in the country. The Canadian Opera Company was born in 1950, and is now one of the major opera companies in North America. The Company has toured extensively throughout Canada and the United States, and has delighted audiences as far away as Australia and Hong Kong, all the while finding the time to record frequently and develop special operatic presentations for children. More than just a group of performers, the COC also provides a training program for young professional singers, and a series of commissions of new works from both up-and-coming and established composers. Opera Viva is a history of the Company, but it is more than that: it is also a history of Canada's cultural growth in the second half of the twentieth century, a time when the Canadian Opera Company became central to Canada's musical life. As the story of the Company unfolds, the figures and personalities that were integral to the building of this landmark of Canadian culture are brought to life.
Four case studies, all revisions of papers originally prepared for a seminar on Chinese Communist society held in the spring of 1970 at the East Asian Research Center, Harvard University.
Ezra Pound (1885-1972) is widely remembered not only as one of the most influential voices in twentieth-century literary modernism, but also for his notorious anti-Semitic writings and radio broadcasts that supported Mussolini's Italian Fascist regime. His ideological turn from poetics and aestheticism to extremist economics and politics has long been an area of controversy within literary studies.One Must Not Go Altogether with the Tidecollects the letters between Pound and London publisher Stanley Nott (1887-1978) to open a door to Pound's thinking and publications during the 1930s. Nott, who publishedJefferson and/or Mussolini(1935), was an interested and encouraging interlocutor for a poet seeking re-invention as an economist and political commentator - someone who sustained Pound as he swam against the tide. Pound's close involvement with his publisher illuminates an important episode in literary modernism as well as For The study of print culture in the interwar period. This edition of the letters retains Pound's idiosyncratic epistolary idiom and analyzes letter-writing as a genre critical to Pound's intellectual and cultural project, capturing Pound as a collaborator at work.
The Spatial Language of Time presents a crosslinguistically valid state-of-the-art analysis of space-to-time metaphors, using data mostly from English and Wolof (Africa) but additionally from Japanese and other languages. Metaphors are analyzed in terms of their most direct motivation by basic human experiences (Grady 1997a; Lakoff & Johnson 1980). This motivation explains the crosslinguistic appearance of certain metaphors, but does not say anything about temporal metaphor systems that deviate from the types documented here. Indeed, we observe interesting culture- and language-specific metaphor phenomena. Refining earlier treatments of temporal metaphor and adapting to temporal experience Levinson’s (2003) idea of frames of reference, the author proposes a contrast between perspective-neutral and perspective-specific frames of reference in temporal metaphor that has important crosslinguistic ramifications for the temporal semantics of FRONT/BEHIND expressions. This book refines the cognitive-linguistic approach to temporal metaphor by analyzing the extensive temporal structure in what has been considered the source domain of space, and showing how temporal metaphors can be better understood by downplaying the space-time dichotomy and analyzing metaphor structure in terms of conceptual frames. This book is of interest to linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, philosophers, and others who may have wondered about relationships between space and time.
Modeled after Ezra J. Warner's two earlier books, Generals in Gray and Generals in Blue, the volume contains an introduction describing the makeup of the Confederate Congress, biographical sketches of the congressmen, and a substantial bibliography. Each biographical sketch includes the place and date of birth, family background, education, means of livelihood, politics, public service record, and degree of financial and political success of each congressman by 1860. The authors describe each individual's participation in (or his opposition to) secession and detail the circumstances of his election to the Confederate Congress. A prominent section of each sketch is devoted to each man's activities in the Congress: his position on the major issues before Congress, his chief interest and the measures he sponsored, and the reason he left the Congress. Then, the authors attempt to pick up the lives of each congressman after the Civil War. The sketches include the place and date of death of each man, as well as the place of burial. Anyone interested in Civil War history will find Biographical Register of the Confederate Congress an indispensable reference.
Opening Windows / True Tales from the Mad, Mad, Mad World of Opera / Lois Marshall / John Arpin / Elmer Iseler / Jan Rubes / Music Makers / There's Music in These Walls / In Their Own Words / Emma Albani / Opera Viva / MacMillan on Music
Opening Windows / True Tales from the Mad, Mad, Mad World of Opera / Lois Marshall / John Arpin / Elmer Iseler / Jan Rubes / Music Makers / There's Music in These Walls / In Their Own Words / Emma Albani / Opera Viva / MacMillan on Music
This special twelve-book bundle is a classical and choral music lover’s delight! Canada’s rich history and culture in the classical music arts is celebrated here, both in the form of in-depth biographies and autobiographies (Lois Marshall, Lotfi Mansouri, Elmer Iseler, Emma Albani and more), but also in honour of musical places (There’s Music in These Walls, a history of the Royal Conservatory of Music; In Their Own Words, a celebration of Canada’s choirs; and Opera Viva, a history of the Canadian Opera Company). Canada plays an important role in the promotion and performance of art music, and you can learn all about it in these fine books. Includes Opening Windows True Tales from the Mad, Mad, Mad World of Opera Lois Marshall John Arpin Elmer Iseler Jan Rubes Music Makers There’s Music in These Walls In Their Own Words Emma Albani Opera Viva MacMillan on Music
Poverty Law, Policy, and Practice is organized around an overview and history of federal policies, significant poverty law cases, and major government antipoverty programs—welfare, housing, health, legal aid, etc.--which map onto important theoretical, doctrinal, policy, and practice questions. The book includes academic debates about the nature and causes of poverty as well as various texts that help illuminate the struggles faced by poor people. Throughout, it contains reading selections highlighting different perspectives on whether poverty is primarily caused by individual actions, structural constraints, or a mix of both. Readers will come away from the book with both a sense of the legal and policy challenges that confront antipoverty efforts, and with an understanding of the trade-offs inherent in different government approaches to dealing with poverty. New to the Second Edition: Updated coverage of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) Updated coverage of criminalization of poverty and efforts to decriminalize poverty Additional content for every chapter, with an emphasis on new cases, data, and sources Professors and students will benefit from: Three beginning chapters of general background on poverty numbers (data), social welfare (policy) and constitutional law (doctrine), followed by substantive chapters that can be selected based on professor interest, which makes the book easy to use even for 2-credit classes Emerging topics at the intersection of criminal law and poverty, markets and poverty, and human rights and poverty, in addition to traditional poverty law topics An author team with a combined experience of more than 100 years of teaching and practicing poverty law Highlights throughout the text to the racial and gendered history and nature of poverty in America An emphasis on presenting the most important topics accessibly, with careful editing and selection of excerpts to make the most of student and professor time A mix in every chapter of theory, program details, advocacy strategies, and the experiences of poor people
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