The continuing crisis in Ukraine means that the EU's relationship with Russia has reached a critical juncture, and that the EU and its Member States need fundamentally to reassess it. In this report, the Committee considers the factors that have contributed to the decline in the EU-Russia relationship, attempt to draw lessons for the future, and consider how the EU and its Member States should respond to a changed geopolitical landscape. The Committee also asks how the EU and Member States should engage with Russia in the future, based on a sober assessment of the Russia that exists today. The majority of the evidence was received between July and December 2014, and the Committee wrote this report in January and February 2015. The Committee's purpose has not been to analyse events in Ukraine as they unfold but rather to consider the causes of the conflict and the implications that go beyond the immediate crisis.
In 1997, a group of experts was asked by the European Committee for Social Cohesion to carry out a detailed study, in order to identify projects throughout Europe which were examples of good practice regarding the development of urban social policies. The group, called the Group of Specialists on Innovatory Social Policies in the City (PS-S-INNO), included representatives of national, regional and local administrative bodies, as well as academics. This first volume of the publication is in two sections: the first part considers the challenges of innovatory social policies in the city environment; the second part contains an analysis of the projects submitted and explains the methodology used. Recommendations made include: the role of local authorities should be strengthened, as part of a bottom-up approach to local initiatives and innovatory projects; central and federal authorities must be better equipped to function as catalysts; and that networks for inter-project and inter-city co-operation should be established.
The essays in this compilation were originally presented at the ELF and LYMEC workshop "Defending Europe - The military future of our continent" and the final versions in this compilation draw on discussions during the event. It is worth noting, that the workshop was organised the week before the Brussels attacks in March 2016, and even though the authors were given the possibility to finalise their papers after the event most participants chose to simply include the information and new insights gained during the event, not in the aftermath of the attacks. During the months that have passed since the event the discussion on a common European defence has gotten more attention and is now a common topic on the agenda in the European institutions. This publication is therefore more timely than ever, and will hopefully provide insight to how young liberals in Europe view the topic.
The banking crisis in 2008 triggered a crisis of confidence in the financial health of Member States of the euro area. The effect of the crisis across the EU demonstrated the interconnection between the banking sector and public finances. In response the European Commission has put forward a series of legislative proposals that would monitor and coordinate more closely economic policies between Member States. The proposals focus on two elements: fiscal discipline and macroeconomic stability. This report says that attempts to keep the euro area stable will fail unless EU Member States stick to the rules. The Committee is sceptical that Member States will sustain the necessary political will to do so. It says that controversial proposals for a Pact for the Euro risk developing a 'two-speed' Europe, creating a significant distinction in the single market between those states inside the pact and those outside. It warns that reassurances by the UK and several other Member States that the private sector would sustain no losses on sovereign debt issued before 2013 might prove too heavy a burden for taxpayers in countries such as Greece and Ireland to sustain. The Committee recommends that the private sector share the burden of restructuring sovereign debt after the new permanent crisis mechanism comes into force after 2013. The Committee warns that proposals to monitor and correct macroeconomic imbalances must not result in corrective recommendations being issued which could hurt Member States' global competitiveness. This is particularly true for those countries with a current account surplus
The relationship between the European Union and Russia has been going through a difficult phase with disputes over energy supplies, foreign policy issues, and tension between Russia and individual Member States. The change of presidency in Russia provides an opportunity to take stock and to consider whether this deterioration can and should be reversed. Russian politicians emphasise the importance of the relationship. This report discusses how the relationship might be developed in practice. The report examines Russia as a European country, its recent history, and the current economic situation in Russia. It then considers the institutional framework for Russia-EU relations, including the Partnership and Co-operation Agreement. The Committee believes closer co-operation should be fostered in several areas of common interest: economic, freedom, security and justice, research and education and culture. Energy is an important subject: there are concerns about whether Russia can supply sufficient gas and oil to meet its current and foreseeable domestic demand and international commitments. The security of energy supply to the EU is vital. The Russian view of international security issues is also very different from that of the West, and developments in the near neighbourhood of Russia are a very sensitive geopolitical area. Russian support for Serbia is contrasted with their co-operation on Iran. The two sides work together usefully on the Middle East, terrorism, non-proliferation, and other issues. The EU should continue and strengthen its efforts to reach common ground with the Russians on such international issues, but should also speak out if the Russian government falls short of the standards it has formally accepted in a number of international agreements.
Food systems are intimately linked to our lives – through the food we eat, our nutrition and health, our livelihoods, jobs, and the environment and natural resources of the planet. The main challenge for food systems is to produce nutritious food for all while preserving our biodiversity and environment and ensuring equitable distribution of wealth. This Food Systems Profile provides a summary of the main food system issues in The Gambia and highlights potential solutions for their sustainable and inclusive transformation. It is the result of a systemic analysis and stakeholders consultation that was part of a global assessment of food systems in over 50 countries, following a joint initiative by the EU, FAO, and CIRAD which aims at catalyzing the sustainable and inclusive transformation of food systems.
The Food System Profile provides a summary of the main food system issues in Zambia and highlights potential solutions for their sustainable and inclusive transformation. It is the result of a systemic analysis and stakeholders consultation that was part of a large-scale assessment supported by the European Union, FAO and CIRAD in 50 countries.
Food systems are intimately linked to our lives – through the food we eat, our nutrition and health, our livelihoods, jobs, and the environment and natural resources of the planet. The main challenge for food systems is to produce nutritious food for all while preserving our biodiversity and environment and ensuring equitable distribution of wealth. This Food Systems Profile provides a summary of the main food system issues in Mozambique and highlights potential solutions for their sustainable and inclusive transformation. It is the result of a systemic analysis and stakeholders consultation that was part of a global assessment of food systems in over 50 countries, following a joint initiative by the EU, FAO and CIRAD which aims at catalyzing the sustainable and inclusive transformation of food systems.
Wind power is often held up as the most accessible and cost-effective route to reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and improving our energy independence, yet knowledge of what it offers is often clouded by myths and misunderstandings, which can hamper its adoption. This new book, the result of an ambitious project coordinated by the European Wind Energy Association, aims to present the facts about wind energy. It includes six sections discussing: technology grid integration economics of wind its industry and markets its environmental impacts the scenarios and targets for wind energy. Contributions are drawn from nine leading research bodies across Europe, and the material is global in its scope. It is therefore an essential resource and reference for those whose work or study demands an in-depth examination of the subject, and for anyone who wants detailed, accurate and up-to-date information on this key energy source.
The Eurozone has exited recession and there are positive indications of progress in countries such as Ireland, Portugal and Spain; but the report Euro Area Crisis: An Update (HL 163) concludes that the Eurozone remains weak and vulnerable. Despite some countries showing signs of recovery, the report finds that fundamental weaknesses still exist such as: poor growth; huge differences in prosperity between Member States destructively high levels of unemployment; and growing fears of a deflationary spiral. These weaknesses leave the Eurozone extremely vulnerable to future shocks. The Committee also repeats its warning to the Government that the UK is becoming increasingly isolated as the euro area knits closer together. In order to ensure the UK's interests are effectively promoted, the Government and the Bank of England should maintain and develop constructive relationships with the increasingly
On 23 June 2016 the people of the United Kingdom will decide whether the country should remain in or leave the European Union. This referendum will be, in the words of the Prime Minister, a "huge decision for our country, perhaps the biggest we will make in our lifetimes". The Government's confirmation that an in/out referendum would be held in June followed intense negotiations with the other 27 Member States and the EU institutions. These culminated in the European Council's agreement, on 19 February 2016, to a "new settlement for the United Kingdom within the European Union". The Government was clear throughout the negotiations that its support for continuing EU membership would depend upon reaching a successful outcome. Yet the referendum question makes no reference to either the negotiations or the "new settlement". In this report we explore the linkage between the negotiations, the "new settlement", and the more fundamental, once-in-a-generation decision that awaits the electorate on 23 June. We trace the origins of the Government's negotiating objectives, and consider the degree to which they reflect a consensus within and across the United Kingdom on the advantages and drawbacks of EU membership
In the media law field, we are all confronted more and more frequently with the term horizontal regulation. What exactly is meant though by horizontal regulation? Does it already exist in the audiovisual field, particularly in EC law, and, if so, how does it work? What are its limitations? This edition provides some answers to these questions. In five articles, it describes "horizontal" rules in five different subject areas and compares and analyzes them.--Publisher's description.
The EU Economic and Financial Affairs and International Trade Sub-Committee's inquiry into the credit rating agencies' influence on the EU's sovereign debt crisis concludes that their role in the 2008 banking collapse, which was rightly criticised, should not colour assessments of their decisions on EU sovereign debt. The agencies have caused controversy each time they downgraded further the sovereign debt ratings of Greece, Ireland and Portugal. But the Committee says the downgrades reflect the seriousness of the problems in some Member States. The valid charge against the ratings agencies is not that they precipitated or exacerbated the euro area crisis, but rather that they failed to identify risks in some Member States which, in some cases, had been building for many years. Recommendations include: market investors must take responsibility for their own decisions and should not follow the agencies blindly as the basis for investment decisions; EU Governments should focus on correcting the flawed market structures which give undue weight to the rating agencies' opinions; credit rating agencies must learn from their failure to identify mounting risks in some euro area Member States; the European Commission should not press forward with proposals to establish a publicly funded European credit rating agency, but should consider launching a thorough competition inquiry into the credit rating industry; proposals to give sovereigns more advance warning of rating changes are flawed.
The European Commission want to set up a European Institute for Gender Equality to collect and analyse data, carry out research and promote exchanges of information and good practice about gender issues in the EU. The European Union Committee expresses the view that a separate body of this kind is not needed, and that more consideration should be given to the case for incorporating gender equality work in the proposed European Fundamental Rights Agency. The Committee also states that the establishment of such a body requires a good management structure along with adequate funding. The Committee further states that the Government should take a clear and consistent line on the correct legal base for this and similar proposals.
The health care system in Canada is much-touted in the international sphere, but often overlooked when it comes to an examination of its actual administration and regulation. Health Systems in Transition: Canada provides an objective description and analysis of the public, private, and mixed components that make up health care in Canada today. Published in co-operation with the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe on behalf of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, Gregory P. Marchildon's study offers a statistical and visual description of the many facets of Canadian health care financing, administration, and service delivery. This study's most distinctive feature is a comparative description and analysis. For international comparison, five other countries have been selected: The United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, and Sweden. Because public health care administration and delivery is highly decentralized in Canada, Marchildon also analyzes the important health status and health care features within Canada by province and territory, and describes in some detail the unique constitutional, jurisdictional, and financial features of the Canadian system. Balancing careful assessment, summary, and illustration, Health Systems in Transition: Canada is a thorough and illuminating look at one of the nation's most complex institutions.
Timeshare is popular, especially amongst UK consumers, but the sector has often caused problems. The European Communities removed many of the worst excesses with its 1994 Directive, which introduced a right of withdrawal, a cooling-off period, and a ban on advance payments during the cooling-off period. However there are loopholes that have been exploited by the unscrupulous and complaints about long term holiday clubs have grown dramatically. The Commission is seeking to address these problems with proposals for a broader directive. This report considers that directive's strengths and weaknesses.
The Committee warn that the European Council and Member States cannot afford to ignore the enlargement agenda. The report considers the impact of EU enlargement on both economic growth and the stability and security of the EU's neighbourhood. The Committee also consider the increasing 'nationalisation' of the enlargement process and how the EU and the Commission should tackle bilateral issues, such as the 'name issue' between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. EU enlargement provides benefits for both existing and new Member States. However, with the current economic difficulties in Europe, it has become less of a priority. It is important the EU does not lose sight of the benefits enlargement can bring. The UK, for example, aims to export its way out of recession and a larger single market can only help that effort. It is also vital that the EU abides by its own rules when taking in new members. The Committee believes the Copenhagen criteria set the bar at the right level and they must be properly applied to any future candidates for EU membership. Failure to do this in the case of Bulgaria and Romania led to a scramble to bring those countries up to speed after accession. That cannot be allowed to happen again.
The European Commission published a Green Paper ("An EU approach to managing economic migration") in January 2005, setting out proposals for a common EU policy for the admission of immigrants for employment and migrant workers' rights. In light of this consultation paper, the Committee's report examines the issue of economic migration to the EU and the level at which it should be regulated, and discusses whether Member States should retain the freedom to decide on issues of economic migration independently of each other. The report is mostly concerned with migration into the EU, but also looks at some aspects of intra-EU movement; it does not consider illegal immigration or asylum issues. Issues discussed include: wider economic issues, the impact of globalisation, EU enlargement, options for control of migrant workers, the UK's position on the Commission's Green Paper, the case for a common EU policy, and the rights of migrant workers.
What role do the people play in defining and developing human rights?This volume explores the very topical issue of the lack of democratic legitimisation of national and international courts and the question of whether rendering the original process of defining human rights more democratic at the national and international level would improve the degree of protection they afford.The authors venture to raise the crucial question: When can a democratic society be considered to be mature enough so as to be trusted to provide its own definition of human rights obligations?
The position of the police in both the old democracies and in societies in transition is affected by occasional conflicting legal and professional standards for police work, increasing public expectations, changing crime patterns, stricter standards of effectiveness and accountability and, frequently, inadequacies in the available financial and other resources. This publication contains papers on topics such as: the control of police powers; the prevention of police corruption; powers and accountability of private police; police and the public.
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