Recently much attention has been devoted to the optimization of transportation networks in a given geographic area. One assumes the distributions of population and of services/workplaces (i.e. the network's sources and sinks) are known, as well as the costs of movement with/without the network, and the cost of constructing/maintaining it. Both the long-term optimization and the short-term, "who goes where," optimization are considered. These models can also be adapted for the optimization of other types of networks, such as telecommunications, pipeline or drainage networks. In the monograph we study the most general problem settings, namely, when neither the shape nor even the topology of the network to be constructed is known a priori.
Recently much attention has been devoted to the optimization of transportation networks in a given geographic area. One assumes the distributions of population and of services/workplaces (i.e. the network's sources and sinks) are known, as well as the costs of movement with/without the network, and the cost of constructing/maintaining it. Both the long-term optimization and the short-term, "who goes where," optimization are considered. These models can also be adapted for the optimization of other types of networks, such as telecommunications, pipeline or drainage networks. In the monograph we study the most general problem settings, namely, when neither the shape nor even the topology of the network to be constructed is known a priori.
Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Uranyl Compounds is a guide to the research and physics of the actinide elements, particularly the uranyl ion. The book is introduced with the subject of the spectroscopy of uranyl salts in the solid state. Studies dealing with the fluorescence and absorption spectra of solid uranyl salts through band measurements and empirical classification, term analysis, and fluorescence spectrum in relation to excitation by light of various wavelengths are then discussed. The book also mentions the analysis of the uranyl spectrum by Dieke and co-workers, because of the precise measurements of the fluorescence and absorption bands obtained under the Manhattan project. The table determined by Pant and Sakhwalkar in their study of the florescence spectrum of solid, hydrated uranyl fluoride at -185 degrees centigrade is presented. The text also discusses the theory of electronic structure and spectra of the uranyl ion. The spectroscopy of uranyl compounds in solution and the uranyl fluorescence intensity and decay are then presented. The book then explains the process of measuring the intensity of slowly decaying florescence of uranyl salts. The primary photochemical reactions in uranyl compounds are found to be slow, giving rise to many secondary thermal reactions that may be unwanted. Researchers in the fields of chemistry and physics working on actinide elements will find this collection of monographs invaluable.
This book is intended to be a comprehensive introduction to the subject of partial differential equations. It should be useful to graduate students at all levels beyond that of a basic course in measure theory. It should also be of interest to professional mathematicians in analysis, mathematical physics, and differential geometry. This work will be divided into three volumes, the first of which focuses on the theory of ordinary differential equations and a survey of basic linear PDEs.
Focussing on the formulation of mathematical models for the light curves of eclipsing binary stars, and on the algorithms for generating such models, this book provides astronomers, both amateur and professional, with a guide for - specifying an astrophysical model for a set of observations - selecting an algorithm to determine the parameters of the model - estimating the errors of the parameters. It is written for readers with knowledge of basic calculus and linear algebra; appendices cover mathematical details on such matters as optimisation, co-ordinate systems, and specific models. While emphasising the physical and mathematical framework, the discussion remains close to the problems of actual implementation. The book concludes with chapters on specific models and approaches and the authors'views on the structure of future light-curve programs.
Boltzmann and Vlasov equations played a great role in the past and still play an important role in modern natural sciences, technique and even philosophy of science. Classical Boltzmann equation derived in 1872 became a cornerstone for the molecular-kinetic theory, the second law of thermodynamics (increasing entropy) and derivation of the basic hydrodynamic equations. After modifications, the fields and numbers of its applications have increased to include diluted gas, radiation, neutral particles transportation, atmosphere optics and nuclear reactor modelling. Vlasov equation was obtained in 1938 and serves as a basis of plasma physics and describes large-scale processes and galaxies in astronomy, star wind theory. This book provides a comprehensive review of both equations and presents both classical and modern applications. In addition, it discusses several open problems of great importance. Reviews the whole field from the beginning to today Includes practical applications Provides classical and modern (semi-analytical) solutions
This is the first major assessment of the role of the presidency in Russia's difficult transition form communist rule. Huskey analyzes the establishment and functioning of the Russian presidency as an institution and in relation to the other leading institutions of state: the government, parliament, courts, and regional authorities. Although this is not a biography of the first president, Boris Yeltsin, his allies and his rivals loom large in the study of a critical phase in the creation of a new Russian political system.
The second edition of Solar System Astrophysics: Planetary Atmospheres and the Outer Solar System provides a timely update of our knowledge of planetary atmospheres and of the bodies of the outer solar system and their analogs in other planetary systems. This volume begins with an expanded treatment of the physics, chemistry, and meteorology of the atmospheres of the Earth, Venus, and Mars, moving on to their magnetospheres and then to a full discussion of the gas and ice giants and their properties. From here, attention switches to the small bodies of the solar system, beginning with the natural satellites. The comets, meteors, meteorites, and asteroids are discussed in order, and the volume concludes with the origin and evolution of our solar system. Finally, a fully revised section on extrasolar planetary systems puts the development of our system in a wider and increasingly well understood galactic context. All of the material is presented within a framework of historical importance. This book and its sister volume, Solar System Astrophysics: Background Science and the Inner Solar system, are pedagogically well written, providing clearly illustrated explanations, for example, of such topics as the numerical integration of the Adams-Williamson equation, the equations of state in planetary interiors and atmospheres, Maxwell’s equations as applied to planetary ionospheres and magnetospheres, and the physics and chemistry of the Habitable Zone in planetary systems. Together, the volumes form a comprehensive text for any university course that aims to deal with all aspects of solar and extra-solar planetary systems. They will appeal separately to the intellectually curious who would like to know how just how far our knowledge of the solar system has progressed in recent years.
The writings of Newton, Leibniz, Pascal, Riemann, Bernoulli, and others in a comprehensive selection of 125 treatises dating from the Renaissance to the late 19th century — most unavailable elsewhere.
The most comprehensive description of the physical foundations of methods and instruments in the fields of passive remote sensing applied to investigations of the Earth, Solar system bodies and space. Emphasis is placed on the physical aspects necessary to judge the possibilities and limitations of passive remote sensing methods in specific observation cases. Numerous practical applications and illustrations are given referring to airspace up-to-date experiments. Due to the lack in traditional separation on methods and instruments of remote sensing of the Earth and outerterrestrial space this book aims to supply more information in this field.
This is a story of belief, disillusionment and atonement. Long identified with leftist causes, the journalist Eugene Lyons was by background and sentiment predisposed to early support of the Russian Revolution. A "friendly correspondent," he was one of a coterie of foreign journalists permitted into the Soviet Union during the Stalinist era because their desire to serve the revolution was thought to outweigh their desire to serve the truth. Lyons first went to the Soviet Union in 1927, and spent six years there. He was there as Stalin consolidated his power, through collectivization and its consequences, as the cultural and technical intelligentsia succumbed to the secret police, and as the mechanisms of terror were honed. As Ellen Frankel Paul notes in her major new introduction to this edition, "It was this murderous reality that Stalin's censors worked so assiduously to camouflage, corralling foreign correspondents as their often willing allies." Lyons was one of those allies. Assignment in "Utopia "describes why he refused to see the obvious, the forces that kept him from writing the truth, and the tortuous path he traveled in liberating himself. His story helps us understand how so many who were in a position to know were so silent for so long. In addition, it is a document, by an on-the-scene journalist, of major events in the critical period of the first Five-Year Plan. As Ellen Frankel Paul notes in her major new introduction to this new edition, Assignment in "Utopia "is particularly timely. The system it dissects in such devastating detail is in the process of being rejected throughout Eastern Europe and is under challenge in the Soviet Union itself. The book lends insight into the "political pilgrim" phenomenon described by Paul Hollander, in which visitors celebrate terrorist regimes, seemingly oblivious to their destructive force. The book is valuable for those interested in the Stalinist era in the Soviet Union, those interested in radical regimes and political change, as well as those interested in better understanding current events in Europe. It will also be useful for the tough questions it poses about journalistic ethics.
This is the first comprehensive treatment of the interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with solids at nonrelativistic intensity. It connects phenomena from the subtle atomic motion on the nanoscale to the generation of extreme pressure and temperature in the interaction zone confined inside a solid. The femtosecond laser-matter interaction has al
Three experts from the worlds of magic and business strategy share the secrets to conjuring innovation and shattering expectations. Your organization may employ hundreds, even thousands. You may be experiencing growth and hitting your revenue targets. But unless you are creating magic for your customers—like Disney, Apple, and Amazon—you are not the innovation leader you need to be in today’s marketplace. In Creating Business Magic, a corporate strategist, a former acting CIA director, and a world-renowned magician share their secrets to success. Each chapter opens with a legendary magic act—from Harry Houdini to Pen and Teller—and explores how the same principles and techniques can be deployed to create a fertile environment for disruptive innovation and propel a company light years ahead of the competition. "The authors illuminate the power of perception, ways to innovate, to think out of the box, break down conceptual barriers, and finally bring out the magician inside all of us.” —from the introduction by David Copperfied
This book represents the first ever scientific monograph including an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques. Until now, the electromagnetic field-assisted technologies of materials processing were lacking a systematic and generalized description in one fundamental publication; this work promotes the development of generalized concepts and of comparative analyses in this emerging area of materials fabrication. This book describes modern technologies for the powder processing-based fabrication of advanced materials. New approaches for the development of well-tailored and stable structures are thoroughly discussed. Since the potential of traditional thermo-mechanical methods of material treatment is limited due to inadequate control during processing, the book addresses ways to more accurately control the resultant material's structure and properties by an assisting application of electro-magnetic fields. The book describes resistance sintering, high-voltage consolidation, sintering by low-voltage electric pulses (including spark plasma sintering), flash sintering, microwave sintering, induction heating sintering, magnetic pulse compaction and other field-assisted sintering techniques. Includes an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques; Explains new techniques and approaches for material treatment; Provides detailed descriptions of spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering, high-voltage consolidation, magnetic pulse compaction, and various other approaches when field-assisted treatment is applied.
Here Michael Taylor develops pseudodifferential operators as a tool for treating problems in linear partial differential equations, including existence, uniqueness, and estimates of smoothness, as well as other qualitative properties. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Ischemia is localized tissue anemia due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood, thus brain ischemia is the condition where insufficient blood is delivered to the brain. Many physiological processes occurring in the brain critically depend on the state of its energy metabolism. The state of brain energy metabolism in turn depends on the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain via the bloodstream. Although it comprises only 2% of the total body weight, the human brain consumes 20-25% of the oxygen and up to 70% of the free glucose taken in by the body. The brain respires more intensively than any other organ of the body. The intensity of oxygen consumption by cortical brain tissue much exceeds the demands of other tissues (5.43 mmol 02/g per h versus 3.06 and 4.02 mmol for heart at rest and intensively working, respectively, 2.4 mmol for kidneys, and 1.8 mmol for liver). Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria generates 95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that is formed in the brain. Thus, it is clear why insufficiency of oxygen delivery to brain cells adversely affects brain function. Glucose is the main energy-providing substrate in the brain. The basic pathway of its metabolism in neural tissue is aerobic glycolysis.
Nanotechnology is a 'catch-all' description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules that have applications in the real world. A nanometre is a billionth of a metre, that is, about 1/80,000 of the diameter of a human hair, or 10 times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. Nanotechnology is now used in precision engineering, new materials development as well as in electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas such as gene therapy, drug delivery and novel drug discovery techniques. This book presents carefully selected abstracts of the last 5 years in this frontier field. Special access is provide by author, title and subject indexes.
This novel permits insight into the strange and horrific civil war that erupted in Sierra Leone in the 1990s in the twilight of the Cold War, leading ultimately to a UN War Crimes Tribunal for Crimes Against Humanity. It captures the toxic brew of forces that ultimately unleashed a conflagration in this small West African nation––Big Oil, Big Diamonds, competing external powers, foreign mercenaries, and the local dominant Lebanese trading community– –all pillaging and degrading the African population’s assets and destroying its chances for development until, not surprisingly, a brutal insurrection breaks out. The protagonist, Richard White, is an African-American international lawyer who first arrives in Sierra Leone during the Cold War on a mission to collect a forty million dollar oil debt owed by the local Freetown refinery. He returns a second time, post-Cold War, representing Lebanese interests in the largely illicit diamond trade, only to be kidnapped and held for ransom by Foday Sankoh’s Revolutionary United Front. Where Witch Birds Fly is also––and not less so––an illuminated portrayal of White’s process of loss and redemption. An outwardly successful man,White is in actuality seeking to come to terms with the personal malaise brought about by his rejection of family and ethnic heritage. He travels through life with all the accoutrements that demonstrate his professional success––sharp clothes, fast cars, and flashy white women––but inside, he feels troubled and alone. Long-term psychoanalysis does little to alleviate his malaise. White’s road to peace lies through the maelstrom. Harkins projects the deadly social forces at play in Sierra Leone over a decade with the socio-political acumen and high moral vision of John Le Carre in The Constant Gardner.
A large number of rotating mirror cameras have been manufactured in the last several decades to cover a range of recording demands often near the limits of the rotating mirror's burst speed. The demand for high recording rates often has been met by optoelectric devices. This monograph is intended for readers who are familiar with high-speed recording devices.
Perceptive text examines shortest paths, network flows, bipartite and nonbipartite matching, matroids and the greedy algorithm, matroid intersections, and the matroid parity problems. Suitable for courses in combinatorial computing and concrete computational complexity.
A systematic development of the foundations of spectroscopy for plasmas subjected to quasi-monochromatic electric fields in the microwave or visible range. Of importance are the transverse fields present in the plasmas of tokamaks, laser fusion, and technological microwave discharges. The book describes methods for measuring the field and plasma parameters and discusses their practical application, while also presenting new results on nonpertubative analysis of the interaction of quantum systems with a strong radiation field.
This excellent text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students covers norms, numerical solutions of linear systems and matrix factoring, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, polynomial approximation, and more. Many examples and problems. 1966 edition.
The monograph presents the results of the development of the theoretical foundations of geoinformation management of the development of distributed organizational and technical systems and territories. The objectives of the research identified the main tasks to be solved: 1) conceptual analysis of the processes of geoinformation management of the development of spatially distributed natural and technical systems. 2) methodological foundations for managing the development of natural and technical systems. 3) methodological apparatus for providing geoinformation management for the development of natural and technical systems. 4) geoinformation systems for managing the development of natural and technical systems. 5) methods and models of decision-making risk management in managing the development of natural and technical systems. The results obtained allow, at subsequent stages of research, to develop decision-making methods based on geoinformation for real control systems of various levels and purposes, practical recommendations for improving geoinformation risk management for the development of territories and organizational and technical systems, as well as methods for measuring the parameters of distributed systems, territories and water areas.
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